The aqueous extract of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Amur Cork Tree) provides a rich source of antioxidants and chemical compounds, and can be used for food and wood preservative materials. In this study, we charact...The aqueous extract of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Amur Cork Tree) provides a rich source of antioxidants and chemical compounds, and can be used for food and wood preservative materials. In this study, we characterized the chemical composition of this extract by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using a variety of antioxidant assays (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical, and DPPH radical scavenging activity). Additionally, total polyphenolic content was determined. Phenolic acids and acetone derivatives were major compounds of the extract capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical and reducing ferric ions. DPPH and ferric ion reduction results were strongly correlated with total phenolic content of the extract which also exhibited strong nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities.展开更多
Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of...Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of the trees with different ages and geographies in Northeast China were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The contents of palmatine in the barks of root, trunk, and perennial branch were significantly higher than those in annual branches and leaves. The contents of palmatine in trunk bark and root bark from Lesser Khingan Mountains increased with age, which is significantly opposite to other three vegetation types. The contents of palmatine in perennial branch bark, annual bark and leaves had no significant reg- ularity. Moreover, the contents of palmatine in samples of root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark and annual bark varied significantly with latitude. The nature populations of P. amurense growing at low latitude contained significantly more palmatine than those growing at high latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient utilization of P. amurense.展开更多
Phellodendron amurense has been used for many years as a medical plant in traditional Chinese medicine and has shown great prospect in recent clinical trials for future applications. Berberine is an essential active c...Phellodendron amurense has been used for many years as a medical plant in traditional Chinese medicine and has shown great prospect in recent clinical trials for future applications. Berberine is an essential active compound contained in P. amurense. Our objective in this study was to quantify the content of berberine in P.amurense from sites at different elevations on Changbai Mountain. We collected samples of P. amurense from five different elevations on Changbai Mountain. Berberine in samples was extracted by ultrahigh pressure extraction(UPE). And the quantity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). First, the optimal HPLC conditions for berberine were identified with satisfactory precision(relative standard deviation, R SD/5.6 %), good accuracy(relative error, R E/ 3.6 %) and good linear relation(R2= 0.9998) in the range of 6.576–328.8 mg L-1. Second, the combination of UPE and HPLC methods in quantitative analysis of berberine showed high repeatability(R SD= 3.28 %), reproducibility(R SD= 4.72 %),stability(R SD/ 1.27 %) and good recovery(99.54 %) for real plant materials. Samples from Heilongjiang Province at the lowest elevation contained the highest amount of berberine.Similarly, the lowest amount of berberine was recorded in samples from Changbai Forest Bureau of Jilin Province collected at the highest elevation in this paper. The proposed UPE–HPLC method is simple, reliable and low-cost for quantitative analysis of berberine. Content of berberine in P.amurense varied significantly by site on Changbai Mountain.展开更多
[Objectives] This study was conducted to study the anti-gout effect of Phellodendron amurense and its different processed products.[Methods] Extracts of P. amurense and its different processed products were fed to rat...[Objectives] This study was conducted to study the anti-gout effect of Phellodendron amurense and its different processed products.[Methods] Extracts of P. amurense and its different processed products were fed to rats respectively, to observe uric acid and creatinine in the serum and swelling index.[Results] Compared with the data of positive control, P. amurense and the processed products could significantly reduce the high uric acid and creatinine in the serum, and also could resist the swelling in rats.[Conclusions] P. amurense and its processed products showed different degrees of anti-gout effect, and the processing methods were found to have no remarkable impact on this effect.展开更多
Objective: To investigate whether the dried root of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht(Phellodendri cortex; PC) extract improves arthritic symptoms through anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects in collagen-i...Objective: To investigate whether the dried root of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht(Phellodendri cortex; PC) extract improves arthritic symptoms through anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was induced in male DBA/1 mice by immunization with type Ⅱ collagen(ColⅡ). CIA mice were divided into 5 groups(n=10 per a group) with normal, CIA control, PC extract(50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg)-treated, and meloxicam(50 mg/kg)-treated as the reference drug. The PC extract or meloxicam were administered orally in CIA mice once a day for 14 days after arthritis induction. Arthritic score, levels of anti-ColⅡ IgG2a antibody, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and interleukin(IL)-17 in the sera of CIA mice were measured. Histopathological changes in the ankle joints of CIA mice were also analyzed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin(H and E), safranin-O and immunohistochemistry using anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-17 antibodies. Results: The arthritic score was increased in CIA mice in a time-dependent manner, as were the serum levels of anti-ColⅡ IgG2a antibody, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-17. However, the oral administration of PC extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg in CIA mice significantly decreased the arthritic scores, and the serum levels of anti-ColⅡ IgG2a, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-17 compared with those in the CIA group(P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Furthermore, histopathological improvement of the joint architecture in CIA mice was observed after administration of PC extract. PC extract also significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-17 in the joints of CIA mice by suppressing the expression of their m RNA and proteins. Conclusion: PC extract may improve the pathological progression of RA through the inhibition of joint destruction by synovial inflammation and immune-stimulation, therefore, it would be a potential anti-arthritic agent in RA.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the content of nitrogen and nitrogenous matter in amur corktree(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)seedlings. [Method] The annual seedlings of...[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the content of nitrogen and nitrogenous matter in amur corktree(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)seedlings. [Method] The annual seedlings of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were inoculated with four arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in a pot experiment to study the influences of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the content of nitrogen and nitrogenous matter in Phellodendron amurense Rupr. [Result] After inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, the Phellodendron amurense Rupr. seedlings developed arbuscular mycorrhiza, leading to an enhancement of photosynthetic capacity. The leaf nitrogen content of those inoculated with Glomus mosseae increased to 1.28- 1.60 times as compared with the control. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio were also raised, with an increase over 25% of chlorophyll a content. In addition, IAA content in plants increased to 1.65-2.41 times; and nitrate reductase activity was also enhanced, as well as soluble protein content, 1.67-2.49 times as high as the control, which improved the nitrogen metabolic ability, and promoted the plant growth, as well as the secondary metabolic ability. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza on Phellodendron amurense Rupr.展开更多
Analysis on tree hegiht and diameter(DBH) growth of the belt-mixed plantations of Fraxinus mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense and Juglans mandshurica(panted in 1986) were conducted by using the methods of variance ana...Analysis on tree hegiht and diameter(DBH) growth of the belt-mixed plantations of Fraxinus mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense and Juglans mandshurica(panted in 1986) were conducted by using the methods of variance analysis and multiple comparison. The results show that the position of slope is a significant physical factor to affect height growth and DBH growth. Fraxinus mandshurica grew best at meddle hill. Juglans mandshurica grew best at mid-down slope, and Phellodendron amurense grew best at down slope. The analysis of the positive edge effect was also made for belt-mixed plantation of Juglans mandshurica and Larix dahurica. The result indicated that Larix dahurica presented positive edge effect to growth of Juglans mandshurica present.展开更多
AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analy...AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis of ten active constituents in three chemical classes(namely, xanthone glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids) in Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair(ZB). METHOD: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dikma) by gradient elution using acetic acid in acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min–1 at 260 nm. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set to 60 ℃ and nebulizer gas pressure was 4.0 Bar. Method validation was performed to assure its linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. RESULTS: The HPLC-DAD-ELSD method allowed the quantification of ten compounds(phellodendrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E-I, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B, and timosaponin A-III), and was successfully applied to fingerprint analysis for ten batches of ZB samples. CONCLUSION: This was the first time to apply the combination of DAD and ELSD for the simultaneous determination of ten active ingredients in ZB. The results showed that the combination of quantitative analysis for marker ingredients and chemical fingerprint for the TCM herb pair provides a potentially powerful, widely introduced, and internationally accepted strategy for assessment of complex TCM formulas.展开更多
文摘The aqueous extract of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (Amur Cork Tree) provides a rich source of antioxidants and chemical compounds, and can be used for food and wood preservative materials. In this study, we characterized the chemical composition of this extract by GC and GC/MS. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using a variety of antioxidant assays (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide radical, and DPPH radical scavenging activity). Additionally, total polyphenolic content was determined. Phenolic acids and acetone derivatives were major compounds of the extract capable of scavenging the DPPH free radical and reducing ferric ions. DPPH and ferric ion reduction results were strongly correlated with total phenolic content of the extract which also exhibited strong nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities.
基金supported by Special Fund for ForestryScientific Research in the Public Interest(Grant No.201104066)
文摘Palmatine is a valuable ingredient in Chinese medicine that is produced by Phellodendron amurense Rupr. The contents of palmatine content in root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark, annual branches, and leaves of the trees with different ages and geographies in Northeast China were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The contents of palmatine in the barks of root, trunk, and perennial branch were significantly higher than those in annual branches and leaves. The contents of palmatine in trunk bark and root bark from Lesser Khingan Mountains increased with age, which is significantly opposite to other three vegetation types. The contents of palmatine in perennial branch bark, annual bark and leaves had no significant reg- ularity. Moreover, the contents of palmatine in samples of root bark, trunk bark, perennial branch bark and annual bark varied significantly with latitude. The nature populations of P. amurense growing at low latitude contained significantly more palmatine than those growing at high latitude. These results provide a scientific basis for the reasonable cultivation and efficient utilization of P. amurense.
基金supported by the 12th five-year National Science and Technology plan of China(2012BAC01B03)the 111 Project of China(B13007)
文摘Phellodendron amurense has been used for many years as a medical plant in traditional Chinese medicine and has shown great prospect in recent clinical trials for future applications. Berberine is an essential active compound contained in P. amurense. Our objective in this study was to quantify the content of berberine in P.amurense from sites at different elevations on Changbai Mountain. We collected samples of P. amurense from five different elevations on Changbai Mountain. Berberine in samples was extracted by ultrahigh pressure extraction(UPE). And the quantity was measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). First, the optimal HPLC conditions for berberine were identified with satisfactory precision(relative standard deviation, R SD/5.6 %), good accuracy(relative error, R E/ 3.6 %) and good linear relation(R2= 0.9998) in the range of 6.576–328.8 mg L-1. Second, the combination of UPE and HPLC methods in quantitative analysis of berberine showed high repeatability(R SD= 3.28 %), reproducibility(R SD= 4.72 %),stability(R SD/ 1.27 %) and good recovery(99.54 %) for real plant materials. Samples from Heilongjiang Province at the lowest elevation contained the highest amount of berberine.Similarly, the lowest amount of berberine was recorded in samples from Changbai Forest Bureau of Jilin Province collected at the highest elevation in this paper. The proposed UPE–HPLC method is simple, reliable and low-cost for quantitative analysis of berberine. Content of berberine in P.amurense varied significantly by site on Changbai Mountain.
基金Supported by Youth and Guidance Fund of Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology(Yd201605)
文摘[Objectives] This study was conducted to study the anti-gout effect of Phellodendron amurense and its different processed products.[Methods] Extracts of P. amurense and its different processed products were fed to rats respectively, to observe uric acid and creatinine in the serum and swelling index.[Results] Compared with the data of positive control, P. amurense and the processed products could significantly reduce the high uric acid and creatinine in the serum, and also could resist the swelling in rats.[Conclusions] P. amurense and its processed products showed different degrees of anti-gout effect, and the processing methods were found to have no remarkable impact on this effect.
基金supported by the research fund from Korean Medicine R&D Center, Dongguk University, Republic of Korea
文摘Objective: To investigate whether the dried root of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht(Phellodendri cortex; PC) extract improves arthritic symptoms through anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Methods: Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) was induced in male DBA/1 mice by immunization with type Ⅱ collagen(ColⅡ). CIA mice were divided into 5 groups(n=10 per a group) with normal, CIA control, PC extract(50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg)-treated, and meloxicam(50 mg/kg)-treated as the reference drug. The PC extract or meloxicam were administered orally in CIA mice once a day for 14 days after arthritis induction. Arthritic score, levels of anti-ColⅡ IgG2a antibody, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and interleukin(IL)-17 in the sera of CIA mice were measured. Histopathological changes in the ankle joints of CIA mice were also analyzed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin(H and E), safranin-O and immunohistochemistry using anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-17 antibodies. Results: The arthritic score was increased in CIA mice in a time-dependent manner, as were the serum levels of anti-ColⅡ IgG2a antibody, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-17. However, the oral administration of PC extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg in CIA mice significantly decreased the arthritic scores, and the serum levels of anti-ColⅡ IgG2a, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-17 compared with those in the CIA group(P〈0.05 or P〈0.01). Furthermore, histopathological improvement of the joint architecture in CIA mice was observed after administration of PC extract. PC extract also significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-17 in the joints of CIA mice by suppressing the expression of their m RNA and proteins. Conclusion: PC extract may improve the pathological progression of RA through the inhibition of joint destruction by synovial inflammation and immune-stimulation, therefore, it would be a potential anti-arthritic agent in RA.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the content of nitrogen and nitrogenous matter in amur corktree(Phellodendron amurense Rupr.)seedlings. [Method] The annual seedlings of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. were inoculated with four arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi in a pot experiment to study the influences of arbuscular mycorrhiza on the content of nitrogen and nitrogenous matter in Phellodendron amurense Rupr. [Result] After inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, the Phellodendron amurense Rupr. seedlings developed arbuscular mycorrhiza, leading to an enhancement of photosynthetic capacity. The leaf nitrogen content of those inoculated with Glomus mosseae increased to 1.28- 1.60 times as compared with the control. The chlorophyll content and chlorophyll a/b ratio were also raised, with an increase over 25% of chlorophyll a content. In addition, IAA content in plants increased to 1.65-2.41 times; and nitrate reductase activity was also enhanced, as well as soluble protein content, 1.67-2.49 times as high as the control, which improved the nitrogen metabolic ability, and promoted the plant growth, as well as the secondary metabolic ability. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza on Phellodendron amurense Rupr.
文摘Analysis on tree hegiht and diameter(DBH) growth of the belt-mixed plantations of Fraxinus mandshurica,Phellodendron amurense and Juglans mandshurica(panted in 1986) were conducted by using the methods of variance analysis and multiple comparison. The results show that the position of slope is a significant physical factor to affect height growth and DBH growth. Fraxinus mandshurica grew best at meddle hill. Juglans mandshurica grew best at mid-down slope, and Phellodendron amurense grew best at down slope. The analysis of the positive edge effect was also made for belt-mixed plantation of Juglans mandshurica and Larix dahurica. The result indicated that Larix dahurica presented positive edge effect to growth of Juglans mandshurica present.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City,China(No.10411969800)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.81202866 and 81302856)
文摘AIM: To develop and validate a high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with diode array and evaporative light scattering detectors(DAD-ELSD) method for the quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis of ten active constituents in three chemical classes(namely, xanthone glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids) in Zhimu-Huangbai herb pair(ZB). METHOD: Chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm, Dikma) by gradient elution using acetic acid in acetonitrile solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min–1 at 260 nm. The drift tube temperature of ELSD was set to 60 ℃ and nebulizer gas pressure was 4.0 Bar. Method validation was performed to assure its linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, repeatability, stability, and accuracy. RESULTS: The HPLC-DAD-ELSD method allowed the quantification of ten compounds(phellodendrine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, berberine, neomangiferin, mangiferin, timosaponin E-I, timosaponin B-II, timosaponin B, and timosaponin A-III), and was successfully applied to fingerprint analysis for ten batches of ZB samples. CONCLUSION: This was the first time to apply the combination of DAD and ELSD for the simultaneous determination of ten active ingredients in ZB. The results showed that the combination of quantitative analysis for marker ingredients and chemical fingerprint for the TCM herb pair provides a potentially powerful, widely introduced, and internationally accepted strategy for assessment of complex TCM formulas.