Effect of High Temperature on Outcrossing Characteristics at the Fertility Sensitive Period of Photo-thermo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile (PTGMS) Rice Lines

Four sterile lines （Peiai64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S） and the restoring line R527 were used as materials. Five temperature gradients （24, 27, 30, 33 and 36 ℃ in artificial climate chamber） and the natural temperature （as control） were treated to the four sterile lines for 6 d in the fertility sensitive period of heading to flowering stage, respectively, to study the effects of temperature on physiological biochemical characteristics of young panicles and outcrossing characteristics. The results showed that the percentages of exerted stigma of Peiai 64S and Y58S were the highest at 27 ℃, which were 86.81% and 86.06%, respectively, while the percentages of exerted stigma of Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 76.24% and 81.76%, respectively; the stigma viability of Peiai 64S, Y58S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the best at 24 ℃, which were 1.96, 2.12, 1.74 and 1.94, respectively; the outcrossing rates of Peiai 64S, Guangzhan 63-2S and H638S were the highest at 24 ℃, which were 58.87%, 54.22% and 50.50%, respectively, while the outcrossing rate of Y58S was the highest at 27 ℃, which was 58.96%; and the contents of peroxidase （POD） of the four sterile lines increased significantly at 33 ℃ compared with the control, while the contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and proline increased significantly at 36 ℃ compared with the control. There were differences in temperature sensitivity between the male sterile lines, and the 24 ℃ treatment during the sensitive period was the best for the fertility sensitive period of Peiai 64S, while 27 ℃ was the best temperature for Y58S, Gangzhan 63-2S and H638S.

New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile （TGMS） lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 ram. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines （TNAU18S and TNAU60S） had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively. Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29- 150GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18S and TNAU60S produced 16.6 g and 13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz. TNAU18S/IET21508 （36 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21044 （13 g/plant）, TNAU18S/IET21009 （26.5 g/plant）, TNAU60S/CB-09-106 （26.2 g/plant）, TNAU60S/IET21009 （14 g/plant） and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306 （39.2 g/plant） showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150GY.

Comparative Studies on the Changes of Microtubule Distribution and Reorganization During the Meiotic Stages of Development in Normal (IR36) and a Temperature/photoperiod Sensitive Male Sterile Line (Peiai 64S) of Rice ( Oryza sativa )

Changes in the pattern of organization of microtubules in the meiotic stages of development of pollen (i.e. from pre-meiotic interphase to more or less metaphase I) of a normal (IR36) and a temperature/photoperiod sensitive male sterile line (Peiai 64S) of rice were studied using immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. In IR36, from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I, the pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes underwent a series of changes. Some new organizational patterns of microtubules (that have not been described before) were observed during microsporogenesis, including the existence of a broad band of perinuclear microtubules at the diakinesis stage of development. The pattern of microtubule distribution in the meiocytes of the male sterile line, Peiai 64S, was quite different front that seen in IR36. In Peiai 64S, the microtubules showed abnormal patterns of distribution from pre-meiotic interphase to metaphase I. For example the broad band of perinuclear microtubules seen at diakinesis in IR36 was much disorganized and loosened in Peiai 64S. The spindles formed were also very abnormal and different from the normal spindle. The appearance of abnormal microtubule distribution in the early stages of microsporogenesis may contribute to the malformation and ultimate abortion of pollen in Peiai 64S.

Preliminary Study on Inheritance of Stigma Exertion in Wheat Thermo-photo Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line

Stigma exertion is one of the key factors for improving the outcrossing ability of wheat thermo-photo sensitive genic male sterile（TPSGMS） line. A DH population derived from K239S/K92 S was constructed to investigate the inheritance of stigma exertion. K239 S and K92 S are TPSGMS lines with higher and lower stigma exertion rates（SER）, respectively. The SERs of parents, reciprocal crosses and the DH population were evaluated for two consecutive years. The results showed that no significant difference was observed in SER between F1 s of K239S/K92 S and K92S/K239 S,implying that stigma exertion was a trait controlled by nuclear gene（s）. In the DH population, the segregation of low and high SERs fitted to a ratio of 3 ∶1 by Chisquare test, suggesting that the stigma exertion of K239 S was controlled by one pair of recessive genes. In addition, the effects of temperature and humidity on the expression of stigma exertion were also discussed.

Improving Blast Resistance of a Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line GD-8S by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast, by using backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection. Five elite improved male sterile lines, RGD8S-1, RGD8S-2, RGD8S-3, RGD8S-4 and RGD8S-5, were selected based on the results of molecular marker analysis, spikelet sterility, recovery rate of genetic background and agronomic traits. Thirty-three representative blast isolates collected from Guangdong Province, China were used to inoculate the improved lines and the original line GD-8S artificially. The resistance frequencies of the improved lines ranged from 76.47% to 100%, much higher than that of the original line GD-8S （9.09%）. On the agronomic characters, there were no significant differences between the improved lines and GD-8S except for flag leaf length and panicle number per plant. The improved lines could be used for breeding hybrid rice with high blast resistance.

Factors Influencing the Outcrossed Seed-Setting Obstacles of Photo-thermo Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice

Using photo-thermo sensitive genie male rice (PTGMS) Pei' ai 64S, W7415S, W6154S, N26S, Annong S, Nongken 58S, 7001S and 5088S as female parents and conventional indica lines 8258 and U89 as male parents, the factors affecting outcrossed seed-setting were analyzed. The PTGMS had obstacles in outcrossed seed setting influenced by inheritance and environment at varying degrees. Environmental temperature was regarded as the main factor that resulted in the outcrossed seed-setting obstacles. The sensitive stage was at the early stage of grain filling for outcrossed seed setting. There existed remarkable differences at the sensitivity stage, the duration of sensitive period, the sensitive level and the effective level of outcrossed seed-setting obstacles caused by environmental temperature among different PTGMS lines. Therefore, attention should be paid to outcrossed seed-setting obstacles in selection and utilization of PTGMS lines.

Inheritance of the Male Sterility in a New Photo/Thermo-Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Line B06S of Rice

The major male sterile genes in a new photo/thermo-sensitive genie male sterile (PTGMS) line B06S of rice were analyzed by the manipulation of mixture distribution theory. The results indicated that a pair of major male sterile nuclear genes with large effects were responsible for controlling the male sterility of B06S.

Fertility Expression of TGMS-Genes in the Backgrounds of indica CMS-lines,B-lines and R-lines of Hybrid Rice

The generation fertility of 51 F1, 19 F2 and 6 BC1 between 3 thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines （TGMS-lines） Pei＇ai 64S, 6311S and 360S, and the three lines of hybrid rice including 7 indica cytoplasmic male sterile lines （CMS-lines） and their corresponding maintainer lines （B-lines） and 3 indica restorer lines （R-lines） were investigated to study the expression of TGMS-genes in the backgrounds of the three lines of hybrid rice. Pei＇ai 64S has stronger fertility restoring （Rf） genes for CMS-lines and its TGMS trait is governed by 2 pairs of independent recessive genes; The TGMS trait of 6311S is governed by a single recessive gene with weaker Rf-gene in 6311S and the TGMS trait of 360S is governed by a single recessive gene with no Rf-gene in 360S. The investigation on the fertility of F1 plants between 5 CMS-lines and 4 TGMS generations selected from F2 plants of 4 CMS-lines x 6311S confirmed that the expression of TGMS-gene was controlled by Rf-gene in the genetic background of cytoplasm of CMS-lines, but not affected by Rf-gene in the genetic background of normal fertile cytoplasm. The potential breeding strategies of TGMS-lines with cytoplasm of CMS-lines and CMS-lines with the nucleus of TGMS-genes were discussed.

小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率研究

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果,在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系(常规小麦)为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明,BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%(国际法),平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%,二者差异不显著,说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间,BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%,与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%,改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本,表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间,表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间,与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间,表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照,其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照,说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少,而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此,建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选,并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良,有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量,为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

香型温敏核不育系皖香22S的选育研究

皖香22S是安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所以1892S为母本、湖南湘穗种业有限责任公司引进的香型籼稻亲本常香39S为父本进行杂交选育的香型温敏核不育系,2023年8月通过安徽省技术鉴定。皖香22S株高85.0 cm,平均每穗总颖花数193.5粒,千粒重24.0 g,株型紧凑,分蘖力较强,叶片直立内卷,有香味,冷水池育性鉴定在14.5 h、23.5℃、6 d条件下,花粉不育度99.95%,套袋自交结实率0.25%。皖香22S在合肥5月20日播种,播始历期为84 d,比近似品种常香39S短5 d左右,主茎叶龄13.2叶。柱头外露率和异交结实率较高。稻瘟病、稻曲病和白叶枯病抗性较好;米质较优;所配组合杂种优势强,其中皖香22S/银月丝苗在2023年的小区优势鉴定中,较丰两优4号增产9.35%,差异达极显著水平。

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系柱头外露规律研究

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的开花习性影响其异交性能,进而影响杂交小麦制种产量。为了明确柱头外露对不育系异交结实的影响,以15个不育系为材料,同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本,研究不育系从始花期开始连续10 d柱头外露率的变化规律及其与异交结实的相关性。结果表明,不育系在开花过程中柱头外露率基本呈先升后降的变化趋势。在盛花期,柱头外露主要集中在中部穗位。柱头外露性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS163、BS366、BS210。相关性分析结果表明,柱头外露率与柱头外露小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关。综上说明,柱头外露是影响不育系异交结实的重要因素之一,在制种时选择具有柱头外露性状的不育系可提升制种产量。以上研究结果为高异交光温敏不育系的选育提供了科学依据。

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系开颖规律研究

BS型小麦光温敏雄性不育系的异交性能直接影响杂交小麦的制种产量,而开花习性是衡量不育系异交性能的重要指标。为了明确开颖率、开颖角度对不育系异交结实率的影响,本研究以15个不育系为材料,同时选取3个配合力好、制种性状优良的恢复系作为父本,分析了不育系在开花过程中开颖率和开颖角度的变化规律及其与异交结实率的相关性。结果表明,在开花过程中,不育系开颖率基本都呈先升后降的变化趋势,且中部和上部穗位开颖较早,但在盛花期,下部穗位开颖角度较大且开颖主要集中在中部穗位,开颖性状较好的不育系为BS278-2、BS185、BS126、BS163、BS136。相关性分析表明,开颖率与开颖小花异交结实率呈极显著正相关,开颖角度与异交结实率呈显著正相关。这说明开颖性状是影响不育系异交结实率的重要因素之一,选育开颖性状好的不育系对提高杂交小麦制种产量具有重要意义。

光/温敏核不育系的不育机理及两系杂交稻的发展与展望

本文回顾了中国两系杂交水稻的发展历史;介绍了两系法中光/温敏型核不育系遗传资源的发现和选育;总结了植物中光温敏型雄性不育的遗传学和细胞学机制;并对水稻两系法中光/温敏型雄性不育系的遗传资源优化及育种策略提出了建议。

优质籼型光温敏核不育系荃时S的选育与应用

介绍了荃时S的选育过程、特征特性、配组应用及繁殖技术要点。荃时S是以银312S为母本,与配合力好的优良恢复系YR0822杂交,采用系谱法选育而成的籼型光温敏核不育系,具有育性转换起点温度较低、不育性稳定、异交率高、抗倒伏、米质优等特点,2021年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会组织的专家技术鉴定。该不育系与恢复系银泰香占配制的籼型两系杂交水稻品种时两优泰香具有中抗稻瘟病、米质达部标优1级、丰产等特点,并获得2022年(第四届)安徽省优质稻品种食味品质籼稻金奖,2022年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。

籼型特色水稻两系不育系红17S的选育

红17S是福建省南平市农业科学研究所以广占63S为母本与南平当地优质特色红米美人红杂交,后又与籼型两系不育系K12S复交,经福建建阳及海南三亚等地充分利用自然生态条件,4 a 8代培育成的特色红米温敏核不育系,2022年通过福建省农作物品种审定。总结了红17S的选育过程、配组应用及配套繁殖、制种技术。

Selection of Submergence Tolerant Homozygous Line by STS Marker and Twice Submergence Stress

One sequence tagged site marker Subl-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-lBS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line that developed by our laboratory. The results revealed that the original Sub-lBS was heterozygous in SublA-1 locus even though it was identical in almost all of agronomical traits and the segregation of SublA-1 was in accordance with Mendelian law based on chi-square test. And then the original Sub-IBS was divided into two groups： one was ofSublA-1 introgression and the other was not; and the two groups were tested by twice submergence stress method. After the first submergence stress that lasted for 12 d, the average plant heights were significant difference at the 1% level between the two groups. After recovery for 10 d, the second submergence stress sustained for 18 d was carried on; and the group with SublA-1 gene was found apparently tolerant than the other group in submergence tolerance.

水稻籼型光温敏核不育系福7112S的选育及应用

籼型光温敏核不育系福7112S是以1892S为母本与优质自育材料R0564杂交,采用系谱法选育而成的。该不育系育性稳定、败育彻底、株型紧凑、抗性较好、米质较优,2019年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会组织的技术鉴定。本文介绍了福7112S的选育过程,阐述了其主要的特征特性和育性表现,分析了其配组应用,总结了繁殖制种技术,以期为福7112S的推广与应用提供参考。

小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS237ω-黑麦碱基因克隆及序列分析

为研究小麦光温敏雄性不育系BS237中ω-黑麦碱基因编码区特征,利用同源克隆的方法克隆ω-黑麦碱基因的编码区序列,共得到8条具有完整开放阅读框的基因序列(OK999982~OK999985,OK999987~OK999990),基因编码区长度为1002~1074 bp,可编码333~357个氨基酸残基,全部编码RQL型ω-黑麦碱蛋白。NCBI BLAST分析表明克隆序列与已知序列的相似度在91%~100%之间,推断其为ω-黑麦碱基因家族。进化分析表明8个克隆的基因与普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)和黑麦(Secale cereale L.)的ω-黑麦碱基因序列具有较高的同源性,说明ω-黑麦碱基因具有一定的基因组特异性。乳糜泻(CD)免疫肽识别分析表明,8个基因中均分布有5种T细胞免疫肽——Gli-ωt(PQQPFPQQ)、DQ2.5-glia-γ5(QQPFPQQPQ)、QQPY、SPQQ和PQQP,且肽段Gli-ωt(PQQPFPQQ)和PQQP存在多个拷贝。本研究结果可为1BL/1RS类型杂交小麦加工品质的分子改良及乳糜泻疾病的预防提供参考。

优质籼型水稻光温敏核不育系‘7-163S’特征特性及其基因型解析

为了制定合理的育种计划,对籼型水稻光温敏核不育系‘7-163S’特征特性及基因型进行解析。以‘7-163S’及其配制组合或品种为试验材料,对主要农艺性状进行分析,使用基因组测序和RiceNavi数据库解析‘7-163S’的基因型。结果表明,‘7-163S’农艺性状优异,可繁性好,育性起点温度低、中抗稻瘟病、抗白叶枯病。已育成4个品种或组合,均表现出生育期适中、优质、丰产性好等特点。基因型分析表明‘7-163S’含有稻瘟病、白叶枯病、褐飞虱等抗性等位基因,以及低垩白、高氮肥利用效率、耐冷等优异等位基因。然而,其缺乏广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi2、Pi9和Pigm、广谱抗白叶枯病基因Xa23、香味基因fgr及镉低积累基因OsCd1和OsNRAMP5等。将基因型与表型结合,可为基因聚合增强‘7-163S’抗性和新品种选育提供理论支撑。

黄绿叶水稻光温敏核不育系gy157S的开花习性

【目的】探明水稻黄绿叶光温敏核不育系gy157S的开花习性,为特色水稻不育系在新品种选育中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以目前应用比较广泛的实用性水稻光温敏两系不育系C815S为对照,对比研究水稻黄绿叶光敏温不育系gy157S的花粉败育程度、开花习性、柱头外露率等开花习性。【结果】gy157S单株和单穗的开花持续期分别为15.9 d和10.2 d,在11:00—13:00有明显的开花高峰期,午前花率达60.86%,开颖角度为34.0°,自然条件下柱头外露率为65.0%,与C815S相似。gy157S的花粉不育度为99.97%~100.00%,优于C815S的99.73%~99.98%。【结论】gy157S开花习性良好,在11:00—13:00期间进行赶粉制种效率较高,在水稻两系杂交种生产中具有较大的应用价值。