Using cemented paste backfill to tackle the phosphogypsum stockpile in China:A down-to-earth technology with new vitalities in pollutant retention and CO_(2) abatement

Phosphogypsum(PG),a hard-to-dissipate by-product of the phosphorus fertilizer production industry,places strain on the biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem functions of storage sites.This pervasive problem is already widespread worldwide and requires careful stewardship.In this study,we review the presence of potentially toxic elements(PTEs)in PG and describe their associations with soil properties,anthropogenic activities,and surrounding organisms.Then,we review different ex-/in-situ solutions for promoting the sustainable management of PG,with an emphasis on in-situ cemented paste backfill,which offers a cost-effective and highly scalable opportunity to advance the value-added recovery of PG.However,concerns related to the PTEs'retention capacity and long-term effectiveness limit the implementation of this strategy.Furthermore,given that the large-scale demand for ordinary Portland cement from this conventional option has resulted in significant CO_(2) emissions,the technology has recently undergone additional scrutiny to meet the climate mitigation ambition of the Paris Agreement and China's Carbon Neutrality Economy.Therefore,we discuss the ways by which we can integrate innovative strategies,including supplementary cementitious materials,alternative binder solutions,CO_(2) mineralization,CO_(2) curing,and optimization of the supply chain for the profitability and sustainability of PG remediation.However,to maximize the co-benefits in environmental,social,and economic,future research must bridge the gap between the feasibility of expanding these advanced pathways and the multidisciplinary needs.

自拟健脾养胃汤加味治疗胃癌临床疗效观察及对中医证候积分、血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ的影响

目的:探究自拟健脾养胃汤加味治疗胃癌临床疗效观察及对中医证候积分、血清胃蛋白酶原I(PGI)、胃蛋白酶Ⅱ(PGⅡ)的影响。方法:按简单随机化分组法将2021.1~2023.1期间就诊的脾胃虚寒型中晚期原发性胃癌患者分为观察组和对照组,各60例。对照组接受常规化疗治疗;观察组接受自拟健脾养胃汤加味治疗,均连续治疗6个月。治疗6个月后,比较两组患者的临床疗效和毒副反应发生情况。并于治疗前和治疗6个月后,比较两组患者的中医证候积分、胃肠激素指标变化水平[胃蛋白酶原I(PGI)、胃蛋白酶Ⅱ(PGⅡ)、胃液素(GAS)]、肿瘤标志物指标变化水平[糖类抗原19~9(CA19-9)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、癌胚抗原(CEA)]和生活质量[胃癌测定量表(QLASTCM-Ga)]。结果:观察组的总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),观察组的毒副反应发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组患者的中医证候积分、CA19-9、CA72-4、CEA和QLASTCM-Ga评分较治疗前显著下降,且观察组低于同期对照组(P均<0.05);两组患者的PGI、PGⅡ和GAS较治疗前显著提高,且观察组高于同期对照组(P均<0.05)。结论:自拟健脾养胃汤加味能够有效治疗脾胃虚寒型胃癌患者,显著改善患者中医证候积分、胃肠激素指标、肿瘤标志物指标和生活质量,降低毒副反应的发生。

Wetting-drying effect on the strength and microstructure of cementphosphogypsum stabilized soils

Phosphogypsum has often been used as an effective and environmentally friendly binder for partial replacement of cement,improving the engineering properties of slurries with high water content.However,the influence of phosphogypsum on the physicomechnical properties of stabilized soil subjected to wettingedrying cycles is not well understood to date.In this study,the effect of phosphogypsum on the durability of stabilized soil was studied by conducting a series of laboratory experiments,illustrating the changes in mass loss,pH value and unconfined compressive strength(qu)with wettingdrying cycles.The test results showed that the presence of phosphogypsum significantly restrained the mass loss in the early stage(lower than the 4th cycle),which in turn led to a higher qu of stabilized soil than that without phosphogypsum.After the 4th cycle,a sudden increase in mass loss was observed for stabilized soil with phosphogypsum,resulting in a significant drop in qu to a value lower than those without phosphogypsum at the 6th cycle.In addition,the qu of stabilized soils correlated well with the measured soil pH irrespective of phosphogypsum content for all wettingedrying tests.According to the microstructure observation via scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)tests,the mechanisms relating the sudden loss of qu for the stabilized soils with phosphogypsum after the 4th wetting-drying cycle are summarized as follows:(i)the disappearance of ettringite weakening the cementation bonding effect,(ii)the generation of a larger extent of microcrack,and(iii)a lower pH value,in comparison with the stabilized soil without phosphogypsum.

Study on synergistic leaching of potassium and phosphorus from potassium feldspar and solid waste phosphogypsum via coupling reactions

To achieve the resource utilization of solid waste phosphogypsum(PG)and tackle the problem of utilizing potassium feldspar(PF),a coupled synergistic process between PG and PF is proposed in this paper.The study investigates the features of P and F in PG,and explores the decomposition of PF using hydrofluoric acid(HF)in the sulfuric acid system for K leaching and leaching of P and F in PG.The impact factors such as sulfuric acid concentration,reaction temperature,reaction time,material ratio(PG/PF),liquid–solid ratio,PF particle size,and PF calcination temperature on the leaching of P and K is systematically investigated in this paper.The results show that under optimal conditions,the leaching rate of K and P reach more than 93%and 96%,respectively.Kinetics study using shrinking core model(SCM)indicates two significant stages with internal diffusion predominantly controlling the leaching of K.The apparent activation energies of these two stages are 11.92 kJ·mol^(-1)and 11.55 kJ·mol^(-1),respectively.

PG-SGA营养干预的多层面围手术期综合护理对泌尿系结石患者并发症的影响

目的分析主观整体营养评估(PG-SGA)营养干预的多层面围手术期综合护理对泌尿系结石患者并发症的影响。方法选取的研究病例为在我院接受手术治疗的泌尿系结石患者,病例的就诊时间在2022年3月至2023年9月,共有92例病例参与本次研究。患者通过随机抽取编号(1~92号)后根据单双号分为两组。其中对照组实施常规围手术期护理,试验组在常规护理基础上实施PG-SGA营养干预的多层面围手术期综合护理。比较两组的饮食行为依从性、并发症发生情况、术后康复情况、生活质量。结果经过护理后,试验组的饮食行为依从性高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组,术后康复时间指标短于对照组,评估生活质量的简明健康状况调查问卷(SF-36)评分高于对照组,上述各指标在组间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对泌尿系结石患者采取以PG-SGA营养干预为基础的多层面围手术期综合护理,能有效提高患者的饮食行为依从性,减少并发症的发生,有助于患者术后康复、提高生活质量。

Copper slag assisted coke reduction of phosphogypsum for sulphur dioxide preparation

The reduction of phosphogypsum(PG)to lime slag and SO_(2)using coke can effectively alleviate the environmental problems caused by PG.However,the PG decomposition temperature remains high and the product yield remains poor.By adding additives,the decomposition temperature can be further reduced and PG decomposition rate and product yield can be improved.However,the use of current additives such as Fe_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)brings the problem of increasing economic cost.Therefore,it is proposed to use solid waste copper slag(CS)as a new additive to reduce PG to prepare SO2,which can reduce the cost and meet the environmental benefits at the same time.The effects of proportion,temperature and thermostatic time on PG decomposition are investigated by experimental and kinetic analysis combined with FactSage thermodynamic calculations to optimize the roasting conditions.Finally,the reaction mechanism is proposed.It is found that adding CS to the coke and PG system can increase the rate of PG decomposition and SO_(2)yield while lowering the PG decomposition temperature.For example,when the CS/PG mass ratio increases from 0 to 1,PG decomposition rate increases from 83.38%to 99.35%,SO_(2)yield increases from 78.62%to 96.81%,and PG decomposition temperature decreases from 992.4℃to 949.6℃.The optimal reaction parameters are CS/PG mass ratio of 1,Coke/PG mass ratio of 0.06 at 1100℃for 20 min with 99.35%PG decomposition rate and 96.81%SO_(2) yield.The process proceeds according to the following reactions:2CaSO_(4)+ 0.7C + 0.8Fe_(2)SiO_(4)→0.8Ca_(2)SiO_(4)+ 0.2Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+ 0.4Fe_(3)O_(4)+2SO_(2)+ 0.7CO_(2)Finally,a process for decomposing PG with coke and CS is proposed.

基于PG分级的寒区道路沥青工程适用性研究

沥青混合料的低温开裂是寒区沥青路面最主要的问题之一,选择稠度低或劲度低的沥青来提高沥青混合料的低温抗裂性是最常见的方法,但常规沥青分级方法存在一定的局限性。主要研究了PG分级技术在寒区道路沥青工程的适用性,对四种不同的沥青进行了常规分级试验和PG分级试验,分析了沥青指标与路用性能之间的关系。研究结果表明,常规分级方法难以准确、直接地描述寒区道路主要路用性能指标——低温开裂,而PG分级技术通过蠕变劲度和蠕变速率的差异直观地反映了低温开裂指标。因此,PG分级技术更适用于寒区道路沥青工程。

CEA、AFP和PGⅠ在胃癌术后血清中的表达及其预测术后复发的价值

目的探讨分析癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)和胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(pepsinogenⅠ,PGⅠ)在胃癌(gastric cancer,GC)患者术后血清中的表达水平情况及其预测术后复发的价值研究。方法选取2017年1月至2021年7月于本院接受新辅助化学药物治疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NACT)后行微创根治术的56例GC患者,根据术后是否复发分为观察组(复发,n=18例)和对照组(未复发,n=38例),比较两组的临床病理特征及血清CEA、AFP和PGⅠ表达水平,胃癌患者术后是否复发应用多因素Logistic回归分析其相关危险因素,并应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线预测其诊断价值。结果末次随访时,56例GC患者中18例复发(32.14%)、38例未复发(67.86%),其中观察组在肿瘤分化程度明显低于对照组,而在肿瘤浸润深度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后末次随访时,观察组GC患者的血清CEA和AFP均显著高于对照组;而PGⅠ水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示术前血清CEA、AFP和PGⅠ水平与GC患者术后复发之间存在相关性(P<0.05)。且术前血清CEA、AFP和PGⅠ联合检测在GC患者术后复发诊断中的AUC值为0.969显著高于各项单独CEA(0.686)、AFP(0.677)、PGⅠ(0.822)的AUC值。结论血清CEA、AFP和PGⅠ水平能够为GC患者术后复发的诊断提供预测价值。

公路PG82改性沥青混合料施工技术

为进一步增强路面的抗老化性能并提高耐久性,可以利用改性剂,对沥青改性,从而获得高性能的沥青混合料。为此,以某公路工程实例为依托,对PG82改性沥青混合料施工技术展开论述,研究表明,经过改性后的混合料,高温稳定性显著提升,具有推广应用价值。

PG600对初产母猪和延迟发情经产母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了探究PG600对初产母猪及延迟发情经产母猪断奶后发情及繁殖性能的影响,本研究选取初产母猪和延迟发情的经产母猪,随机分为对照组和PG600试验组,统计分析各组的发情率、受胎率、分娩率和产仔性能指标。利用PG600处理初产母猪可显著提高参繁猪群的受胎率(68.97%vs 96.67%,P<0.05)和分娩率(68.97%vs 96.67%,P<0.05),并具有提高断奶发情率(79.31%vs 96.67%)的趋势(P=0.097),断奶-发情时间间隔显著缩短(P<0.05),且繁殖效率提高1.57头(P<0.01)。PG600处理能够显著提高延迟发情经产母猪的发情率(61.82%vs 92.31%,P<0.01)、参繁受胎率(58.18%vs 90.38%,P<0.01)和参繁分娩率(58.18%vs 90.38%,P<0.01),整体繁殖效率提高3.33头(P<0.01);PG600处理组的配种受胎率比对照组提高3.8%,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。PG600处理能够提高初产母猪和延迟发情经产母猪的利用率及繁殖性能,对提高母猪批次化生产水平具有促进作用。

PG-SGA评分对改善胃癌术后化疗者营养状况及不良反应的影响

目的 探讨主观整体营养状况评估量表(Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment, PG-SGA)评分对改善胃癌术后化疗者营养状况及不良反应的影响。方法 选取2019年4月—2022年10月涿州市医院普外科收治的99例限期胃癌根治术患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为观察组和对照组。对照组(49例)患者接受常规饮食指导,观察组(50例)在对照组的基础上辅以PG-SGA评分指导下进行个性化营养干预。比较两组血清蛋白水平、热量摄入量情况及体质指数情况,分析两组人体成分及化疗不良反应发生情况。结果 干预后,观察组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白及前清蛋白值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组热量摄入量情况及体质指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组体脂含量、体蛋白质量、体骨骼肌量及体水分量水平分别为(15.6±3.1)kg、(8.9±1.9)kg、(26.8±4.1)kg、(31.2±3.1)L,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.000、3.869、5.579、21.063,P<0.05),观察组化疗不良反应发生率为2.0%,显著低于对照组的28.6%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.972,P<0.05)。结论 应用PG-SGA评分指导下进行个性化营养,对改善胃癌术后化疗患者营养状况有重要的指导意义,可改善化疗不良反应。

基于国产化FPGA的时统系统设计

文中设计了基于国产化FPGA芯片PG2L100H的多输入源、多频可选输出的时统系统,实现了包括GPS、北斗、IRIG-B码的多输入源实时切换,并对在进行时间信息的解编码后授时给设备其他系统进行同步,同时在软件设计中加入加三移位运算方法来优化LUTs的使用率。该设计在实验室环境下进行测试,具有成本低、同步精度高、稳定性强等优点,对于光电测控设备现有技术更新具有实用价值。

Upcycling of phosphogypsum waste for efficient zinc-ion batteries

Zinc metal is a promising anode material for next-generation aqueous batteries,but its practical application is limited by the formation of zinc dendrite.To prevent zinc dendrite growth,various Zn^(2+)-conducting but water-isolating solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)films have been developed,however,the required high-purity chemical materials are extremely expensive.In this work,phosphogypsum(PG),an industrial byproduct produced from the phosphoric acid industry,is employed as a multifunctional protective layer to navigate uniform zinc deposition.Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that PG-derived CaSO_(4)2H_(2)O can act as an artificial SEI layer to provide fast channels for Zn^(2+)transport.Moreover,CaSO_(4)2H_(2)O could release calcium ions(Ca^(2+))due to its relatively high Kspvalue,which have a higher binding energy than that of Zn^(2+)on the Zn surface,thus preferentially adsorbing to the tips of the protuberances to force zinc ions to nucleate at inert region.As a result,the Zn@PG anode achieves a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.5%during 500 cycles and long-time stability over 1000 hours at 1 m A cm^(-2).Our findings will not only construct a low-cost artificial SEI film for practical metal batteries,but also achieve a high-value utilization of phosphogypsum waste.

CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the polygalacturonase FaPG1 gene improves strawberry fruit firmness

Firmness is one of the most important fruit quality traits in strawberries.The postharvest shelf life of this soft fruit is highly limited by the loss of firmness,where cell wall disassembly plays an important role.Previous studies demonstrated that the polygalacturonase FaPG1 has a key role in remodelling pectins during strawberry softening.In this study,FaPG1 knockout strawberry plants have been generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered via Agrobacterium tumefaciens.Ten independent lines,cv.“Chandler”,were obtained,and all of them were successfully edited as determined by PCR amplification and T7 endonuclease assay.The targeted mutagenesis insertion and deletion rates were analyzed using targeted deep sequencing.The percentage of edited sequences varied from 47%up to almost 100%,being higher than 95%for seven of the selected lines.Phenotypic analyses showed that 7 out of the eight lines analyzed produced fruits significantly firmer than the control,ranging from 33 to 70%increase in firmness.There was a positive relationship between the degree of FaPG1 editing and the rise in fruit firmness.Minor changes were observed in other fruit quality traits,such as colour,soluble solids,titratable acidity or anthocyanin content.Edited fruits showed a reduced softening rate during postharvest,displayed a reduced transpirational water loss,and were less damaged by Botrytis cinerea inoculation.The analysis of four potential off-target sites revealed no mutation events.In conclusion,editing the FaPG1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is an efficient method for improving strawberry fruit firmness and shelf life.

应用3-PG模型预测杉木人工林生物量及蓄积量

以福建省39块杉木人工林临时样地和10块固定样地数据(胸径、各组分生物量和蓄积量)为基础,应用3-PG(生理过程林分级生长模型)模型预测杉木人工林生物量和蓄积量的生长变化,利用固定样地数据与模型输出回归分析进行精度验证,并选取土壤肥力等级(FR)和净初级生产力对根分配的最小值(pRn)进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明:3-PG模型的拟合精度较高,胸径、各组分生物量和蓄积量模拟数据与实测数据的决定系数(R^(2))均在0.72以上,所有指标的相对均方误差均在20%以下;土壤肥力等级和净初级生产力对根分配的最小值对胸径、各组分生物量和蓄积量均具有较高的敏感性。土壤肥力等级和净初级生产力对根分配的最小值是影响3-PG模型预测杉木生长指标变化的关键参数。

基于PG-SGA评分营养干预在新辅助化疗局部进展期胃癌中的应用

目的 探讨患者主观整体评估(Scored Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment,PG-SGA)营养干预在新辅助化疗局部进展期胃癌中的临床应用价值。方法 选择2019年4月—2022年10月涿州市医院普外科收治的新辅助化疗局部进展期胃癌患者99例作为研究对象,依据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组。对照组(50例)接受常规饮食指导,观察组(49例)在对照组的基础上辅以PG-SGA个性化营养干预。比较两组营养指标、免疫指标变化,统计两组干预期间不良反应。结果 干预后,观察组血清白蛋白、血清前白蛋白、血红蛋白水平分别为(45.5±4.5)、(0.8±0.2)、(98.8±15.2)g/L,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=26.723、15.780、8.834,P<0.05)。观察组IgA、IgG、IgM、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=12.437、3.288、11.170、12.624、14.924,P<0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率为28.0%,低于对照组的8.20%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.546,P<0.05)。结论 基于PG-SGA评分营养干预可改善患者者营养与免疫功能,减轻或减少新辅助化疗不良反应,优化患者生活质量,临床上值得继续推广。

PG、HMGB1检测对消化性溃疡诊断的价值分析

分析胃蛋白酶原(PG)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)检测对消化性溃疡诊断的应用价值,为临床诊疗消化性溃疡提供参考依据。方法 选取保定市第一中心医院消化科2020年3月-2021年10月收治的66例消化性溃疡病患(病例组)及66例健康体检者(健康组)。2组均抽取空腹静脉血,分别使用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法与酶联免疫吸附法进行PG、HMGB1水平检测,比较健康组与病例组两指标的差异;运用工作特征曲线(ROC)分析PG、HMGB1单项检测与联合检测诊断结果的敏感度、特异性。结果 病例组PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ、HMGB1水平(178.46±17.83ng/mL、25.78±2.72ng/mL、7.26±0.78、11.87±2.69ng/mL)均高于健康组(57.25±8.22ng/mL、14.96±1.78ng/mL、4.08±0.46、1.96±0.48ng/mL),P<0.05;ROC曲线分析显示,PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ、HMGB1单项检测与联合检测的ROC曲线下面积分别是0.773、0.682、0.781、0.835、0.869,联合检测的ROC曲线下面积最大,敏感度、特异性最高(0.930、0.825)。结论 PG、HMGB1联合检测的诊断价值优于单项检测,对提高诊断结果的准确率具有显著意义。

地震仪与钻孔应变仪联合测定近震Pg波速度

通过对比仁和台地震仪与钻孔应变仪观测曲线,采用滑动分析方法计算多个近震Pg波速度,综合考虑反射波影响和测定效度,最终测得仁和台近震Pg波速度为5.98 km/s,该值与云南2015地壳速度模型的上地壳P波速度很接近。本文工作表明,准确标定后的钻孔应变仪可以作为测震仪器使用,以弥补地震仪在观测低频事件时的不足。

基于PG网络的全流程优化在高性能CPU内核中的应用

随着高性能计算芯片的集成度不断提高以及工艺的进步,金属连线的宽度越来越窄,芯片电源网络上电阻增加和高密度的逻辑门单元同时有逻辑翻转动作时会在电源网络上产生电压降(IR Drop),导致芯片产生时序问题,甚至可能发生逻辑门的功能故障。基于Cadence实现工具Innovus的flash PG flow完成对于PG网络的综合实现与快速迭代,并利用auto reinforce PG和trim PG从两方面实现了对高性能CPU核的电压降与时序之间的trade-off,完成从floorplan到PR(Placement and Route)阶段针对PG网络的全流程优化。结果表明,在相同机器资源的前提下,flash PG flow最高可将powerplan的速度提升至原来的10倍,在top level的design上提升尤为明显,能有效节约设计初期对PG mesh的探索时间。而auto reinforce PG和trim PG则分别通过补强IR薄弱区域的PG和修剪冗余PG两方面针对性地修复设计66%的dynamic IR Drop违例,同时为设计提供更多绕线资源,达到不恶化时序和DRC (Design Rule Check)的目的。

脾胃虚弱型慢性萎缩性胃炎采用参苓白术散加减治疗对血清PGⅠ、G-17、PGⅡ水平的影响

目的:评价脾胃虚弱型慢性萎缩性胃炎采用参苓白术散加减治疗对预后及血清PGⅠ,G-17,PGⅡ水平的影响。方法:选取我院在2021年6月—2022年12月收治的84例胃虚弱型慢性萎缩性胃炎患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组(n=42,采取参苓白术散加减治疗)和对照组(n=42,采取常规西药治疗)。对比两组的临床疗效。结果:从两组的中医证候、血清指标和Hp清除率和病情复发率方面进行比较,两组在治疗3个月后,观察组的纳差、胃脘疼痛、胃脘痞满评分和病情复发率低于对照组,血清PGⅠ、G-17、PGⅡ水平和Hp清除率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:脾胃虚弱型慢性萎缩性胃炎采取参苓白术散加减治疗有着良好的效果,能够有效改善胃部症状,提高血清PGⅠ,G-17,PGⅡ水平,降低复发风险,对预后改善有着积极作用。