A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hyd...A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hydroxide:magnesium oxide:boric acid=300:70:60:9:8.Adding 10%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution during the sand mixture process can significantly improve the 24 h tensile strength of sand samples.When adding 30 g phosphate binder and 8 g 10%PVA solution,the initial tensile strength of the sample is 0.76 MPa,the room temperature tensile strength is 2.29 MPa,and the 24 h tensile strength is 1.73 MPa.The heat-curing modified phosphate sand mold has high tensile strength and low gas generation,which can meet general casting production requirements.展开更多
Non-absorbed macromolecular binders as sequestrants for phosphate ions offer an effective approach to treat hyperphosphatemia in ESRD （end-stage renal disease） patients. RenaGel has been an example with remarkable s...Non-absorbed macromolecular binders as sequestrants for phosphate ions offer an effective approach to treat hyperphosphatemia in ESRD （end-stage renal disease） patients. RenaGel has been an example with remarkable success of a polymer synthesized to prevent the absorption of dietary phosphate for ESRD patients. Electrostatic interaction is the primary driving force for complexation of phosphate-based anions with these amino groups in the polymer backbone. Chitosan is a deacetylation product of chitin, which is the structural element in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. The amino groups in the backbone give the phosphate binding ability to chitosan. This article has demonstrated that chitosan exhibited a phosphate binding effect indeed. Thus, it has potential applications in environmental management and wastewater treatment, as well as treatment of hyperphosphatemia patients.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease （CKD） patients are endangered with the highest mortality rate compared to other chronic diseases. Cardiovascular events account for up to 60% of the fatalities. Cardiovascular calcifcations af...Chronic kidney disease （CKD） patients are endangered with the highest mortality rate compared to other chronic diseases. Cardiovascular events account for up to 60% of the fatalities. Cardiovascular calcifcations affect most of the CKD patients. Most of this calcification is related to disturbed renal phosphate handling. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and klotho defciency were incriminated in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification through different mechanisms including their effects on endothelium and arterial wall smooth muscle cells. In addition, deficient klotho gene expression, a constant feature of CKD, pro-motes vascular pathology and shares in progression of the CKD. The role of gut in the etio-pathogenesis of systemic infammation and vascular calcifcation is a newly discovered mechanism. This review will cover the medical history, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical relevance, different tools used to diagnose, the ideal timing to prevent or to withhold the progression of vascular cal-cification and the different medications and medical procedures that can help to prolong the survival of CKD patients.展开更多
Systemic infammation is a recognized feature in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. The role of systemic infammation in the pathogenesis of vascular calcifcation was recently settled. FGF23 was recently accused as a direc...Systemic infammation is a recognized feature in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. The role of systemic infammation in the pathogenesis of vascular calcifcation was recently settled. FGF23 was recently accused as a direct stimulus of systemic inflammation. This finding explains the strong association of FGF23 to vascular calcifcation and increased mortality among CKD.展开更多
文摘A type of heat-curing phosphate binder was proposed,and orthogonal experiments based on the tensile strength of sand samples determined that the optimal composition of the binder was phosphoric acid:water:aluminum hydroxide:magnesium oxide:boric acid=300:70:60:9:8.Adding 10%polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)solution during the sand mixture process can significantly improve the 24 h tensile strength of sand samples.When adding 30 g phosphate binder and 8 g 10%PVA solution,the initial tensile strength of the sample is 0.76 MPa,the room temperature tensile strength is 2.29 MPa,and the 24 h tensile strength is 1.73 MPa.The heat-curing modified phosphate sand mold has high tensile strength and low gas generation,which can meet general casting production requirements.
文摘Non-absorbed macromolecular binders as sequestrants for phosphate ions offer an effective approach to treat hyperphosphatemia in ESRD （end-stage renal disease） patients. RenaGel has been an example with remarkable success of a polymer synthesized to prevent the absorption of dietary phosphate for ESRD patients. Electrostatic interaction is the primary driving force for complexation of phosphate-based anions with these amino groups in the polymer backbone. Chitosan is a deacetylation product of chitin, which is the structural element in the exoskeleton of crustaceans and cell walls of fungi. The amino groups in the backbone give the phosphate binding ability to chitosan. This article has demonstrated that chitosan exhibited a phosphate binding effect indeed. Thus, it has potential applications in environmental management and wastewater treatment, as well as treatment of hyperphosphatemia patients.
文摘Chronic kidney disease （CKD） patients are endangered with the highest mortality rate compared to other chronic diseases. Cardiovascular events account for up to 60% of the fatalities. Cardiovascular calcifcations affect most of the CKD patients. Most of this calcification is related to disturbed renal phosphate handling. Fibroblast growth factor 23 and klotho defciency were incriminated in the pathogenesis of vascular calcification through different mechanisms including their effects on endothelium and arterial wall smooth muscle cells. In addition, deficient klotho gene expression, a constant feature of CKD, pro-motes vascular pathology and shares in progression of the CKD. The role of gut in the etio-pathogenesis of systemic infammation and vascular calcifcation is a newly discovered mechanism. This review will cover the medical history, prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical relevance, different tools used to diagnose, the ideal timing to prevent or to withhold the progression of vascular cal-cification and the different medications and medical procedures that can help to prolong the survival of CKD patients.
文摘Systemic infammation is a recognized feature in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. The role of systemic infammation in the pathogenesis of vascular calcifcation was recently settled. FGF23 was recently accused as a direct stimulus of systemic inflammation. This finding explains the strong association of FGF23 to vascular calcifcation and increased mortality among CKD.
