Management of Post-Traumatic Stress (PTSD) Dementia and Other Neuro-Degenerative Disease with Photo-Medicine: Clinical Experience and Case Studies

Objective: Photobiomodulation (also known as Low Level Laser. LLLT or Cold Laser;Photo Medicine (PM)) has been a vital adjunct therapy in our clinical practice over 5 years, observations of improvement in cognition and personality were noted in several patients. As a result, selected patients with Alzheimer’s Disease, vascular dementia, post-traumatic brain injury and other neuro-degenerative diseases were treated at clinical practices in Buffalo, New York;Sarasota, Florida;Lafayette, Indiana;Phoenix, Az., and Baton Rouge, La. Over 60 patients were treated with an average of 4 times over an 8-day period all reported/exhibited improvement in their condition, except that two men who were in their seventies were in robust health but had no short-term memory and no improvement was observed. However, Theralase has developed a more efficacious system which will be more efficacious, due to increased power for ATP activation. Method: Over 150 patients with the above conditions were treated in various areas (depending on diagnosis) including the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, Hippocampus, and Circle of Willis for duration of two and one-half minutes every 48 hours for 5 - 6 treatments. We utilized the Theralase multi-probe (905 nm/660 nm) at 60 miliwatts. It utilizes 5 - 905 nm near infra-red diodes and 4 infra-red 660 laser diodes with a peak power of 50,000 milliwatts at peak and pulse duration of 200 nanoseconds [1]. The PTSD patients were evaluated utilizing the co-occurring disorders program screening and assessment form. Conclusion: Dementia patients exhibited varying degrees of improvement in cognitive function and personality, leading to improved quality of life and decreased caregiver burden. PTSD patients’ improvement was objectively measured by formal neuropsychological testing utilizing the form. All PTSD patients scored no emotional problems after 3 - 5 treatments and all experienced overall sense of well-being. One experienced return of ability to smell he had not had for 5 years. Similar results were reported in a Japanese study where 15 patients were followed for a year. This non-invasive and non-systemic modality of therapy could play a key role in treating progressive neurodegenerative conditions, improving quality of life, and reducing health care costs.

Time-dependent density functional theoretical studies on the photo-induced dynamics of an HCI molecule encapsulated in C60 under femtosecond laser pulses

By using first-principles simulations based on time-dependent density functional theory, the chemical reaction of an HCl molecule encapsulated in C60 induced by femtosecond laser pulses is observed. The H atom starts to leave the Cl atom and is reflected by the C60 wall. The coherent nuclear dynamic behaviors of bond breakage and recombination of the HCl molecule occurring in both polarized parallel and perpendicular to the H-Cl bond axis are investigated. The radial oscillation is also found in the two polarization directions of the laser pulse. The relaxation time of the H-Cl bond lengths in transverse polarization is slow in comparison with that in longitudinal polarization. Those results are important for studying the dynamics of the chemical bond at an atomic level.

A numerical simulation of photothermal response in laser medicine

In this paper, we reported a numerical solution of laser induced thermal effect in the bio-tissue. The model of photothermal effect and classical Pennes bio-heat transfer equation were introduced. Finite element method (FEM), which was realized by Matlab software, was used to calculate the temperature distribution. He-Ne laser (633 nm) was used to simulate the physical therapy in in vivo skin tissue. Under the cylinder coordinates, the three-dimension(3-D) geometry of tissue was reduced to two-dimension(2-D) computation. The results contained the radial, axial and temperature 3-D color plot. Combining the time animation display was possible. By changing the laser and tissue parameters we can get different results. This will be the initial and indispensable work of the non-destructive evaluation of the laser induced injury.

Numerical Investigation of the Plasma Formation in Distilled Water by Nd-YAG Laser Pulses of Different Duration

Water breakdown studies by Nd-YAG laser pulses of duration 100 fs, 30 ps and 6 ns at wavelength 1064 nm are pre- formed to investigate the physical mechanisms which couple the laser energy into the medium. Calculations are carried out applying a modified kinetic model of water breakdown previously developed by Kennedy (1995) to investigate the correlation between threshold intensity of breakdown and laser pulse length. The modifications considered the introduction of diffusion and recombination loss processes which might take place under the experimental conditions applied in these calculations. The validity of the model is tested by comparing the calculated threshold intensities and the experimentally measured ones where good agreement is shown. The study of the time evolution of the electron density clarifies the correlation between the pulse length and dominant ionization mechanism. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the electron density along the radial and axial distances of the focal spot showed that the size of the formed plasma increases with the increase of the pulse length. On the other hand, studies of self-focusing effect illustrated that under the investigated experimental conditions the effect of this process has an effective contribution only at laser pulses of the order of femtosecond scale when the laser beam is focused by a lens of a focal length ≥8.0 cm. This result in turns assures that using femtosecond pulses in ophthalmic microsurgery could be a safe tool from the retinal damage.

Additive effects of earthworm extract with HpD-laser on the enhancement of reactive oxygen production and the inhibition of[~3H]—thymidine.uptake in mouse ascitic tumor cells

The effects of combined use of earthworm extract（912）and HpD-laser on the produc-tion of reactive oxygen and the biosynthesis of DNA in S180 tumor cells were studied throughchemiluminescence measurement and[3H]-TdR incorporation assay.The results showed that as com-pared with the control,the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted by tumor cells treatedsimultaneously with 912 and HpD-laser was enhanced more than ten-folds,while that treated with912 or HpD-laser alone was increased only 2～4 folds.The[3H]-TdR incorporation into tumorcells of the former group was inhibited upto 74.1%,and that of the latter groups decreased onlyby 42.2% and 40.0%,respectively.In accordance with these biochemical changes,the ultrastructuraldamage of tumor cells of the former,combinedly treated group appeared to be the most serious.This suggests an additive effect of 912 with HpD-laser on tumor cells.In addition,if free radicalscavengers,such as catalase and superoxide dismutase,were added to the reaction systembefore chemiluminescence assay,the luminescent enhancement effect mentioned above was dramaticallyalleviated,implying the presence of O2 and H2O2 in the system.Therefore,as to the toxic effecton tumor cells,912 and HpD-laser are not only additive in efficiency,but also similar in theunderlying mechanism of action.

PLD Preparation of GeS_6 Amorphous Film and Investigation on Its Photo-induced Darkening Phenomenon

GeS6 chalcogenide amorphous fi lm was deposited on glass substrate via PLD（pulsed laser deposition） technique. The performance and structure of the fi lm was characterized by XRD（X-ray diffraction）, SEM（Scanning Electron Microscopy）, EDS（Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy）, optical transmission spectra, and Raman spectra, etc. The GeS6 amorphous fi lm was irradiated by 532 nm linearly polarized light, and its photoinduced darkening was investigated. The results showed that the GeS6 chalcogenide amorphous fi lm was smooth and compact with uniform thickness and combined with the substrate fi rmly, and its chemical composition was in consistency with the bulky target. When laser energy was fi xed, the transparence of the fi lm declined with the increase of the laser irradiation time. Obvious photo-induced darkening and relaxation phenomenon of the fi lm after laser irradiation were observed in this investigation.

Photobiomodulation therapy for osteoarthritis: Mechanisms of action

Photobiomodulation(PBM)is a non-invasive therapeutic modality with demonstrated effects in many fields related to regenerative medicine.In the field of orthopedics,in particular,PBM at various wavelengths has demonstrated the capacity to trigger multiple biological effects associated with protective mechanisms in musculoskeletal tissues.The articles cited in this review show that devices operating close to or within the near infrared range at low intensities can provoke responses which favor the shift in the predominant catabolic microenvironment typically seen in degenerative joint diseases,especially osteoarthritis(OA).These responses include proliferation,differentiation and expression of proteins associated with stable cell cycles.Additionally,PBM can also modulate oxidative stress,inflammation and pain by exerting regulatory effects on immune cells and blocking the transmission of pain through sensory neuron fibers,without adverse events.Collectively,these effects are essential in order to control the progression of OA,which is in part attributed to exacerbated inflammation and degradative enzymatic reactions which gradually contribute to the destruction of joint tissues.PBM may offer medical experts ease of application,financial viability,efficacy and lack of serious adverse events.Therefore,it may prove to be a suitable ally in the management of mild to moderate degrees of OA.This review explores and discusses the principal biological mechanisms of PBM and how the produced effects may contribute to the amelioration of osteoarthritic progression.Literature was reviewed using PubMed and Google Scholar in order to find studies describing the mechanisms of PBM.The investigation included a combination of nomenclature such as:“photobiomodulation”,“phototherapy”,“laser therapy”,“PBM”,“osteoarthritis”,low level light therapy”,“inflammation”and“cartilage”.We considered only articles written in English,with access to the full text.

Absorption Line Profile Recovery Based on TDLS and MEMS Micro-Mirror for Photoacoustic Gas Sensing

A novel and efficient absorption line recovery technique is presented.A micro-electromechanical systems(MEMS) mirror driven by an electrothermal actuator is used to generate laser intensity modulation through the mirror reflection.Tunable diode laser spectroscopy(TDLS) and photoacoustic spectroscopy(PAS) are used to recover the target absorption line profile which is compared with the theoretical Voigt profile.The target gas is 0.01% acetylene(C2H2) in a nitrogen host gas.The laser diode wavelength is swept across the P17 absorption line of acetylene at 1 535.4 nm by a current ramp,and an erbium-doped fibre amplifier(EDFA) is used to enhance the optical intensity and increase the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).A SNR of about 35 is obtained with 100 mW laser power from the EDFA.Good agreement is achieved between the experimental results and the theoretical simulation for the P17 absorption line profile.

Innovations in Retinal Laser Technology

Retinal laser photocoagulation is a proven, effective treatment for various retinal disorders, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal vein occlusions, and sickle cell retinopathy. To minimize iatrogenic retinal damage while maintaining therapeutic effects, retinal laser technology has evolved significantly since its introduction in ophthalmology more than half a century ago. These innovations have included both optimizations of laser parameters in addition to the development of novel laser delivery systems. This review summarizes recent innovations in retinal laser technology, including subthreshold micropulse laser, selective retinal therapy and nanosecond laser, innovative modes of laser delivery including pattern scanning laser, endpoint management, navigated laser, and newly described photo-mediated ultrasound therapy.

Small-Force Measurement by Photo-Elastic Transducer

The use of stress-induced changes in a crystal of a monolithic solid-state laser by external force as a way for micro-force detection and measurement is described. In fact, the application of an unknown force on the resonator-amplifier crystal of a solid-state laser leads to a measurable change in the frequency of the beat note associated with the orthogonal polarisation components of the oscillating laser mode. Here we report our first measurements of the sensitivity of a photo-elastic force sensor, realised with a monolithic (4 × 4) mm plano-convex cylindrical crystal, and compare them with the results obtained by other authors for different configurations and dimensions of the laser sensor. The reported results are in a good mutual agreement but show notable discrepancies with theoretical predictions, especially for high sensitivities obtained when the dimensions of the laser sensor are small.

研究生激光医学课程思政建设路径的思考与实践

将思政建设融入医学课程是培养医学生职业道德和职业精神的重要途径。激光医学是一门新兴的交叉学科,在激光医学的教学实践中,要深入挖掘课程中的思政要素,提升课程思政建设水平,加强医学研究生的人文素质,同时也要重视教师的思政教育能力培养,提高激光医学教学质量,从而为国家培养更多德才兼备的激光医学人才。

绝经泌尿生殖综合征的非激素治疗进展

绝经泌尿生殖综合征(GSM)是指围绝经期和绝经后女性雌激素水平显著下降,产生外阴阴道症状、泌尿系统症状以及性生活障碍等的一类慢性进展性疾病,随着年龄增加和绝经时间延长而加重,严重影响中老年女性的生活质量。目前,绝经激素治疗是最有效的疗法,但长期应用激素替代治疗并非适合所有女性。本文将对GSM的非激素治疗的进展进行综述,为临床医生提供治疗策略。

色素增加性皮肤病患者治疗中激光与中医药联合应用研究

目的探讨激光联合中医药治疗色素增加性皮肤病的临床效果,为临床研究提供参考。方法选取2019年1月—2022年1月滨州医学院附属医院收治的78例色素增加性皮肤病患者作为研究对象,依据随机数表法将所有患者分为参照组和研究组,每组39例。参照组采用激光治疗,研究组在参照组治疗基础上联合中医药治疗,统计并分析两组患者治疗前后皮肤生理指标[pH、角质层含水量、皮肤经水分丢失(TWEL)]、性激素水平[雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、孕酮(Pro)]、色素沉着面积、色素沉着评分改善状况,皮肤的结痂、愈合时间与痂皮脱落时间、治疗总有效率和不良反应发生率。结果治疗前组间角质层含水量、pH、TWEL指标、E2、Pro、LH、FSH水平、色素沉着评分、色素沉着面积及治疗后pH比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但研究组治疗后的TWEL指标、LH、E2、Pro、FSH水平、色素沉着评分和不良反应发生率均比参照组低,角质层含水量、治疗总有效率高于参照组,且色素沉着面积较参照组小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论色素增加性皮肤病患者采用激光联合中医药治疗,不但可以增强皮肤屏障功能,降低患者性激素水平,还能有效避免皮肤色素沉重,加快皮肤结痂、愈合,有效提升治疗效果,且不良反应较少,提高患者的治疗安全性,具有显著的临床疗效,值得临床应用。

γ辐照对窄线宽光纤激光器的影响及光漂白效果

采用γ射线对窄线宽光纤激光器的种子源进行辐照试验,辐照总剂量约50 krad(Si),并对比分析了辐照前后输出激光特性,种子源的功率衰减超过70%、增益光纤损耗增加、温度升高明显。对不同辐照剂量下的种子源进行功率放大,结果表明:放大后的激光输出功率、中心波长、3 dB线宽等未发生明显变化,但拉曼抑制比随辐照剂量的增加略微降低。采用793 nm和524 nm激光对辐照后的种子源进行漂白,验证了不同波长漂白光的恢复能力。在同等漂白功率条件下,由于524 nm激光的光子能量更高且对应于掺镱光纤辐致缺陷的主吸收峰,具有更快的漂白速度和更强的漂白能力。漂白试验结果表明,种子源输出功率与793 nm漂白时长呈线性关系、漂白速率约为0.30 W/h,种子源输出功率与524 nm漂白时长大体上呈拉伸指数函数关系、漂白速率约为1.65 W/h。

消化道早癌智能光学微创诊疗研究现状及展望

消化道早癌微创治疗是当前研究热点。手术是目前消化道肿瘤有效的治疗方式,但因手术依赖医生经验、消化道早癌术中智能刻画困难、治疗效应动态监测难等,急需先进的新型设备革新当前的诊疗模式,因此研发智能微创诊疗系统成为需要迫切攻克的关键难题。针对消化道肿瘤等智能诊疗的核心问题,研制智能微创诊疗仪器具有重要的意义,能够为解决当前肿瘤诊疗提供重要的解决方案。本文分别介绍面向消化道早癌的基于光学技术的成像方法、智能精准诊断方案、图像引导手术治疗、机器人辅助智能治疗等方面的研究及临床应用情况,针对这些方面进行讨论和提出未来可能的发展方向,以及指出未来拟研究的介入式智能多模态光学微创诊疗一体化关键问题,以期为从事消化道微创诊疗一体化关键问题研究和智能诊疗仪器研制提供参考建议。

脉冲Er:YAG激光辐照多层牙齿组织换热特性分析

目的:研究不同激光输入方式下,牙齿组织内部能量的沉积分布特征,搭建激光输入参数与牙齿组织内部温升的定性关系。方法:基于Pennes生物热传导方程,考虑牙齿组织的层状结构以及激光辐照时牙齿外表面与周围环境的热交换,构建Er:YAG激光辐照牙齿组织的热输运模型。借助有限差分法,对不同激光输入方式下牙齿组织内部温升的时-空分布特征进行了数值模拟和对比分析。结果:激光能量输入方式的改变(脉冲功率、脉宽、脉冲个数、脉冲间隔)对于牙齿组织的温升将产生显著的作用效果,并且其作用效果会随着深度的增加而逐渐衰减;输入总能量一定的前提下,输入方式的作用效果仅集中在照射表面附近,对于组织内部牙髓腔壁面的温升几乎不产生影响。此外,牙齿组织外表面与周围环境的热交换一定程度上抑制牙齿组织的温升并加速其冷却进程。结论:激光输入方式对牙齿组织的温升效果存在重要影响,在其与牙齿组织过程前后需考虑外表面与环境的热交换。

激光光凝联合疗法治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的优势和展望

激光光凝是糖尿病视网膜病变的主要治疗手段,虽然激光手术方式的改良及对激光能量的控制,极大地提高了临床疗效,但研究表明视网膜激光光凝会产生视野缺损、暗适应下降等副作用。玻璃体腔注射抗血管内皮生长因子药物在一定程度上可提高患者视力,改善黄斑中心凹结构,但长期反复注射给患者带来了巨大的经济负担。近年来,眼科学者在此治疗的基础上提出激光光凝联合疗法,在降低激光副作用的同时,提高患者视功能,增强临床疗效,且具有经济效益。本文对激光光凝分别联合抗血管内皮生长因子、中药复方制剂等治疗优势及局限性进行综述,以期为制定有效的临床治疗方法提供参考。

中药面膜联合低能量调Q激光治疗面部炎症后色素沉着

面部炎症后色素沉着(Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation,PIH)是一种常见的获得性色素沉着疾病,通常由各种皮肤急慢性炎症或损伤导致,属中医“黧黑斑”范畴。面部炎症后色素沉着严重影响患者身心健康,目前单一治疗方法疗效欠佳,存在一定弊端。本文报道采用中药面膜联合低能量调Q激光治疗面部炎症后色素沉着2例,效果良好,为临床提供治疗了新思路。

单离子光频标离子囚禁技术

离子囚禁技术与系统是量子频标、量子计算的核心技术和核心物理参考体系,在精密测量、量子计算、高精度导航定位等领域具有重要的应用价值与应用前景。设计研制了一种基于Paul型离子阱的离子制备与囚禁系统,利用数字PID方法进行多通道多波长激光频率锁定,对离子进行光离化制备、囚禁、激光Doppler冷却。试验系统探测到了单离子的微弱荧光信号,实现了单个离子的稳定囚禁;激光频率漂移由500 MHz稳定至±0.8 MHz,激光冷却温度达到5.53 mK,趋于Doppler冷却极限。