Effects of Phosphate Adsorption on Adsorption-Desorption and Availability of Cu and Zn Ions in Ultisols and Alfisols

Surface charge, secondary adsorption- desorption and form distribution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in Ultisols and Alfisols having adsorbed phosphate were studied by potentiometric titration, adsorption equilibrium and sequential extraction method, respectively. The soil surface negative charges increased whereas the amount of positive charges decreased with increase of P adsorbed. The soil secondary adsorption capacity for Cu2+ and Zn2+ was positively significantly correlated with the amount of P adsorbed by the soils, which could be described by the Langmuir equation. The amounts of Cu2+ and Zn2+ desorption from soils were decreased after P adsorption by the soils and the relationship between them was linear. After the soils adsorbed P, form distribution of Cu2+ and Zn2+ in soils changed remarforbly.

Effects of phosphate on the adsorption of glyphosate on three different types of Chinese soils

Glyphosate （GPS） is a non-selective, post-mergence herbicide that is widely used throughout the world. Due to the similar molecular structures of glyphosate and phosphate, adsorption of glyphosate on soil is easily affected by coexisting phosphate, especially when phosphate is applied at a significant rate in farmland. This paper studied the effects of phosphate on the adsorption of glyphosate on three different types of Chinese soils including two variable charge soils and one permanent charge soil. The results indicated that Freundlich equations used to simulate glyphosate adsorption isotherms gave high correlation coefficients（0.990-0.998） with K values of 2751, 2451 and 166 for the zhuanhong soil（ZH soil, Laterite）, red soil（ RS, Udic Ferrisol） and Wushan paddy soil（WS soil, Anthrosol）, respectively. The more the soil iron and aluminum oxides and clay contained, the more glyphosate adsorbed. The presence of phosphate significantly decreased the adsorption of glyphosate to the soils by competing with glyphosate for adsorption sites of soils. Meanwhile, the effects of phosphate on adsorption of glyphosate on the two variable charge soils were more significant than that on the permanent charge soil. When phosphate and glyphosate were added in the soils in different orders, the adsorption quantities of glyphosate on the soils were different, which followed GPS-soil 〉 GPS-P-soil = GPS-Soil-P 〉 P-soil-GPS, meaning a complex interaction occurred among glyphosate, phosphate and the soils.

Adsorption of Phosphate on Variable Charge Soils

The study about the adsorption of phosphate on four variable charge soils and some minerals revealed that two stage adsorption appeared in the adsorption isothems of phosphate on 4 soils and there was a maximum adsorption on Al-oxide-typed surfaces between pH 3.5 to pH 5.5 as suspension pH changed from 2 to 9,but the adsorption amount of phosphate decreased continually as pH rose on Fe-oxide typed surfaces.The adsorption amount of phosphate and the maximum phosphate adsorption pH decreased in the order of yellow-red soil> lateritic red soil> red soil> paddy soil,which was coincided with the content order of amorphous Al oxide.The removement of organic matter and Fe oxide made the maximum phosphate adsorption pH rise from 4.0 to 5.0 and 4.5,respectively.The desorption curves with pH of four soils showed that phosphate desorbed least at pH 5.Generally the desorption was contrary to the adsorption with pH changing.There was a good accordance between adsorption or desorption and the concentration of Al in the suspension.The possible mechanisms of phosphate adsorption are discussed.

Impact of crystalline and amorphous iron-and aluminum hydroxides on mechanisms of phosphate adsorption and desorption

Fourier-transform infrared（FT-IR） spectroscopic experiments were carried out during phosphate adsorption on highly crystalline gibbsite, poorly crystalline 2-line-ferrihydrite and amorphous iron–aluminum–hydroxide mixtures in the molar ratio 1：0, 10：1, 5：1, 1：1, 1：5, 1：10 and 0：1. The OH stretching vibrational bands were utilized to analyze changes in structural and surface OH groups during adsorption, because the position of characteristic P／O vibrational bands can shift depending on reaction conditions, pH or adsorbed phosphate content.Adsorption and desorption kinetics were studied at pH6 and different initial phosphate concentrations to achieve varying phosphate coverage on the mineral surfaces. For gibbsite the formation of AlHPO4 and Al2HPO4 can be assumed, while for ferrihydrite, a FeHPO4 or Fe2PO4 complex and the precipitation of FePO4 with longer equilibration time were proposed.Fe2HPO4 or a Fe2PO4 surface complex was deduced for Fe-hydroxides, an AlH2PO4 surface complex was identified for Al-hydroxide, and both displayed either hydrogen bonds to neighboring hydroxyl groups or hydrogen bonds to outer-sphere complexes. Fe：Al-hydroxide mixtures with high Al ratios showed a low phosphate desorption rate, while ferrihydrite and the Fe：Al-hydroxide mixtures with high Fe ratios had almost negligible desorption rates. It was concluded that within the weakly associated amorphous FeO（OH） materials, FePO4 precipitated, which was bound by outer-sphere hydrogen bonds. With high Al ratios, desorption increased, which indicated weaker phosphate binding of both inner-sphere and outer-sphere complexes and hence, either no or minor quantities of precipitate. Ferrihydrite showed a more rigid structure and a lower extent of precipitation compared to amorphous Fe-hydroxide.

磷酸/磷酸酯基功能材料的制备及提铀性能研究

针对硝酸体系低浓度铀的吸附问题,以氯甲基化苯乙烯-二乙烯苯共聚物为骨架,以三氯化磷为功能化试剂,通过傅克烷基化反应及淬灭-水解/醇解反应,将长链羟基及烷基接枝到树脂上,从而得到分别含有磷酸和磷酸酯基功能基团的提铀树脂。通过红外光谱、元素分析、热重分析,对树脂进行了结构表征;在树脂制备过程中,考察了不同工艺参数对树脂含磷量及铀吸附性能的影响,确定了树脂合成的最优工艺参数。通过静态试验考察了pH、平衡铀浓度、吸附时间对树脂材料吸铀性能的影响,并进行了解吸剂的筛选和树脂重复使用性能的验证。结果表明:制备的磷酸酯基提铀树脂对于模拟溶液(1 mol/L HNO_(3)+1 mol/L NaNO_(3))中的低浓度铀(<20 mg/L)具有较好的吸附效果,该树脂对铀的饱和吸附容量为21.9 mg/g干树脂,吸附后残余尾液中的铀质量浓度<0.05 mg/L;以0.4 mol/L NaHCO_(3)与0.1 mol/L Na_(2)CO_(3)作为复合解吸剂,铀的解吸率为98.3%。制备的磷酸酯基提铀树脂可用于酸性硝酸体系中低浓度铀的吸附分离。

电场辅助α-磷酸锆/氧化石墨烯复合材料吸附Sr^(2+)

采用水热法制备了α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)/氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、EDX、FTIR和XPS对其进行了表征,并将其制成电极,考察了其在电场辅助下对Sr^(2+)的吸附性能。表征结果显示,纳米片状的α-ZrP在具有大比表面积的GO表面生长,团聚现象减少。实验结果表明:在α-ZrP与GO质量比9∶1、外加电压1.2 V、溶液pH 7.0的条件下,采用α-ZrP/GO吸附50 mg/L SrCl2溶液120 min,Sr^(2+)吸附量可达45.28 mg/g,高于纯α-ZrP和GO,约为无电场吸附时的2倍;α-ZrP/GO具有良好的稳定性,可循环使用,5次循环后的Sr^(2+)吸附量仍保持原吸附量的88%;α-ZrP/GO对Sr^(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附过程以离子交换反应的化学吸附为主,存在单层吸附。

Competitive adsorption and desorption of copper and lead in some soil of North China

The competitive adsorption and desorption of Pb（II） and Cu（II） ions in the soil of three sites in North China were investigated using single and binary metal solutions with 0.01 tool. L^-1 CaC12 as background electrolyte. The desorption isotherms of Pb（lI） and Cu（II） were similar to the adsorption isotherms, which can be fitted well by Freundlich equation （R2 〉 0.96）. The soil in the three sites had greater sorption capacities for Pb（II） than Cu （II）, which was affected strongly by the soil characteristics. In the binary metal solution containing 1 ： 1 molar ratio of Pb（II） and Cu（II）, the total amount of Pb（II） and Cu（lI） adsorption was affected by the simultaneous presence of the two metal ions, indicating the existence of adsorption competition between the two metal ions. Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） spectroscopy was used to investigate the interaction between soil and metal ions, and the results revealed that the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the soil were the main binding sites of metal ions.

几种水稻土对磷的吸附与解吸特性研究

采用恒温培养法研究了几种水稻土的磷吸附和解吸特性及其影响因素。结果表明 ,几种水稻土的磷吸附曲线与Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin等温吸附方程基本吻合 ,但以Langmuir方程的拟和度最高。土壤最大吸附磷量与物理性粘粒含量呈正相关。几种水稻土的最大吸附磷量依次为 :黄泥田 >淤泥土 >黄泥土 >夹砂土 >砂性轻盐土 ;供试 5种水稻土中 ,以砂性轻盐土的解吸率最大。根据吸附磷的能级大小 ,磷的解吸过程可分为快、中慢 3个阶段进行。

红壤和褐土中磷的吸附及其对镉离子吸附-解吸的影响

采用等温吸附法研究了红壤和褐土磷的吸附特性,并分析了磷吸附后镉离子的吸附-解吸特征。结果表明,在外源磷浓度0～64mg·L-1范围内,供试土壤磷吸附量均随平衡液中磷浓度的升高而增加,吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,红壤对磷的最大吸附量及吸附反应常数(K)均高于褐土。吸附磷后在镉添加0～5mg·L-1范围内对镉离子吸附的影响两种土壤表现一致,即镉离子的吸附量随平衡溶液中镉的浓度的升高而增加,二者呈极显著线性相关。但磷吸附量的不同对镉离子的吸附产生一定的影响,表现为低磷抑制、高磷促进镉离子的吸附。当吸附磷的量红壤小于40mg·kg-1、褐土小于37mg·kg-1时,镉离子的吸附量随磷吸附量的增加而降低,与不施磷处理相比吸附率平均降低了16%和10%左右;当吸附磷的量红壤大于79mg·kg-1、褐土大于70mg·kg-1时,镉离子的吸附量随磷吸附量的增加而升高,与对照相比吸附率平均升高了11%和6%左右。吸附磷酸根后,在镉离子的吸附量小于10mg·kg-1时,红壤镉离子的解吸率表现为低磷促进、高磷抑制解吸,而褐土磷的吸附对镉离子解吸率的影响不显著。

苏州城市河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附与释放特征

为了探讨苏州古城区河道底泥对磷酸盐的吸附-释放特征,文中分别从改变上覆水的pH值、底泥吸附-释放动力学和等温吸附实验三个方面进行了研究。结果表明:(1)随着上覆水pH值的增大,苏州河道底泥对磷的吸附量逐渐减小;(2)底泥对磷的吸附过程是一个复合动力学过程,通常包括快吸附和慢吸附两个过程。底泥对磷的快速吸附在2h内快速进行,之后为慢吸附过程,到6h左右,基本达到一种动态吸附平衡;底泥对磷释放的动力学过程也包括快释放和慢释放过程。底泥释放磷在1·5h内快速进行,之后进入慢释放过程,磷酸盐含量基本稳定,达到释放平衡;(3)底泥具有较大的吸附磷的能力。随着上覆水的磷酸盐浓度增高,底泥吸附磷酸盐的量也增加。上覆水与底泥的比值越大,底泥对磷的吸附率越小。

不同磷酸盐下红壤对镉离子的吸附-解吸特征

采用等温吸附法研究了红壤对镉离子的吸附特性,分析加入不同形态的磷酸二氢盐(磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钾和磷酸二氢钙)对镉离子吸附-解吸特征的影响。结果表明,在加入镉浓度0～20mg·L-1范围内,红壤对镉离子的吸附量随平衡液中镉离子浓度的升高而增加,吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。土壤吸附镉离子后,在磷添加浓度为0～160mg·L-1下,土壤对镉离子的等温吸附仍然符合Freundlich方程(R2>0.94),但磷酸盐对镉离子吸附具有明显影响;磷酸二氢钙使镉离子的最大吸附量降低了2.5%～7.9%,使镉离子的吸附率降低10%～20%,而磷酸二氢铵和磷酸二氢钾对镉离子的吸附特征无明显影响。随加入磷量的增加,3种磷酸盐下镉离子解吸量和解吸率均显著降低,解吸量降幅为15.8%～27.8%,解吸率降低了3.7%～9.5%;但在低镉时磷酸二氢钙对红壤镉离子的解吸率显著高于磷酸二氢铵和磷酸二氢钾。由于Ca2+与Cd2+之间存在较强的竞争吸附,使得磷酸二氢钙对红壤镉离子吸附-解吸的影响大于磷酸二氢铵和磷酸二氢钾。

磷酸盐在土壤中的竞争吸附与解吸机制

本文概述了近年来国内外有关磷酸盐的竞争吸附与解吸的研究成果。土壤中许多阴离子都能与磷竞争吸附点位,使得磷的吸附下降。有机质可促进或抑制磷的吸附,pH是影响竞争吸附的主要因子。磷被吸附后大多固持在表面而难于解吸,往往呈现明显的滞后现象。通常只有拟物理吸附的磷能被解吸,化学吸附的磷因与表面金属离子作用形成双齿配位而极难被淋洗下来。解吸受多种因素的影响,其中解吸剂的类型是主要因子之一。

不同磷含量对石灰性潮土吸附、解吸有效性锌的影响

以不同磷含量的石灰性潮土为材料,通过对锌的吸附、解吸试验,研究了磷对石灰性土壤中锌有效性的影响,结果表明,随着石灰性土壤中磷含量的提高,土壤对锌的吸附量和吸附能力显著降低,而KCl对锌的解吸量却明显增加,从而得出石灰性土壤中施磷促进了土壤中锌的有效性是施磷促进作物对锌吸收的一个原因.

沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附与释放

本实验研究黄河口水文站沉积物对黄河水磷的吸附释放过程和东海１１１号站位沉积物对海水磷的吸附释放过程。并摸拟黄河沉积物在海水中磷的吸附释放过程。结果表明：底沉积物对磷的吸附相当迅速，无论是河泥还是海泥在２４ｈ内均能达到吸附平衡。吸附量与沉积物的量和水中原有磷的浓度有关，在不同的ｐＨ条件下。

湖泊沉积物对磷的吸附特征及其吸附热力学参数

在模拟条件下研究了属于不同营养水平的3个沉积物吸附磷等温线、动力学和热力学参数，比较了不同沉积物吸附磷的差别。结论如下：（1）在本研究条件下，五里湖沉积物吸附磷的Qmax、K、NAP和EPC。均高于东太湖和贡湖沉积物，而m却较低。东太湖和贡湖沉积物与其上覆水间基本保持磷吸附-解吸动态平衡状态，五里湖沉积物有向上覆水释放磷的趋势；（2）沉积物吸附磷主要发生在0～0．5h之内，此时间段吸附速率为贡湖沉积物与东太湖沉积物相差不大，均高于五里湖沉积物；（3）温度对五里湖沉积物吸附磷影响相对较小，而对贡湖和东太湖沉积物影响较大。

Zn-Al类水滑石吸附污泥脱水液中磷的研究

为了开发一种新型除磷吸附剂,将二价金属离子(Mg2+、Zn2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+)和三价金属离子(Al3+、Fe3+)分别组合,用共沉淀法制备了不同金属组成的类水滑石,研究了类水滑石及其焙烧产物的磷吸附效果。结果表明:Zn/Al摩尔投料比为2∶1的类水滑石300℃焙烧4 h,得到的吸附剂对城市污水处理厂污泥脱水液中磷的吸附容量最高,约40.77 mg/g;在pH中性和弱碱性条件下,Zn-Al-2-300对水中磷的吸附效果较好,吸附动力学符合假二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附等温式;5%NaOH+10%Na2CO3溶液对载磷类水滑石的磷解吸效果最好,其解吸率约为91.17%。

二元气体等温吸附-解吸中气分的变化规律

进行了CH4-CO2和CH4-N2二元混合气体的等温解吸实验,分析了二元气体在解吸过程中各组分浓度的变化规律.结果表明,在CH4-N2二元气体的解吸过程中,吸附相中CH4组分的相对浓度逐渐增加,N2组分的相对浓度逐渐减少.在CO2-CH4二元气体的解吸过程中,吸附相中CO2组分的相对浓度逐渐增加,CH4组分的相对浓度逐渐减少.实验结果还证实了CO2在与CH4的竞争吸附中占据优势,而N2在与CH4的竞争吸附中处于劣势.注入CO2比注入N2可以更有效地置换或驱替煤层甲烷,提高煤层甲烷的采收率.

长三角和珠三角农业土壤对Pb、Cu、Cd的吸附解吸特性

研究了长江三角州和珠江三角州10种代表性农业土壤对重金属Pb、Cu和Cd的吸附与解吸特性。结果表明:大多数土壤对重金属有较强吸附能力,土壤性质对重金属吸附与解吸行为有很大影响。其中,pH值是影响土壤对重金属吸附与解吸的最重要因素,土壤重金属吸附量随pH值增加而增加。土壤pH值和有机质或粘粒含量较高的土壤(如乌栅土、青紫泥田、黄斑田),其对重金属吸附能力高于pH值和有机质或粘粒含量较低的土壤(如黄筋泥、粉泥田)。重金属解吸量随重金属吸附量和土壤重金属饱和度增加呈指数增加趋势;土壤对重金属的吸附能力从强至弱依次为Pb、Cu、Cd;当3种重金属共存时,重金属之间竞争能力强弱顺序与吸附能力顺序相同。重金属之间竞争作用随土壤酸度和重金属污染程度的增加而增强。

褐土中磷镉吸附与解吸的研究

通过P、Cd吸附解吸试验研究了石灰性土壤中P、Cd之间的交互作用。结果表明:不同P吸附量的土壤,对Cd的次级吸附量随着吸附P量的增加而提高,石灰性褐土中P吸附量的提高可提高其对Cd离子的吸附容量;不同Cd吸附量的土壤,对P的次级吸附量随Cd吸附量的升高逐渐升高。Cd的解吸量(用0.1mol/LKNO3解吸)均随Cd吸附量的升高而增加。