Correlation of preoperative inflammatory factors and emotional disorders with postoperative delirium in patients with craniocerebral trauma

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury(TBI)imposes a substantial societal and familial burden due to its high disability and fatality rates,rendering it a serious public health problem.Some patients with TBI have poor treatment outcomes and are prone to postoperative delirium(POD),which affects their quality of life.Anxiety has been linked to increased POD incidence in some studies,while others have found no correlation.AIM To investigate the correlation of POD risk factors,preoperative inflammatory factors,and mood disorders in patients with TBI.METHODS We retrospectively collected data on the treatment of 80 patients with TBI from November 2021 to September 2023.Patients were grouped as POD and non-POD,according to their POD status,and the general data of the two groups were compared.Inflammatory factor levels were detected preoperatively,and the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)were used to investigate the risk factors associated with POD in these patients.Logistic regression was used to identify the independent risk factors.RESULTS Twenty-one patients(26.25%)developed POD,including 7,10,and 4 cases of the excitatory,inhibitory,and mixed types,respectively.There were 59 cases(73.75%)in the non-POD group.Compared with the non-POD group,the POD group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with low Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores before admission,unilateral mydriasis,preoperative hemorrhagic shock,intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH),and postoperative hyperglycemic hyperosmolar disease(P<0.05).In the POD group,interleukin-6(IL-6),human tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),myeloperoxidase levels,HAMA,and HAMD scores were higher than those in the non-POD group(all P<0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that GCS score at admission,IVH,IL-6,TNF-α,HAMA,and HAMD were independent risk factors for POD in patients with TBI(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Low GCS score at admission,IVH,elevated IL-6 and TNF-α,other inflammatory indicators,anxiety,and depression,can increase the risk of POD in patients with TBI after surgery.

Assessing myocardial indices and inflammatory factors to determine anxiety and depression severity in patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure(CHF)have a progressive disease that is associated with poor quality of life and high mortality.Many patients experience anxiety and depression(A&D)symptoms,which can further accelerate disease progression.We hypothesized that indicators of myocardial function and inflammatory stress may reflect the severity of A&D symptoms in patients with CHF.Changes in these biomarkers could potentially predict whether A&D symptoms will deteriorate further in these individuals.AIM To measure changes in cardiac and inflammatory markers in patients with CHF to determine A&D severity and predict outcomes.METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 233 patients with CHF treated at the Jingzhou Hospital,Yangtze University between 2018-2022 and grouped them according to Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)scores.We compared clinical data in the no-A&D,mild-A&D,moderate-A&D,and severe-A&D groups,the SAS and SDS scores with the New York Heart Association(NYHA)functional classification,and cardiac markers and inflammatory factors between the no/mild-A&D and moderate/severe-A&D groups.Regression analysis was performed on the markers with P<0.05 to determine their ability to predict A&D severity in patients and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)was used to evaluate their accuracy.RESULTS In the inter-group comparison,the following variables had an effect on A&D severity in patients with CHF:NYHA class,left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(P<0.05).Other variables did not differ significantly between the A&D groups(P>0.05).In addition,we found that higher NYHA classes were associated with higher the SAS and SDS scores(P<0.05).Regression analysis showed that LVEF,NTproBNP,and IL-6 were independent risk factors for A&D severity(P<0.05).Among them,NT-proBNP had the best predictive ability as a single indicator(AUROC=0.781).Furthermore,the combination of these three indicators exhibited a good predictive effect toward discriminating the extent of A&D severity among patients(AUROC=0.875).CONCLUSION Cardiac and inflammatory biomarkers,such as LVEF,NT-proBNP,and IL-6,are correlated with A&D severity in patients with CHF and have predictive value.

Effects of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores on ankylosing spondylitis patients with sleep disorder

BACKGROUND Patients with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)frequently suffer from comorbid sleep disorders,exacerbating the burden of the disease and affecting their quality of life.AIM To investigate the clinical significance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in patients with AS complicated by sleep disorders.METHODS A total of 106 AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders were included in the study.The patients were grouped into the desirable and undesirable prognosis groups in accordance with their clinical outcomes.The serum levels of inflammatory factors,including C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,interleukin(IL)-6,tumour necrosis factor-αand IL-1β,were measured.Disease activity scores,such as the Bath AS functional index,Bath AS disease activity index,Bath AS metrology index and AS disease activity score,were assessed.The health index was obtained through the Short Form-36 questionnaire.RESULTS The study found significant associations amongst serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores in AS patients with comorbid sleep disorders.Positive correlations were found between serum inflammatory factors and disease activity scores,indicating the influence of heightened systemic inflammation on disease severity and functional impairment.Conversely,negative correlations were found between disease activity scores and health index parameters,highlighting the effect of disease activity on various aspects of healthrelated quality of life.Logistic regression analysis further confirmed the predictive value of these factors on patient outcomes,underscoring their potential utility in risk assessment and prognostication.CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate the intricate interplay amongst disease activity,systemic inflammation and patientreported health outcomes in AS patients complicated by sleep disorders.The results emphasise the need for comprehensive care strategies that address the diverse needs and challenges faced by these patients and underscore the potential relevance of serum inflammatory factors,health index and disease activity scores as prognostic markers in this patient population.

Effects of Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction on Uterine Energy Metabolism and Serum Inflammatory Factors in Rats with Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

[Objectives]To observe the effects of Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction on uterine energy metabolism and serum inflammatory factors in the acute pelvic inflammatory disease(APID)model.[Methods]75 Wistar rats(females)were randomly divided into control group,model group and Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction low,medium and high dose groups(n=15).Except for the control group,the rat APID model was established by right uterine inoculation.On the fifth day after inoculation,the low,medium and high dose groups of Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction were administered at 4,8 and 16 g/kg,and the control group and model group received normal saline.Rats were killed 12 h after nondose administration,blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and measured by ELISA for serum interleukin-6(interleukin-6,IL-6),IL-8,and C-reactive proteins(CRP);the right uterus of rats was tested for high-energy phosphate adenosine phosphate(AMP),adenosine diphosphate(ADP),adenosine triphosphate(ATP)and total adenine nucleotides(TAN)level to evaluate the uterine energy metabolism.[Results]AMP,ADP,ATP and TAN were significantly higher in the Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction of low,medium and high dose than the model group,while the serum IL-6,IL-8 and CRP were significantly lower than the model group,and the difference between the low,medium and high doses(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The Wuwei Xiaodu Decoction can dose-dependent promote uterine energy metabolism and inhibit inflammatory response in APID model rats.

Clinical effects of nonconvulsive electrotherapy combined with mindfulness-based stress reduction and changes of serum inflammatory factors in depression

BACKGROUND Depression is a common and serious psychological condition,which seriously affects individual well-being and functional ability.Traditional treatment methods include drug therapy and psychological counseling;however,these methods have different degrees of side effects and limitations.In recent years,nonconvulsive electrotherapy(NET)has attracted increasing attention as a noninvasive treatment method.However,the clinical efficacy and potential mechanism of NET on depression are still unclear.We hypothesized that NET has a positive clinical effect in the treatment of depression,and may have a regulatory effect on serum inflammatory factors during treatment.AIM To assess the effects of NET on depression and analyze changes in serum inflammatory factors.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 140 patients undergoing treatment for depression between May 2017 and June 2022,the observation group that received a combination of mindfulness-based stress reduction(MBSR)and NET treatment(n=70)and the control group that only received MBSR therapy(n=70).The clinical effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by assessing various factors,including the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)-17,self-rating idea of suicide scale(SSIOS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),and levels of serum inflammatory factors before and after 8 wk of treatment.The quality of life scores between the two groups were compared.Comparisons were made using t and χ^(2) tests.RESULTS After 8 wk of treatment,the observation group exhibited a 91.43%overall effectiveness rate which was higher than that of the control group which was 74.29%(64 vs 52,χ^(2)=7.241;P<0.05).The HAMD,SSIOS,and PSQI scores showed a significant decrease in both groups.Moreover,the observation group had lower scores than the control group(10.37±2.04 vs 14.02±2.16,t=10.280;1.67±0.28 vs 0.87±0.12,t=21.970;5.29±1.33 vs 7.94±1.35,t=11.700;P both<0.001).Additionally,there was a notable decrease in the IL-2,IL-1β,and IL-6 in both groups after treatment.Furthermore,the observation group exhibited superior serum inflammatory factors compared to the control group(70.12±10.32 vs 102.24±20.21,t=11.840;19.35±2.46 vs 22.27±2.13,t=7.508;32.25±4.6 vs 39.42±4.23,t=9.565;P both<0.001).Moreover,the observation group exhibited significantly improved quality of life scores compared to the control group(Social function:19.25±2.76 vs 16.23±2.34;Emotions:18.54±2.83 vs 12.28±2.16;Environment:18.49±2.48 vs 16.56±3.44;Physical health:19.53±2.39 vs 16.62±3.46;P both<0.001)after treatment.CONCLUSION MBSR combined with NET effectively alleviates depression,lowers inflammation(IL-2,IL-1β,and IL-6),reduces suicidal thoughts,enhances sleep,and improves the quality of life of individuals with depression.

Mendelian Randomization Study of Causal Relationship between Inflammatory Factors and Vascular Dementia and Chinese Herbal Medicines Screening for Prevention and Treatment

Objective: This study aims to examine the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the probability of developing vascular dementia (VD) using Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Chinese herbal medicine prediction method, and to screen potential Chinese herbal medicines for the prevention and treatment of VD. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that exhibit a strong association with vascular dementia (VD) were identified as instrumental variables from the summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The primary analytical method employed was inverse variance weighting (IVW), while auxiliary analyses included the MR-Egger method, weighted median method, simple model, and weighted model. A two-way Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted to assess the causal relationship between inflammatory factors and the risk of VD, thereby identifying the key inflammatory factors involved. The MR-Egger intercept test and Cochran’s Q test were employed to assess the horizontal polymorphism and heterogeneity of instrumental variables. A sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding one method at a time. Ultimately, based on key inflammatory factors, predictions for the prevention and treatment using traditional Chinese medicine were made, along with the screening of homologous herbal remedies. Results: Based on the results of the forward MR, the probability of developing VD was elevated when the inflammatory factors CXCL10 and CXCL5 were expressed at higher levels, whereas the probability of developing VD decreased as the expression levels of IL-13 and IL-20RA increased. These findings were supported by the assessment of pleiotropy, heterogeneity, and sensitivity. The results of the reverse MR analysis showed that there was no causal relationship between VD, as an exposure dataset, and these four inflammatory factors. According to the key inflammatory factors, 37 Chinese herbal medicines such as Siraitia grosvenorii were selected. Their characteristics including four natures, five flavors, channel tropism and treatment efficiency were cold, warm, neutral, pungent, sweet, bitter, lung meridian, spleen meridian, liver meridian, kidney meridian and clearing heat. Among them, Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi were all medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines. Conclusions: The increase of CXCL10 and CXCL5 expression levels can increase the risk of VD, and the increase of IL-13 and IL-20 RA expression levels can reduce the risk of VD. Siraitia grosvenorii and other Chinese herbal medicines might be potential sources of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of VD. Medicine and food homologous Chinese herbal medicines, such as Siraitia grosvenorii, Poria with hostwood, Perilla frutescens, and Radix Platycodi, may help the elderly population with corresponding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitutions to prevent VD.

The effect of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with acute ischemic stroke

Objective:To study the clinical efficacy of Huanglian Jiedu decoction in treating acute ischemic stroke(AIS)and its effects on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress.Method:A total of 53 patients with AIS were recruited as the study subjects and randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group using a random number table method.The control group consisted of 26 patients and the treatment group consisted of 27 patients.The control group received conventional Western medicine treatment.The control group received routine Western medicine treatment,while the treatment group received Huanglian Jiedu decoction based on the control group,with 14 days as a course of treatment.The effects of Huanglian Jiedu decoction on neurological function and activities of daily living were evaluated using the National Institute of Health stroke scale(NIHSS)and activities of daily living(ADL)scores.The effects of Huanglian Jiedu decoction on inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress were evaluated by detecting interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β),total antioxidative capacity(T-AOC),malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)levels.Results:After treatment with Huanglian Jiedu Decoction,the ALD scores of AIS patients in both groups increased,while the NISHH scores decreased,suggesting that Huanglian Jiedu Decoction has therapeutic effects on AIS patients.It also reduces the levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,MDA in AIS patients and increases the levels of IL-4,TGF-β,CAT,SOD,T-AOC,suggesting that Huanglian Jiedu decoction can improve the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities of AIS patients.Conclusion:Huanglian Jiedu decoction can help AIS patients recover their neurological function,increase their capacity for self-care in daily life,and strengthen the body’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant defenses.

Efficacy and Impact on Inflammatory Factors and Lung Function in Pediatric Bronchial Asthma Treated with Modified Dingchuan Decoction

Objective:To study the efficacy of treating pediatric bronchial asthma with a modified Dingchuan Decoction and its effect on inflammatory factors and lung function levels.Methods:Sixty cases of bronchial asthma admitted to the hospital between January and December 2023 were divided into two groups using a computerized randomization method.One group of 30 cases received basic treatment with a salmeterol ticarcoson powder inhaler(control group),while the observation group received the same treatment plus a modified Dingchuan Decoction.The disappearance time of symptoms,levels of inflammatory factors,lung function indexes,and clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results:The disappearance time of symptoms in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group.The levels of inflammatory factors after treatment were lower,and lung function indexes were higher in the observation group compared to the control group.Additionally,the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the clinical treatment of pediatric bronchial asthma,supplementing conventional Western medicine with a modified Dingchuan Decoction is effective,as it actively reduces inflammatory factor levels and improves lung function.

The effect of Jiangan Xiaozhi Formula on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:To investigate the effects of Jiangan Xiaozhi Formula(JGXZ)on oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:Between September 2022 and December 2023,our hospital admitted a total of 58 patients with NAFLD.These patients were split into two groups at random:one for experimentation and the other for control.There were 27 patients in the experimental group at the end,compared to 26 in the control group,reasonable exercise,weight management,lipid regulation,and oral polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules(PPC).The experimental group received JGXZ in addition to the above treatments for 12 consecutive weeks.Changes in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,blood lipids,liver function indicators,the levels of oxidative stress markers,such as malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),as well as serum inflammatory factors,such as interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-8(IL-8),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),were measured both before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,both groups showed significant reductions in TCM syndrome scores(P<0.05)and improvements in blood lipids,liver function indicators,inflammatory factors,and oxidative stress markers(P<0.05).Improvements were noticeably better in the experimental group than in the control group.(P<0.05).Conclusion:JGXZ can significantly improve clinical symptoms,regulate blood lipids,and protect liver function in patients with NAFLD.Its mechanism may be related to inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating the balance of the oxidation-antioxidation system.

Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: Evidence based literature review

AIM: To advances in genetics and immunology have contributed to the current understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD). METHODS: The current opinion on the pathogenesis of IBD suggests that genetically susceptible individuals develop intolerance to dysregulated gut microflora(dysbiosis) and chronic inflammation develops as a result of environmental insults. Environmental exposures are innumerable with varying effects during the life course of individuals with IBD. Studying the relationship between environmental factors and IBD may provide the missing link to increasing our understanding of the etiology and increased incidence of IBD in recent years with implications for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Environmental factors are heterogeneous and genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, or dysbiosis do not lead to the development of IBD in isolation. RESULTS: Current challenges in the study of environmental factors and IBD are how to effectively translate promising results from experimental studies to humans in order to develop models that incorporate the complex interactions between the environment, genetics, immunology, and gut microbiota, and limited high quality interventional studies assessing the effect of modifying environmental factors on the natural history and patient outcomes in IBD.CONCLUSION: This article critically reviews the current evidence on environmental risk factors for IBD and proposes directions for future research.

Virulence factors of Enterococcus strains isolated from patients with inflammatory bowel disease

AIM: To determine the features of Enterococcus that contribute to the development and maintenance of the inflammatory process in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to assess the presence of genes that encode virulence factors [surface aggregating protein (asa1), gelatinase (gelE), cytolysin (cylA), extracellular surface protein (esp) and hyaluronidase (hyl)] in the genomic DNA of 28 strains of Enterococcus isolated from the intestinal tissues of children with IBD (n =16) and of children without IBD (controls; n = 12). Additionally, strains with confirmed presence of the gelE gene were tested by PCR for the presence of quorum sensing genes (fsrA, fsrB, fsrC) that control the gelatinase production. Gelatinase activity was tested on agar plates containing 1.6% gelatin. We also analysed the ability of Enterococcus strains to release and decompose hydrogen peroxide (using Analytical Merckoquant peroxide test strips) and tested their ability to adhere to Caco-2 human gut epithelium cells and form biofilms in vitro. RESULTS: A comparison of the genomes of Enterococcus strains isolated from the inflamed mucosa of patients with IBD with those of the control group showed statistically significant differences in the frequency of theasa1 gene and thegelE gene. Furthermore, the cumulative occurrence of different virulence genes in the genome of a single strain ofEnterococcus isolated from the IBD patient group is greater than in a strain from the control group, although no significant difference was found. Statistically significant differences in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and adherence to the Caco-2 epithelial cell line between the strains from the patient group and control group were demonstrated. The results also showed that profuse biofilm production was more frequent amongEnterococcus strains isolated from children with IBD than in control strains. CONCLUSION: Enterococcus strains that adhere strongly to the intestinal epithelium, form biofilms and possess antioxidant defence mechanisms seem to have the greatest influence on the inflammatory process.

Genetic update on inflammatory factors in ulcerative colitis: Review of the current literature

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is one of the main types of inflammatory bowel disease, which is caused by dysregulated immune responses in genetically predisposed individuals. Several genetic factors, including interleukin and interleukin receptor gene polymorphisms and other inflammation-related genes play central role in mediating and modulating the inflammation in the human body, thereby these can be the main cause of development of the disease. It is clear these data are very important for understanding the base of the disease, especially in terms of clinical utility and validity, but summarized literature is exiguous for challenge health specialist that can used in the clinical practice nowadays. This review summarizes the current literature on inflammationrelated genetic polymorphisms which are associated with UC. We performed an electronic search of Pubmed Database among publications of the last 10 years, using the following medical subject heading terms: UC, ulcerative colitis, inflammation, genes, polymorphisms, and susceptibility.

Effect of Danzhi decoction on expression of angiogenesis factors in patients with sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease

Objective:To investigate the efteets of traditional Chinese medicine.Danzhi decoction,on the expression angiogenesis factors in human endometrial cells during the sequelae of pelvic inflammatoty disease(SPID) and explore the role of Danzhi decction in improving the blood stasis microenvironment of SPID.Methods:A three-dimensional(3D) co—culture system including human vascular endothelial cells(VECs),endometrial stromal cells and glandular epithelial cells was established in vitro and treated with Danzhi decoction,sterilized water and aspirin respectively.A Milliplex multifunctional liquid chip technique was used to measure the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)—A/C/D,fibroblast growth factor-1/2.angiopoietin-2.epidermal growth factor(EGF) HB-EGF,bone morphogenetic protein-9.endoglin.endothehn-l.granulocyte colony stimulating factor,hepatocyte growth factor,interleukin-8,follistatin.placenta growth factor and leptin.The location of angiogenesis factors was monitored by immunofluorescence labeling and confocal laser scanning microscope3 D reconstruction.Results:Endometrial stromal cells and glandular epithelial cells were isolated and primary cultured for establishing a 3D co-culture system.The levels of VEGF—A/C/D in Danzhi decoction group and aspirin group were significantly lower than those in mock group(P<0.05).while there was no significant difference between Danzhi decoction group and aspirin group(P>0.05).Furthermore,the alterative location of VEGF—A/C/D was observed in the cytoplasm of endometrial glandular epithelial cells.Conclusions:Danzhi decoction mav inhibit the expression of VEGF in the blood stasis microenvironment of SPID by targeting the cytoplasm of endometrial glandular epithelial cell.

Effect of resveratrol on activation of nuclear factor kappa-B and inflammatory factors in rat model of acute pancreatitis

AIM: To observe the effect of resveratrol on nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB) activation and the inflammatory response in sodium taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in rats. METHODS: Seventy-two male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation group (control), severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group, and severe acute pancreatitis group treated with resveratrol (RES). A SAP model was established by injecting 4% sodium taurocholate 1 mL/kg through puncturing the pancreatic duct. In Res group, Res was given at 30 mg/kg b.m. intraperitoneally after the SAP model was successfully established. Eight animals from each group were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 12 h after modeling. The expression of NF-κB activation of pancreas was detected by irnmunohistochemical staining, whereas the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in pancreatic tissues were estimated by radioimrnunoassay. The pathological changes of pancreas and lungs were examined microscopically. RESULTS: Much less hyperemia, edema, dust-colored necrotic focus and soaps were noticed in pancreas in RES group than in SAP group. In RES group, hemorrhage, exudates and infiltration of inflammatory cells in pancreas and interstitial edema, destruction of alveolar wall in lung were significantly less than in SAP group. In the SAP group, the activation of NF-κB in pancreatic tissues was enhanced significantly at any measure point compared with control group (64.23±10.72% vs 2.56±0.65%, 55.86±11.34% vs 2.32±0.42%, 36.23±2.30% vs 2.40±0.36%,P<0.01), TNF-α, IL-8 were also increased and reached their peak at 6 h and then declined. The activation of NF-κB and the levels of TNF-α and IL-8 in RES group were significantly lower than those in SAP group (P<0.01): activation (52.63±9.45% vs 64.23±10.72%, 40.52±8.40% vs 55.86±11.34%, 29.83±5.37% vs 36.23±2.30%), TNF-α (132.76±15.68 pg/mL vs 158.36±12.58 pg/mL, 220.32±23.57 pg/mL vs 247.67± 11.62 pg/mL, 175.68±18.43 pg/mL vs 197.35±12.57 pg/mL) and IL-8 (0.62±0.21 μg/L vs 0.83±0.10 μg/L, 1.10±0.124 μg/L vs1.32±0.18 μg/L, 0.98±0.16 μg/L vs 1.27±0.23μg/L). CONCLUSION: The activation of NF-KB is involved in the inflammatory response of rats with SAP. Resveratrol could effectively inhibit the expression of NF-κB activation, alleviate the severity of SAP through its anti-inflammatory effects and regulate the inflammatory mediators.

Hepatitis B virus prevalence and transmission risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease patients at Clementino Fraga Filho university hospital

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients that followed up in our hospital and try to identify the possible risk factors involved in this infection transmission. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study for which 176 patients were selected according to their arrival for the medical interview. All these patients had already IBD diagnosis. The patient was interviewed and a questionnaire was filled out. RESULTS: In the group of 176 patients whom we examined, we found that 17% (30) were anti-HBc positive. Out of 30 patients with positive anti-HBc, 2.3% (4) had positive HBsAg and negative HBV-DNA. In an attempt to identify the possible HBV infection transmission risk factors in IBD patients, it was observed that 117 patients had been submitted to some kind of surgical procedure, but only 24 patients had positive anti-HBc (P = 0.085). It was also observed that surgery to treat IBD complications was not a risk factor for HBV infection transmission, since we did not get a statically significant P value. However, IBDpatients that have been submitted to surgery to treat IBD complications received more blood transfusions then patients submitted to other surgical interventions (P = 0.015). CONCLUSION: There was a high incidence of positive anti-HBc (17%) and positive HBsAg (2.3%) in IBD patient when compared with the overall population (7.9%).

Risk factors and gene polymorphisms of inflammatory bowel disease in population of Zhejiang,China

AIM:To identify the risk factors and three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of NOD2/CARD15 gene in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) of the population in Zhejiang,China.METHODS:A case-control study was conducted using recall questionnaire to collect data on demographic,socioeconomic,lifestyle characteristics and dietary behaviors from 136 determined IBD patients and 136 paired healthy controls.COX regression method was used to screen the statistically significant risk factors for IBD.The polymorphisms of NOD2/CARD15 gene Arg702Trp,Gly908Arg and Leu1007fsinsC were genotyped and further compared between 60 patients with IBD and 60 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.RESULTS:IBD occurred primarily in young and middle-aged people.The mean age for IBD patients was 42.6 years.The ratio of males to females was 1.23:1.COX regression indicated a higher statistical significance in milk,fried food and stress compared with the other postulated risk factors for IBD.None of the patients with IBD and healthy controls had heterozygous or homozygous SNPs variants.CONCLUSION:Milk,fried food and stress are associated with increased risk of IBD.The common variants in NOD2/CARD15 gene are not associated with IBD in China's Zhejiang population.

Changes of serum inflammatory factors and miR-145 expression in patients with osteoarthritis before and after treatment and their clinical value

BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease with an incidence of 50%in people over 65 years old and 80%in people over 80 years old worldwide.It is the second leading reason of loss of working capacity after cardiovascular diseases and severely affects the society and families.Therefore,finding biological markers related to the diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis is of great significance in clinical practice.AIM To observe the changes and clinical value of serum inflammatory factors and miR-145 expression in patients with osteoarthritis before and after treatment.METHODS Eighty-three patients with knee osteoarthritis(observation group)who were admitted to our hospital from April 2013 to June 2015,and 60 healthy people(control group)during the same period were selected.After 4 wk of treatment,the levels of miR-145,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-6,and IL-10 were compared between the control group and the observation group before treatment.The correlation of miR-145,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 levels with visual analogue scale(VAS),Lysholm,and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)scores was assessed by Pearson correlation analysis.The correlation of the expression of miR-145,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 with Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L)grades was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis.The critical levels of miR-145,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-10 in distinguishing different K-L grades were determined by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis.RESULTS The expression level of miR-145 in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group before treatment(P<0.05).After treatment,the expression level of miR-145 in the observation group was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05).The levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the level of IL-10 was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).After treatment,the levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05),and IL-I0 level was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05).VAS and WOMAC scores were both positively correlated with miR-145,TNF-α,and IL-6(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with IL-10(P<0.05),while Lysholm scores were negatively correlated with miR-145,TNF-α,and IL-6(P<0.05),and positively correlated with IL-10(P<0.05).K-L grades were positively correlated with miR-145,TNF-α,and IL-6(P<0.05),and negatively correlated with IL-10(P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve(AUC)and specificity of TNF-αin differentiating K-L grades I-II were the highest,which were 0.785 and 97.45%,respectively,and miR145 had the highest sensitivity of 94.59%;the AUC and sensitivity of IL-6 in differentiating K-L grades II-III were the highest,which were 0.766 and 97.30%,respectively,and TNF-αhad the highest specificity of 86.68%.CONCLUSION MiR-145 and inflammatory factors have certain diagnostic value in osteoarthritis,and they are expected to become potential indicators for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoarthritis in the future.

Low-dose dopamine reduces inflammatory factors of acute pancreatitis in rats

BACKGROUND: Acute pancreatitis, especially acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP), is a serious disease with a high morbidity because of multiorgan dysfunction. Recent studies have indicated that during the pathogenesis of ANP, changes of the microcirculation play an important role in the worsening of the disease. This study based on a. model of acute pancreatitis in Wistar rats was to determine the effect of treatment with low-dose dopamine on acute pancreatitis by the dynamic measurement of serum levels of inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-alpha. METHODS: Fifty Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups, and a model of ANP was set up by injecting sodium taurocholate into the pancreatic duct. Rats in the dopamine group (treatment group) were given dopamine by vein and those in the acute pancreatitis group (control group) were given normal saline. To assess the effect of low-dose doparnine (5 mu g . kg(-1) . min(-1)) on induced acute pancreatitis, the antibody sandwich ELISA method was used to measure the serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha at different times before and after the induction of ANP. RESULTS: The serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the treatment and control groups before and after ANP induction were significantly different. There was a markedly significant difference in the comparison of the two groups after ANP induction (P<0.01), but no significant difference in the comparison before the induction (P>0.05). Postoperative pancreatic histopathologic changes in the treatment group were more marked than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose dopamine is effective in treating ANP by alleviating inflammatory reactions. This effect may be related to the fact that low-dose doparnine not only can increase the blood flow of the pancreatic microcirculation but also reduce its permeability.

Trefoil factors in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which comprises ulcerative colitis and Crohn&#x02019;s disease, is characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3 (TFF1-3) are a family of peptides that play important roles in the protection and repair of epithelial surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract. TFFs may be involved in IBD pathogenesis and are a potential treatment option. In the present review, we describe the TFF family and their potential role in IBD by summarizing the current knowledge of their expression, possible function and pharmacological role in IBD.

Breastfeeding and genetic factors in the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease in children

Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic,debilitating disorder of the gastrointestinal tract.The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease has not been elucidated,but is thought to be multifactorial with both environmental and genetic influences.A large body of research has been conducted to elucidate the etiology of inflammatory bowel disease.This article reviews this literature,emphasizing the studies of breastfeeding and the studies of genetic factors,particularly NOD2 polymorphisms.