Expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten in liver of athymic mice with hepatocellular carcinoma and the effect of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction

AIM: To explore the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) in liver of athymic mice with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the effect of Fuzheng Jiedu Decoction (FJD). METHODS: Forty eight male BALB/c athymic mice models were built by Bel-7402 with an indirect method. After 24 h of postoperation, the 48 athymic mice were distributed randomly into 4 groups: A, B, C, D, each group had 12 athymic mice. Group A were were treated by intragastric administration with FT207 (Tegafur) for 4 wk. Group B, C and D were treated by intragastric administration with FJD (complex prescription of Chinese crude drug) that had been delegated into 3 kinds of density as the low, middle, and high for 4 wk. At last, athymic mice were put to death, live time, volume of tumors, exponent of tumors and the tumor metastasis in livers were observed; and PTEN was detected in hepatic tissue, latero-cancer tissue and cancer tissue by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Four weeks later, the total survival rate in treatment group (A + B + C) was 50% and higher than the control group (0%) treated by FT207, (P < 0.01). The survival rate in group A, B, C was higher than in group D, and except group A with D, there was significant differentces (Fisher's Exact Test P = 0.05 or 0.01). And no differences were observed between the treatment groups and the control group in volume of tumors and exponent of tumors (P > 0.05). Tumor metastasis in livers of the treatment group was less than the controls (Fisher's Exact Test, P = 0.021). The result of immunohistochemistry showed that the intensity of PTEN in latero-cancer tissue was the highest, and then the hepatic tissue, the lowest was cancer tissue (Kruskal-Wallis test, χ2 = 60.67, P = 0.000). It also showed that the intensity of PTEN in treatment groups (A, B, C) was higher than the control group (D) (F = 5.90, P = 0.002 in hepatic tissue and F = 15.99, P = 0.000 in latero-cancer tissue and χ2 = 26.08, P = 0.000 in cancer tissue), and group B is the highest in the treatment groups (P < 0.05, r = 0.01. respectively). However, there was no significant statistic difference between group A and group C (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: FJD can prolong the survival time and decrease tumor metastasis in livers of these experimental mice. Mechanisms of FJD healing HCC may partially be explained by enhancing the expression of PTEN in liver.

Rapid construction of phosphatase and tensin homolog-deleted on chromosome ten gene recombinant adenovirus using the AdEasy system

Recent studies have shown that phosphatase and tensin homolog-deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） gene plays an important role in ischemic brain damage and synaptic plasticity. The AdEasy system, which has been widely used, greatly simplifies preparation of recombinant adenovirus. Therefore, recombinant defective adenovirus vector carrying human PTEN tumor suppressor gene （Ad-PTEN） was constructed using the AdEasy-1 system and was transfected into HEK293 cells for packaging and amplification. Infection efficiency and expression intensity were observed in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons infected with Ad-PTEN in vitro. Results revealed a cytopathic effect in green fluorescent protein expression, which increased with prolonged time. After three cycles of amplification, the adenovirus titer was increased to an adequate titer for infecting hippocampal neurons. The entire process typically requires 4-5 weeks for completion. Results suggested that recombinant defective adenovirus vector carrying the PTEN gene was successfully and rapidly constructed using the AdEasy system.

Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha gene expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression

To examine phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expressions and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expression in the patients with human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.Methods The expression of PTEN,HIF-1 alpha gene was detected by using in situ hybridization,and the VEGF expression levels by immunohistochemistry in colorectal adenomas and primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.Results Strong expression of HIF-1 alpha was detectable in the majority of colorectal dadenocarcinoma,particularly surrounding areas of necrosis in adenocarcinoma.PTEN,HIF-1 alpha mRNA and VEGF protein were positive in 51.6%,67.7% and 59.7% respectively in 62 cases of adenocarcinomas,and 77.8%,44.4% and 33.3% respectively in 18 cases of adenomas.The positive rate of VEGF was higher in the patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas than that in those with adenomas,whereas that of PTEN mRNA was contrary.HIF-1 mRNA expression was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,Duke’s stage and recurrence.During colorectal tumor progression,the expression of HIF-1 alpha mRNA was positively correlated with the VEGF protein expression (χ2= 4.751 ,P<0.05),but negatively with the PTEN mRNA expression(χ2=21.84,P<0.01).Conclusion The absence or low expression of PTEN and the increased levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may paly an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.These results suggest that VEGF upregulated by HIF-1 alpha gene may be involved in angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.4 refs,1 tab.

急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平与病情严重程度及预后的关系

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者血清CXC趋化因子配体1(CXCL1)、第10染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶张力蛋白基因(PTEN)mRNA水平与病情严重程度及预后的关系。方法将2022年3月至2023年3月该院收治的102例急性脑梗死患者纳入研究作为试验组,另选取同期于该院进行体检的85例健康者作为对照组。收集纳入研究者的空腹静脉血血清标本。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清CXCL1水平。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)检测血清PTEN mRNA相对表达水平(下称水平)。根据美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分将试验组患者分神经功能缺损程度不同的3组(重症组、中度组、轻度组),比较3组血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平。根据计算机断层扫描(CT)或磁共振成像(MRI)评估脑梗死体积,将试验组患者分为小型梗死组、中型梗死组和大型梗死组,比较3组血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平。根据改良Rankin量表(mRS)将试验组患者分为预后良好组和预后不良组,比较2组患者血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平。采用Pearson相关分析急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平的相关性。采用多因素Logistics回归分析影响急性脑梗死患者预后的因素。结果试验组有糖尿病史、高血压史者占比及血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着神经功能缺损程度的增加,血清CXCL1水平、PTEN mRNA水平均增加,重症组、中度组、轻度组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随着梗死面积增加,血清中CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平均增加,小型梗死组、中型梗死组和大型梗死组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组有糖尿病史者占比、有高血压史者占比及血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平均高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL1水平和PTEN mRNA水平呈正相关(r=0.479,P<0.001)。血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平及糖尿病史、高血压史均为急性脑梗死患者预后的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论急性脑梗死患者血清CXCL1、PTEN mRNA水平升高,可用于评估患者病情程度和预后。

食管黏膜上皮癌变过程中与细胞骨架蛋白tensin同源的磷酸酯酶基因的表达及意义

目的探讨与细胞骨架蛋白tensin同源的磷酸酯酶基因(PTEN)在食管黏膜上皮癌变过程中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测20例正常食管黏膜、20例食管上皮非典型增生、24例原位癌、44例食管鳞癌组织中PTEN表达情况,并探讨PTEN与食管鳞癌病理分级的关系。结果正常食管黏膜、非典型增生、原位癌及食管鳞癌组织中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率分别为100%、85.00%、70.83%和45.45%,原位癌、食管鳞癌组织中PTEN蛋白阳性率低于正常食管黏膜(P<0.05),食管鳞癌组织中PTEN蛋白阳性率低于原位癌和食管上皮非典型增生组织(P<0.05)。高分化、中分化及低分化食管鳞癌组织中在患者中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率分别为75.00%(15/20)、21.43%(3/14)、20.00%(2/10),高分化食管鳞癌组织中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率显著高于中分化和低分化食管鳞癌组织中(P<0.05),中分化和低分化食管鳞癌组织中PTEN蛋白阳性表达率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论PTEN表达降低可能与食管鳞状上皮癌变有关,并可能在食管癌早期形成与发展中起有重要的作用。

MiR-200a and miR-200b target PTEN to regulate the endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro

Objective:To study whether miR-200a and miR-200b target PTEN gene expression to regulate the endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro. Methods:Endometrial cancer cells ECC-1 were cultured and transfected with the miR-200a and miR-200b mimics and inhibitors as well as the negative control mimics and inhibitors,and then the cell proliferation activity as well as the expression of PTEN and downstream genes in cells was determined; after transfection of miR-200a and miR-200b mimics as well as PTEN-3'UTR luciferase report gene plasmids,the fluorescence activity of luciferase reporter gene was determined. Results:12 h,24 h and 48 h after transfection,the cell proliferation activity of miR-200a mimics group and miR-200b mimics group were significantly higher than those of NC mimics group while the cell proliferation activity of mi R-200 a inhibitor group and miR-200b inhibitor group were significantly lower than those of NC inhibitor group; 48 h after transfection,PTEN expression in cells and PTEN-3'UTR luciferase reporter gene fluorescence activity of miR-200 a mimics group and miR-200b mimics group were significantly lower than those of NC mimics group while p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were significantly higher than those of NC mimics group; PTEN expression in cells and PTEN-3'UTR luciferase reporter gene fluorescence activity of miR-200 inhibitor group and miR-200b inhibitor group were significantly higher than those of NC inhibitor group while p-PI3K and p-Akt expression were significantly lower than those of NC inhibitor group. Conclusion:miR-200 a and miR-200b can promote the endometrial cancer cell growth in vitro by targeted inhibition of PTEN gene expression.

Upregulated DJ-1 Promotes Renal Tubular EMT by Suppressing Cytoplasmic PTEN Expression and Akt Activation

Recently,phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10（PTEN） is suggested as a new agent in the fighting against fibrogenesis.In tumor,DJ-1 is identified as a negative regulator of PTEN.But the expression of DJ-1 and the regulation of PTEN in fibrosis are unclear.Renal fibrosis was induced in 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy rat model.Human proximal tubular epithelial cells（HKC） were treated with transforming growth factor-beta 1（TGF-β1）,or transfected with DJ-1 or PTEN.Confocal microscope was used to investigate the localization of DJ-1 and PTEN.The selective phosphoinositide-3 kinase（PI3K） inhibitor,LY294002,was administered to inhibit PI3K pathway.The DJ-1 and PTEN expression,markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition（EMT） and Akt phosphorylation were measured by RT-PCR,Western blotting or immunocytochemistry.In vitro,after HKC cells were stimulated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 for 72 h,the expression of DJ-1 was increased,and that of PTEN was decreased.In vivo,the same results were identified in 5/6-nephrectomized rats.In normal HKC cells,most of DJ-1 protein localized in cytoplasm,and little in nucleus.TGF-β1 upregulated DJ-1 expression in both cytoplasma and nuclei.In contrary,TGF-β1 emptied cytoplasmic PTEN protein into nucleus.Overexpression of DJ-1 decreased the expression of PTEN,promoted the activation of Akt and the expression of vimentin,and also led to the loss of cytoplasmic PTEN.Contrarily,overexpression of PTEN protected HKC cells from TGF-β1-induced EMT.In conclusion,DJ-1 is upregulated in renal fibrosis and DJ-1 mediates EMT by suppressing cytoplasmic PTEN expression and Akt activation.

MiR-106b-5p Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-induced Apoptosis by Targeting Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog Deleted on Chromosome 10 in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Background： Apoptosis of endothelial cells （ECs） plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis and there are also evidence indicated that phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 （PTEN） is a viable target in therapeutic approaches to prevent vascular ECs apoptosis. Aberrant miR-106b-5p expression has been reported in the plasma of patients with unstable atherosclerotic plaques. However, the role and underlying mechanism of miR-106-5p in the genesis of atherosclerosis have not been addressed. In this study, we explored the anti-apoptotic role of miR-106-5p by regulating PTEN expression in vascular ECs. Methods： Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was performed to detect the expression levels of miR-106b-5p in human atherosclerotic plaques and normal vascular tissues. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVEC） were transfected with miR-106b-5p mimic or negative control mimic, and apoptosis was induced by serum starvation and tumor necrosis factor-α （TN F-α） treat. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR experiments were used to detect PTEN expression levels and TN F-α-induced apoptosis was evaluated by the activation of caspase-3 and cell DNA fragmentation levels in HUVEC. Results： The expression ofmiR-106b-5p was significantly downregulated in plaques than in normal vascular tissues. TNF-α significantly downregulated miR-106b-5p expression levels and upregulated activation of caspase-3 and cell DNA fragmentation levels in HUVEC. Overexpression ofmiR-106b-5p with miR-106b-5p mimic inhibited PTEN expression and TNF-α-induced apoptosis in HUVEC. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-106b-5p binds to PTEN mRNA 3＇ untranslated region site, Conclusion： MiR-106b-5p could inhibit the expression of PTEN in vascular ECs, which could block TNF-α-induced activation of caspase-3, thus prevent ECs apoptosis in atherosclerosis diseases.

PTEN and Ki67 expression is associated with clinicopathologic features of non-small cell lung cancer

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10（PTEN） and the proliferating antigen Ki67 have been widely studied in several tumors.However,their role as indicator in non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）remains unknown.Here,we investigated the expression of PTEN and Ki67 in NSCLC tissues and paired normal lung tissues to identify whether these proteins are associated with lung cancer development and survival.Immunohistochemistry for PTEN and Ki67 was performed on 67 lung cancer tissues and 41 paired adjacent normal lung tissues to detect the expression of these two proteins.The expression of PTEN in NSCLC tissues（32.8%） was significantly lower than that in normal tissues（82.9%,P 〈 0.05）.In contrast,the expression of Ki67 in NSCLC tissues（76.1%） was significantly higher than that in normal tissues（27.3%,P 〈 0.05）.Expression of both PTEN and Ki67 were strongly associated with tumor histology,clinical stage,lymph node metastasis,differentiation and4-year postoperative survival rate（P 〈 0.05）.However,PTEN expression was negatively correlated with Ki67 expression（r =-0.279,P 〈 0.05）.In conclusion,low PTEN expression and Ki67 overexpression are associated with malignant invasion and lymph node metastasis of NSCLC.These proteins may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of NSCLC.

Colonic manifestations of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: Case series and systematic review

AIM:To investigate our clinical experience with the colonic manifestations of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome ten(PTEN)hamartoma tumor syndrome(PHTS)and to perform a systematic literature review regarding the same.METHODS:This study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board prior to initiation.A clinical genetics database was searched for patients with PHTS or a component syndrome that received gastrointestinal endoscopy or pathology interpretation at our center.These patient’s records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics(including family history and genetic testing),endoscopy results and pathology findings.We also performed a systematic review of the literature for case series of PHTS or component syndromes that reported gastrointestinal manifestations and investigations published after consensus diagnostic criteria were established in 1996.These results were compiled and reported.RESULTS:Eight patients from our institution met initial inclusion criteria.Of these,5 patients underwent4.2 colonoscopies at mean age 45.8±10.8 years.All were found to have colon polyps during their clinical course and polyp histology included adenoma,hyperplastic,ganglioneuroma and juvenile.No malignant lesions were identified.Two had multiple histologic types.One patient underwent colectomy due to innumerable polyps and concern for future malignant potential.Systematic literature review of PHTS patients undergoing endoscopy revealed 107 patients receiving colonoscopy at mean age 37.4 years.Colon polyps were noted in92.5%and multiple colon polyp histologies were reported in 53.6%.Common polyp histologies included hyperplastic(43.6%),adenoma(40.4%),hamartoma(38.3%),ganglioneuroma(33%)and inflammatory(24.5%)polyps.Twelve(11.2%)patients had colorectal cancer at mean age 46.7 years(range 35-62).Clinical outcomes secondary to colon polyposis and malignancy were not commonly reported.CONCLUSION:PHTS has a high prevalence of colon polyposis with multiple histologic types.It should be considered a mixed polyposis syndrome.Systematic review found an increased prevalence of colorectal cancer and we recommend initiating colonoscopy for colorectal cancer surveillance at age 35 years.

miR-21通过PTEN/AKT/TFEB通路对心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化的影响

目的:探讨microRNA-21(miR-21)对心肌梗死诱导的心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化的影响机制。方法:SD大鼠采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支法建立心肌梗死模型,造模成功后分为模型组、重组腺相关病毒血清型9(rAAV9)-NC组、rAAV9-anti-miR-21组、rAAV9-anti-miR-21+BpV组,每组12只;另取12只大鼠作为假手术组。rAAV9-anti-miR-21组、rAAV9-NC组分别尾静脉注射含miR-21 antagomir及其阴性对照的腺病毒进行干预,rAAV9-anti-miR-21+BpV组大鼠尾静脉注射rAAV9-anti-miR-21的同时以0.2 mg/kg腹腔注射磷酸酶-张力蛋白同源物基因(PTEN)抑制剂BpV,假手术组和模型组经腹腔和尾静脉注射等体积的生理盐水,每日1次,连续干预2周。经胸超声心动图检测大鼠左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)和左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD),并计算左心室射血分数(LVEF)和短轴缩短分数(FS);酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清氨基末端脑钠尿肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平;取左心室并称重,计算左心室质量指数(LVMI);马松(Masson)染色观察心肌组织病理变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)检测左心室组织miR-21、PTEN、CollagenⅠ和CollagenⅢ表达水平;透射电子显微镜观察心肌组织自噬情况;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western Blot)检测左心室组织自噬和PTEN/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/转录因子EB(TFEB)通路相关蛋白表达。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD、血清NT-proBNP水平、LVMI、心肌胶原体积分数(CVF)、miR-21和CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ的mRNA水平以及p62蛋白水平、p-AKT/AKT比值升高,LVEF、FS、PTEN的mRNA和蛋白水平、自噬空泡的数量以及LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin-1、TFEB蛋白水平下降(P<0.05);与模型组比较,rAAV9-anti-miR-21组大鼠LVEDD、LVESD、血清NT-proBNP水平、LVMI、CVF、miR-21和CollagenⅠ、CollagenⅢ的mRNA水平、p62蛋白水平、p-AKT/AKT比值下降,LVEF、FS、PTEN的mRNA和蛋白水平、自噬空泡的数量以及LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ、Beclin-1、TFEB蛋白水平升高(P<0.05);而敲低miR-21基础上应用PTEN抑制剂下调PTEN表达可降低自噬,减弱敲低miR-21对心力衰竭大鼠心肌纤维化的抑制作用。结论:miR-21在心肌梗死后心力衰竭大鼠模型中的高表达可能通过下调PTEN、激活AKT、抑制TFEB的核易位,进而抑制自噬,促进心肌纤维化。

二甲双胍对体外子宫内膜癌细胞COX-2、VEGF和PTEN表达的影响

目的探讨二甲双胍在体外对人子宫内膜癌细胞环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和张力蛋白同源第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶(PTEN)蛋白表达的影响。方法按照二甲双胍干预药物浓度的不同,将细胞实验分为实验组(0.01 mmol/L组,0.1 mmol/L组,1 mmol/L组,10 mmol/L组)和对照组(0 mmol/L组),分别干预4种人子宫内膜癌Ishikawa、RL-952、HEC-1A和KLE细胞相同时间后,采用ELISA法检测内膜癌细胞中COX-2和VEGF表达的变化,Western blotting法检测内膜癌细胞中PTEN蛋白的表达情况。结果Ishikawa和RL-952细胞中4个实验组相对于对照组COX-2和VEGF的表达均随着二甲双胍浓度的增加呈明显下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);HEC-1A和KLE细胞中4个实验组相对于对照组COX-2的表达均随着二甲双胍浓度的增加呈下降趋势,但是仅有HEC-1A细胞中10 mmol/L组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余实验组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);HEC-1A和KLE细胞中4个实验组相对于对照组VEGF的表达均随着二甲双胍浓度的增加呈明显下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Western blotting法检测显示二甲双胍能够促进子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞中PTEN蛋白的表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而对RL-952、HEC-1A和KLE细胞中PTEN蛋白的表达无影响(P>0.05)。结论二甲双胍可能通过抑制子宫内膜癌细胞中COX-2与VEGF的表达来实现其部分的抗肿瘤作用。

幽门螺杆菌感染的胃癌组织中miR-214和PTEN的表达及意义

目的研究miR-214和磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源物(PTEN)在幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染的胃癌组织中的表达及意义。方法选取2016年6月—2019年6月在徐州市第一人民医院接受治疗的HP感染的胃癌患者66例为研究对象。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)法检测胃癌组织和癌旁组织中miR-214水平。采用免疫组化法测定胃癌组织和癌旁组织中PTEN表达水平。分析miR-214和PTEN表达水平与胃癌患者临床病理特征的关系。术后随访,探究miR-214和PTEN表达水平与患者预后的关系。结果与癌旁组织相比,胃癌组织miR-214表达水平较高(P<0.05),PTEN阳性表达率较低(P<0.05)。miR-214、PTEN与TNM分期、有无远处转移有关(P<0.05),与年龄、性别、肿瘤直径无关(P>0.05)。miR-214与PTEN呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。miR-214高表达胃癌患者平均生存时间显著短于miR-214低表达胃癌患者(P<0.05),PTEN阴性胃癌患者平均生存时间显著短于PTEN阳性胃癌患者(P<0.05)。结论HP感染的胃癌组织中miR-214呈高表达,PTEN阳性表达率低,miR-214和PTEN表达与HP感染的胃癌患者预后情况密切相关。

PTEN与动脉粥样硬化

人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)基因作为一种抑癌基因,在调控肿瘤方面的作用广为人知。近年来研究发现,PTEN除了在肿瘤防治上发挥作用外,还能通过抑制炎症、氧化应激的发展来减缓动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis,AS)的进程。同时,PTEN蛋白能够抑制AS中血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs)的异常增殖,以及调控巨噬细胞极化的方向、改变巨噬细胞表面清道夫受体的类型来抗AS。而PTEN对于血管内皮细胞(vascular endothelial cells,VECs)的调控则具有双重性。文章对PTEN的结构、功能与发挥的调控作用做一简要综述,以期为AS防治的基础研究提供新的思路和靶点。

间充质干细胞外泌体对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经功能恢复的影响

目的探讨间充质干细胞外泌体(MSCs-EXO)对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经功能恢复的影响。方法大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞原代培养,超速离心法提取其MSCs-EXO,大脑中动脉夹闭模型(MCAO)法制作大鼠缺血性脑卒中模型,MSCs-EXO经鼻给药,设为MSCs-EXO组,通过改良神经功能缺损评分(mNSS)和错步试验评估其神经功能恢复情况,并与未治疗模型组(MCAO组)做对比。PKH26标记MSCs-EXO并结合免疫荧光染色观察其在缺血半暗带(IP)中的分布,荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测IP区域脑组织中PTEN的表达水平,并与正常大鼠及MCAO组大鼠进行对比。结果MSCs-EXO治疗组的神经功能恢复高于MCAO组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。免疫荧光染色显示标记外泌体可以进入IP区域神经细胞,荧光定量PCR及Western blot检测显示MSCs-EXO治疗组及MCAO组中PTEN水平均较正常升高,但MSCs-EXO治疗组的PTEN水平低于MCAO组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MSCs-EXO能够促进缺血性脑卒中大鼠的神经功能恢复,这可能与其下调IP区域PTEN表达水平相关。

PTEN基因转染对粘液表皮样癌细胞系M_3SP_2增殖的抑制作用

目的 :观察外源磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物 (PTEN)抑癌基因对高转移性粘液表皮样癌细胞系M3 SP2 体外生长的影响。方法 :应用脂质体介导方法将野生型PTEN基因导入M3 SP2 细胞 ,通过活细胞观察、细胞生长曲线、分裂指数和克隆形成率了解细胞生长状态。结果 :与亲本细胞比较 ,PTEN基因转染细胞数量减少、排列松散 ,部分细胞发生变性或崩解 ;细胞生长缓慢 ,分裂指数显著减至 16 2‰ (P <0 0 1) ,细胞群体倍增时间明显延长 (31 74h) ,细胞生长抑制率达 5 7 0 5 %～ 71 46 % (P <0 0 0 1) ;细胞克隆形成率为 10 40 %～ 14 93% ,克隆形成抑制率高达 6 5 %～ 72 %(P <0 0 1)。结论 :外源野生型PTEN抑癌基因能显著抑制高转移性粘液表皮样癌细胞系M3 SP2

二氢杨梅素通过抑制甲基转移酶诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞PTEN基因去甲基化

目的观察二氢杨梅素对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源基因(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)甲基化及其表达的影响,并探讨相关作用机制。方法以CCK-8法检测细胞活力,qRT-PCR检测PTEN和DNA甲基转移酶(DNA methyltransferase,DNMT)DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b的mRNA表达,Western blot法检测PTEN的蛋白表达,荧光法检测细胞DNA甲基转移酶总活性,甲基化特异性PCR法(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)检测PTEN基因甲基化水平。结果细胞活力检测结果表明,二氢杨梅素可剂量依赖性降低乳腺癌MCF-7细胞活力(P<0.05);qRT-PCR和Western blot检测结果表明,二氢杨梅素可显著上调PTEN的表达(P<0.05),并呈现剂量-效应关系;MSP检测结果显示,二氢杨梅素可显著诱导MCF-7细胞PTEN基因去甲基化;qRT-PCR和荧光法检测结果显示,二氢杨梅素可显著降低MCF-7细胞DNMT1表达和DNMT活性(P<0.05)。结论二氢杨梅素显著诱导乳腺癌细胞PTEN基因去甲基化,促进其表达,其机制可能主要涉及对DNMT1表达和活性的抑制。

肝癌组织中FN和PTEN的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨抑癌基因纤黏连蛋白(fibronectin,FN)、张力蛋白同源基因蛋白(phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)在肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法:收集215例HCC、癌旁组织和19例正常肝组织,用RT-PCR、Western blot、免疫组化SP法检测FN、PTEN m RNA和蛋白表达,分析FN和PTEN表达与HCC临床病理特征的关系。结果:肝癌组织中FN m RNA和蛋白表达均明显高于癌旁组织及正常肝组织(F=142.334,P=0.000);而PTEN低于癌旁组织及正常肝组织,且在癌旁组织中的表达亦明显低于正常肝组织(F=80.861,P=0.000)。FN表达阳性患者组较阴性患者组生存时间短;而PTEN表达阳性患者较阴性患者生存时间长,且在1年以后两者生存期有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:HCC癌组织中FN、PTEN在肝癌组织中存在异常表达,两者异常表达可能在肝癌的发生发展、侵袭转移中起一定的促进或抑制作用。

PTEN在CCl_4诱导肝纤维化大鼠模型中的作用及益气活血方对其的影响

目的探讨第10号染色体缺失性磷酸酶张力蛋白同原物基因(PTEN)在CCl_4诱导肝纤维化大鼠模型中的作用,阐明益气活血方调节PTEN阻止肝纤维化的分子机制。方法选用27只Wistar雄性大鼠,随机分为3组,每组9只。其中肝纤维化组以CCl_4诱导建立肝纤维化模型;益气活血方组在CCl_4造模同时自拟以黄芪、丹参、云苓等中药为主的益气活血方进行干预实验;对照组以橄榄油腹腔注射。HE染色、Masson染色及胶原(Col1A1和Col4)免疫组化染色观察不同组别大鼠肝纤维化及胶原沉积程度;qRT-PCR、免疫组化及Western Blot检测TGFβ1、PTEN及其下游基因AKT、mTOR及p70S6K表达。计量资料多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果肝纤维化组大鼠肝组织病理学可见窦周纤维化、汇管区纤维组织增生及胶原沉积、纤维间隔形成,伴随促肝纤维化基因TGFβ1 mRNA及蛋白表达上调,PTEN表达下调,而PTEN下游信号因子AKT、mTOR、p70S6K mRNA及磷酸化蛋白表达上调,与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。应用益气活血方组大鼠肝纤维化显著改善,PTEN表达较肝纤维化组明显增加(P<0.01),TGFβ1 mRNA及蛋白表达明显抑制(P值均<0.05),AKT、mTOR及p70S6K的mRNA及磷酸化蛋白表达较肝纤维化组明显减少(P值均<0.05)。结论益气活血方可能通过调节PTEN及其下游信号因子的表达,阻止及逆转肝纤维化。

PTEN蛋白缺失与中国前列腺癌患者根治术后生化复发风险关系的研究

背景与目的:张力蛋白同源第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10,PTEN)缺失是西方国家前列腺癌中最常见的基因异常之一,与肿瘤的进展、预后均有一定相关性。鉴于前列腺癌的异质性,不同地区、人群间其基因表达谱存在广泛差异,本研究主要探讨PTEN蛋白缺失在中国前列腺癌患者中的发生率以及与生化复发的相关性。方法:选取2006—2011年225例局限性前列腺癌并采取根治切除术的患者为研究对象,回顾性收集所有患者的临床病理资料,包括确诊时年龄、血清前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)值、Gleason分级评分、TNM分期、手术切缘和术后生化复发与否及时间。将225例局限性前列腺癌根治切除标本的肿瘤组织及癌旁组织制成组织芯片(tissue microarray,TMA),采用免疫组织化学技术检测PTEN蛋白在肿瘤及癌旁组织中的表达。采用χ2检验分析前列腺癌组织中PTEN蛋白缺失与患者临床病理特征的相关性。运用Kaplan-Meier生存分析模型、Cox比例风险模型分析PTEN蛋白缺失及患者临床病理特征与生化复发的关系。结果:前列腺癌患者中PTEN蛋白缺失率为15%(33/217),且存在PTEN蛋白缺失的前列腺癌患者其确诊时血清PSA值(P=0.030)及年龄(P=0.009)要显著高于PTEN表达的前列腺癌患者。单因素生存分析显示,PTEN表达情况(P=0.013 1)、确诊时血清PSA值(P=0.000 4)和Gleason分级评分(P=0.019 8)与前列腺癌患者的生化复发相关。Cox多因素分析结果表明,PTEN蛋白表达情况(HR=0.536,P=0.044)、确诊时血清PSA值(HR=1.879,P=0.001)和Gleason分级评分(HR=1.361,P=0.030)为前列腺癌患者生化复发的独立预后因素。结论:PTEN蛋白表达情况是局限性前列腺癌患者根治术后生化复发的独立预后因素,检测PTEN蛋白有望改善根治术后前列腺癌患者的管理及指导进一步治疗。