Synthesis and Investigation of Phenol Red Dye Doped Polymer Films

The optical properties of the pure polymer film and polymer films doped with Phenol Red dye at different concentrations were investigated. The films were prepared using the casting technique. Poly (methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer was doped with the Phenol Red dye dissolved in a mixture of chloroform and little quantity of methanol, used as suitable solvent for both the dye and the polymer. The spectral absorption measurements of these films were carried out at different dye concentrations using UV-Vis double-beam spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 300 - 800 nm. The optical parameters of the prepared Phenol Red dye doped polymer films, absorption coefficient (α), extinction coefficient (κ), refractive index (n), optical and electrical conductivities (σopt and σelect), and optical energy band gap (Eg), were determined. The results showed that the Phenol Red dye doped polymer film is a good candidate for photonic applications such as, solar cells, optical sensors, and other photonic devices.

Cross-linked Polyvinyl Alcohol pH Sensitive Membrane Immobilized with Phenol Red for Optical pH Sensors

An optical pH sensitive membrane for optical pH sensors has been developed by covalently immobilizing phenol red on optical transparent cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） membrane surfaces. The phenol red was first reacted with acrylamide to form a product of acrylamide grafted phenol red （AAGP）, then the AAGP was covalently immobilized to the PVA membrane via surface grafting-polymerization using Fe^2＋/H2O2 as initiator. The performance of the pH sensitive membrane was investigated and the results showed that the pH sensitive membrane has some features including a linear response scope from pH 6.5 to 8.5 closed with phenol solution, a rapid response time （〈：20 s）, good reproducibility, reversibility, excellent stability and easiness of fabrication. These show that the pH sensitive membrane can be used as a sensitive layer for optical pH sensor.

The electrical impedance, AC conductivity and dielectric properties of phenol red compound investigated and modeled by an artificial neural network

The impedance spectroscopy,electrical conductivity and electric modulus of bulk phenol red were measured,as a function of both frequency and temperature.Artificial neural networks(ANNs)were used for modeling its electrical properties.The two parts(real and imaginary)of its complex impedance(Z^*)were analyzed and the activation energy related to the electrical relaxation process was evaluated.Nyquist curves were plotted showing semicircles for the different temperatures.The AC electrical conductivity follows a power lawσac(ω)αω^η.The maximum barrier height Bm was derived for specific temperatures.A plausible mechanism for the AC conduction of bulk phenol red was deduced from the temperature reliance of the frequency exponent.The dielectric data was analyzed using electric modulus as a tool.In addition,ANNs were used to model the impedance parts and the total electrical conductivity.Numerous runs were tried,to obtain the best performance.The training and prediction results were compared to the equivalent experimental results,with a good match obtained.An equation describing the experimental results was obtained mathematically,based on the use of ANNs.The outputs demonstrated that ANNs are an admirable tool for modeling experimental results.

Effect of Superfine Grinding on Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Red Rice ( <i>Oryza sativa</i>L.)

Red rice gains popularity as a functional crop owing to its high polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. However, active components are discarded in common milling. Superfine ground technology was employed in this paper. To evaluate the influence of superfine ground processing on the physicochemical properties and functional effect of red rice (Oryza sativa L.), four powders with the size of 156.74 μm, 69.53 μm, 26.35 μm, and 10.68 μm were prepared by superfine grinding technology in this paper. Results showed that the size was smaller for red rice powders, greater for the bulk density (from 0.624 g/ml to 0.745 g/ml), and smaller for the angle of repose (from 74.67&deg;to 61.41&deg;) and slide (from 38.99&deg;to 26.42&deg;). The values of water solubility index, water holding capacity and enzymatic digestibility by α-amylase significantly increased with the decreasing particle size (P < 0.05). In addition, antioxidant activity and phenolic content were enhanced by superfine ground. These results indicated that superfine ground would improve the physicochemical and functional properties of red rice, which was helpful to promote the overall quality and healthy effect of foods containing red rice.

Effect of Lanthanum on Nitrification, Phosphorus Transformation and Phenol Decomposition in Red Soil

The effect of La on nitrification, P transformation and phenol decomposition in red soil was studied by incubation and pot culture experiments. La at low concentration has stimulative effect on soil nitrification and P transformation while its high concentration has inhibitory effects, and the inhibition is strengthened with increasing concentration of La. La has strongly inhibitory effect on soil phenol decomposition and the inhibition is strengthened with increasing concentration of La. When the incubation time is prolonged, the inhibitory effect of La on soil nitrification and phenol decomposition tends to decrease.

Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat-Red Kidney Bean Biscuits

This research was aimed to study the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of biscuits fortified with red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powder. Proximate compositions, total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and functional properties of red kidney bean (RKB) powder were studied before and after the incorporation of red kidney bean in the biscuits. The bean powder was mixed with wheat flour at a level of 0% as control, 10%, 20%, and 30% during dough preparation. Results revealed that RKB powder is a rich source of protein (26.25%) together with carbohydrate (59.7%), fat (2.4%), and ash (3.27%). The total phenolic content of bean powder was 14.15 mg GAE/g. Kidney bean powder showed good functional properties including water absorption capacity (149.7%), oil holding capacity (99.54%), swelling capacity (4.6%), and bulk density of 0.74 g/ml. After increasing the percentage of RKB with control, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the levels of protein, moisture, ash, fat, while carbohydrate content and total gross energy decreased significantly. Investigation of total phenolic content showed the increasing trend with the higher RKB fortification, which amounted to 10.31 mg GAE/g for control and 12.50 mg GAE/g for 30% RKB. DPPH radical scavenging activity was investigated for all the samples at five different concentrations. As there was an increase in the percentage of RKB and concentration of the samples, the antioxidant activity also increased significantly (p < 0.05), where IC50 value decreased from 0.0228 mg/ml for control to 0.0289 mg/ml for 10% RKB, followed by 20% and 30% RKB, respectively. In sensory test, the control cake secured the highest score in color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability followed by the cake incorporated with 10% freeze-dried mushroom powder.

羚羊感冒口服液多重药理作用研究

目的在动物水平对羚羊感冒口服液多重药理作用进行评价,为其临床应用提供理论依据和数据支持。方法依据羚羊感冒口服液的功能主治及临床适应证,建立6种动物模型:流感病毒FM1株及肺炎链球菌感染小鼠致肺炎模型,冰醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性模型及扭体模型,氨水致小鼠咳嗽模型及小鼠气管酚红排泌模型。通过观察肺指数、肺指数抑制率、伊文思蓝OD值、扭体次数,咳嗽次数及酚红排泌量等药效指标,评价羚羊感冒口服液的抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎、止痛、止咳、化痰作用。结果羚羊感冒口服液20 mL·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)剂量组可显著抑制流感病毒FM1引起的肺指数增高,明显增加小鼠气管酚红排泌量;肺炎链球菌感染小鼠的肺指数升高及腹腔毛细血管通透性增强,羚羊感冒口服液20、15、10 mL·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)3个剂量组对咳嗽有明显抑制作用,可显著减少氨水引起的小鼠咳嗽次数,延长咳嗽潜伏期;20、15 mL·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)2个剂量组均可显著减少醋酸致小鼠疼痛的扭体次数。结论不同剂量组羚羊感冒口服液作用程度不同且具有多重药理作用,包括抗病毒、抗菌、抗炎、止痛、止咳、化痰作用等。

不同产区赤霞珠葡萄酒中酚类物质含量及其抗氧化活性研究

以山东蓬莱、宁夏红寺堡及新疆和硕3个产区的赤霞珠干红葡萄酒为试验材料,分析不同产区该种葡萄酒中酚类物质的含量及其抗氧化活性,并结合主成分分析研究其之间的相关性。结果表明,山东蓬莱产区此种葡萄酒中总酚含量最高,达到2.32 mg/mL;宁夏红寺堡产区此种葡萄酒中总花色苷含量最高,达34.32 mg/L;新疆和硕产区此种葡萄酒中总类黄酮和总黄烷醇含量最高,高于蓬莱2.67%,高于红寺堡6.23%;宁夏红寺堡产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒ABTS[2,2'-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐,2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid,ABTS]自由基清除能力较高;新疆和硕产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力较高;对Fe3+还原能力的检测(Ferric reducing/antioxidant power,FRAP)得出山东蓬莱产区葡萄酒较高;对酚类物质的综合评价得出宁夏红寺堡产区赤霞珠干红葡萄酒抗氧化能力较高。

Box-Behnken响应面法优选麻贝清肺颗粒提取工艺及其药效学研究

目的:优化麻贝清肺颗粒提取工艺,评价其治疗急性支气管炎的药理学作用。方法:采用单因素试验筛选加水量、提取时间及浸泡时间对盐酸麻黄碱、新芒果苷、苦杏仁苷、芒果苷、甘草苷、盐酸黄连碱、盐酸小檗碱、盐酸巴马汀、甘草酸含量及干膏率等指标的影响,在此基础上利用Box-Behnken设计(BBD)-响应面法(RSM)结合信息熵理论设计试验并计算综合评分;通过分析回归方程模型,考察影响提取效果的因素,优选麻贝清肺颗粒的提取工艺。采用浓氨水引咳、二甲苯致耳肿胀及气管酚红实验考察麻贝清肺颗粒止咳化痰消炎的药理作用。结果:最佳提取工艺参数为加8.0倍量水,浸泡49.0 min,提取1.8 h。麻贝清肺颗粒可减少浓氨水致咳的次数,降低小鼠耳肿胀,增加酚红分泌量。结论:优化的提取工艺稳定可靠。麻贝清肺颗粒具有明显的止咳、祛痰、抗炎作用。

基于谱效关系的款冬花祛痰活性成分研究

目的:研究款冬花提取物的高效液相色谱指纹图谱与祛痰作用的谱效关系,筛选款冬花的祛痰活性成分。方法:采用高效液相色谱法建立款冬花提取物的指纹图谱并获得其化学成分含量信息,采用小鼠酚红排泌模型获得款冬花提取物的祛痰药效指标信息,采用偏最小二乘回归法对款冬花提取物的化学成分含量信息与祛痰药效指标信息进行谱效相关分析。结果:初步判断芦丁、异槲皮苷、绿原酸、新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C及峰3成分、峰17成分构成款冬花的祛痰活性成分群。结论:款冬花的祛痰作用是多成分共同作用的结果。本研究结果可为关联药效的款冬花质量标准的建立提供参考。

二冬二母二草汤的化痰作用研究

目的研究二冬二母二草汤的化痰作用。方法选择50只KM小鼠,以10只为1组,随机分成5组,根据其给药不同将组名命名为空白对照组(蒸馏水);盐酸溴己新组(9.6 mg/kg);二冬二母二草汤组高剂量组(18.6 g生药/kg)、中剂量组(9.3 g生药/kg)、低剂量组(4.65 g生药/kg),分析二冬二母二草汤对小鼠气管酚红排泌的影响。选择50只英国种豚大鼠,以10只为1组,随机分成5组,根据其给药不同将组名命名为空白对照组(蒸馏水);盐酸溴己新组(5.6 mg/kg);二冬二母二草汤组高剂量组(18.6 g生药/kg)、中剂量组(9.3 g生药/kg)、低剂量组(4.65 g生药/kg),分析二冬二母二草汤对大鼠痰液的影响。结果KM小鼠实验中,二冬二母二草汤中剂量组、低剂量组和盐酸溴己新组的小鼠酚红浓度分别为(0.88±0.17)、(1.21±0.18)、(0.91±0.31)μg/ml,对比空白对照组的(0.71±0.16)μg/ml显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01或<0.001)。英国种豚大鼠实验中,二冬二母二草汤高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组和盐酸溴己新组的痰液长度分别为(13.95±6.05)、(19.61±7.83)、(17.02±5.20)、(16.12±5.03)cm,对比空白对照组的(7.09±2.87)cm显著延长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01或<0.001)。结论二冬二母二草汤的化痰效果显著,可广泛用于治疗肺阴亏虚型咳嗽。

摘叶处理对‘红地球’葡萄品质及部分类黄酮合成基因表达的影响

以‘红地球’葡萄为材料,分别在果实转色始期和转色末期进行1、2、4片摘叶处理,对不同摘叶处理的果实理化指标、果皮酚类物质含量进行检测分析,并将这些品质指标进行主成分分析和综合评价;同时选择得分较高的2个处理,对其类黄酮合成相关基因和转录因子进行实时荧光定量PCR分析,并对酚类物质含量与类黄酮合成基因进行相关性分析。结果表明,不同摘叶处理对葡萄理化指标、酚类物质含量的影响存在差异,多数摘叶处理提升了果实的糖含量,增加了果皮酚类物质含量,上调了类黄酮相关基因和转录因子的相对表达量,CHS3、DFR1、FAOMT、CHI2和GST4基因与酚类物质的含量关系密切。通过主成分分析得出,在‘红地球’葡萄转色末期从结果枝基部摘除1片叶处理,所得果实的综合品质最佳。

温度和还原糖对红葡萄酒总酚含量的影响及预测模型构建与验证

发酵温度和还原糖含量等因素影响酚类物质在发酵过程中的浸出及稳定性。本研究旨在探讨温度及还原糖对总酚浸出及稳定性的影响并建立预测模型。采用10 L小规格(训练集)和5 t大规格(验证集)发酵试验相结合,设置不同发酵温度和还原糖含量,并检测葡萄酒的总酚含量。结果显示,适当升温有助于增加总酚含量,而温度过高会影响酚类物质的稳定性导致其含量下降。还原糖通过影响发酵温度和酒精生成等因素间接影响总酚含量。以小规格试验数据为基础,大规格试验数据为验证,基于决策树回归、随机森林回归、极端梯度提升模型算法构建总酚含量预测模型,研究结果表明基于极端梯度提升算法的模型表现最佳,R^(2)为0.88,RMSE为60.13,其对大规格发酵总酚预测误差为17.8%。本研究为红葡萄酒生产过程中总酚含量的预测和调控提供了一种新的思路。

新疆红树莓不同产地与品种果实多酚物质含量特征与抗氧化活性研究

探究新疆红树莓不同产地和品种的果实中多酚物质含量特征与抗氧化能力的差异,分析多酚物质含量与抗氧化活性之间的相关性,并解析其土壤驱动因素,为果实的科学利用和红树莓种植布局提供科学参考。以新疆5个种植产区和2个红树莓品种:玛纳斯‘哈瑞太兹’、石河子142团‘哈瑞太兹’、那拉提乡‘秋英’、巴依托海‘秋英’、巴依托海‘哈瑞太兹’的成熟期果实为研究材料,对其总黄酮、总多酚、鞣花酸、绿原酸等多酚物质的含量特征和抗氧化活性进行测定与对比分析,并揭示与其不同产地土壤理化性质的相关性。结果表明:(1)新疆不同产地的红树莓品种中,果实的多酚物质含量与抗氧化活性在产区及品种之间表现出显著的差异,总体上总黄酮含量、鞣花酸含量、SOD活性和DPPH清除率在不同产区之间的地理差异大于品种间的差异,但总多酚含量和FRAP清除能力在不同品种之间表现出显著差异;(2)‘秋英’和‘哈瑞太兹’不同产地果实的总黄酮、绿原酸和原花青素含量对其抗氧化能力均具有显著的积极作用;(3)土壤有机质、碱解氮、全氮、速效磷和全磷对红树莓果实多酚物质合成与积累及其抗氧化能力均具有显著的积极作用,而土壤容重对果实绿原酸含量产生负向影响。

酚红法和改良重量法分别研究葛根素的大鼠在体肠吸收机制

目的通过在体单向肠灌流法研究葛根素的肠吸收机制,比较酚红法与改良重量法在研究葛根素吸收机制上的适用性。方法采用酚红法、改良重量法校正灌流液体积,并用HPLC法对灌流前后葛根素的含量进行测定,研究不同质量浓度(100、200和400μg.mL-1)的葛根素在大鼠不同肠段的吸收情况。结果酚红法测得的葛根素的吸收参数基本为负值,其结果不符合常理。改良重量法测得葛根素在各肠段均有吸收,但各肠段之间差异无统计学意义,不存在明显吸收窗;葛根素浓度升高,肠吸收有所增加,且不存在饱和现象。结论改良重量法相对酚红法更适用于葛根素的在体肠吸收研究。

桔梗总皂苷与桔梗总次皂苷祛痰作用的比较

采用小鼠酚红祛痰法比较了桔梗总皂苷及桔梗总次皂苷的祛痰作用。试验结果表明:桔梗总皂苷及黑曲霉转化的桔梗总次皂苷均能增加小鼠呼吸道酚红排泌量(P<0.05)。桔梗总皂苷及桔梗总次皂苷的高、中剂量组有较强的祛痰作用。

离子型药物酚红的小肠吸收研究

利用大鼠在体回流模型，在不同的ｐＨ条件下，对酚红的小肠吸收进行了研究。发现酚红虽然为一离子型的药物，在小肠仍有一定的吸收，其吸收速率为：十二指肠＞空肠＞回肠＞结肠。酚红的吸收受小肠内Ｃａ２＋浓度的影响。加入ＥＤＴＡ－Ｎａ２能够显著促进酚红的小肠吸收和结肠吸收。

大鼠小肠循环液中酚红的双波长分光光度法的测定

目的 :建立大鼠小肠循环液中酚红的测定方法。方法 :采用双波长分光光度法 ,以 0 .1mol/LNaOH为溶剂 ,5 5 8nm为测定波长 ,5 70nm为参比波长。结果 :线性范围为 1～ 8μg/ml,回收率为 99.88%～ 99.99% (n =5 ) ,日内RSD为 0 .5 1%～ 1.2 7%(n =4) ,日间RSD为 0 .5 8%～ 2 .2 9% (n =4)。结论 :该法可用于大鼠小肠液中酚红的测定。

活性炭的Zeta电位对其吸附各种染料规律的影响2．活性炭对阴离子染料酚红的吸附

通过在不同ｐＨ下活性炭吸附阴离子染料酚红规律的研究，发现ｐＨ对活性炭吸附酚红的影响，一方面是ｐＨ不同时活性炭表面ζ电位的带电性不同；另一方面是酚红的溶解度随ｐＨ而变化，这两个因素决定了活性炭对酚红的吸附性能。当ｐＨ小于活性炭的ｐＨ＿ｚｐｃ时活性炭表面ζ电位带正电，随着ｐＨ的降低，ζ电位增加，对阴离子酚红的吸附量随之增大。反之，当ｐＨ大于ｐＨ＿ｚｐｃ时，随着ｐＨ的增大，ζ电位降低以及酚红溶解度的增大，吸附量很快下降直至趋于零。此外还通过活性炭对阴离子染料酚红在不同ｐＨ下的吸附动力学和吸附热大学参数的估算，进一步揭示了活性炭在不同ｐＨ下对酚红的吸附机理。

胰蛋白酶活性的定量测定方法

对甲苯磺酰基精氨酸甲酯（ＴＡＭＥ）是胰蛋白酶的专一性底物．ＴＡＭＥ经胰蛋白酶水解释放出的对甲苯磺酰基精氨酸与活性测定混合物中的ＮａＯＨ反应，导致溶液ｐＨ值的下降．以酚红为指示剂，通过测定５５５ｎｍ处光吸收值的降低可以监测ｐＨ的变化．在０．００１～０．３μｇ的范围内，胰蛋白酶含量与５５５ｎｍ处光吸收值的降低呈线性关系．