New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

An investigation was carried out with three newly developed temperature sensitive genic male sterile(TGMS) lines for their floral traits, seed production potential and outcrossing ability in ten cross combinations. In the TGMS lines, fertile pollens had an average diameter of 0.89 mm while the sterile pollens was with 0.02 mm diameter.TS-29-150 GY produced the biggest fertile pollens with 0.92 mm and other two lines produced relatively smaller pollens with 0.91 and 0.85 mm. Pollen fertility during the fertility reversion period was an average of 60.7%. TS-29-150 GY had the maximum of 66.9% spikelet fertility whereas other two lines(TNAU18S and TNAU60S) had relatively lower spikelet fertility of 27.8% and 26.7%, respectively.Average of 17.00 g of seed yield was obtained in the TGMS lines during the fertility reversion period. TS-29-150 GY had the highest value of 21.20 g of seed yield while TNAU18 S and TNAU60 S produced 16.6 g and13.2 g of seed yield, respectively. The low seed production ability of these three TGMS lines was attributed only to the environmental conditions prevailing during the period. All three TGMS lines had considerable outcrossing potential of 41.2%, 24.6% and 25.0%, respectively. The cross combinations viz.TNAU18S/IET21508(36 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21044(13 g/plant), TNAU18S/IET21009(26.5 g/plant),TNAU60S/CB-09-106(26.2 g/plant), TNAU60S/IET21009(14 g/plant) and TS29-150-GY/DRR 3306(39.2g/plant) showed perfect synchronization with acceptable hybrid seed yield, indicating suitability of TGMS system under Indian condition. Based on the outcrossing related traits viz. panicle exertion, angle of glume opening, stigma length and pollen size, TNAU18 S was identified as the best, followed by TS-29-150 GY.

Improving Blast Resistance of a Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Rice Line GD-8S by Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

The broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pi-1, from donor line BL122, was introduced into a thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice line GD-8S, which possessed good grain quality but high susceptibility to rice blast, by using backcross breeding and molecular marker-assisted selection. Five elite improved male sterile lines, RGD8S-1, RGD8S-2, RGD8S-3, RGD8S-4 and RGD8S-5, were selected based on the results of molecular marker analysis, spikelet sterility, recovery rate of genetic background and agronomic traits. Thirty-three representative blast isolates collected from Guangdong Province, China were used to inoculate the improved lines and the original line GD-8S artificially. The resistance frequencies of the improved lines ranged from 76.47% to 100%, much higher than that of the original line GD-8S (9.09%). On the agronomic characters, there were no significant differences between the improved lines and GD-8S except for flag leaf length and panicle number per plant. The improved lines could be used for breeding hybrid rice with high blast resistance.

Breeding double low super hybrids with dominant genic male sterility three lines in Brassica napus

A double low homozygous two-type sterile line ZY-2AB, its near-isogenic temporary maintainer line ZY-4, and the full sterile line ZY-3 derived from the cross of ZY-2A with ZY-4, were developed to breed three-line dominant GMS hybrid in Brassica napus. Three years data showed that the ratios of sterile and fertile plants fit the expected 1:1 ratio in ZY-2AB, and the 1:0 ratio in ZY-3, respectively. Some double low super hybrid combinations were screened out when the full sterile line ZY-3 was used as female parent, among which the combination 01Z24 increased 36.88 percent more yield than control and the combination 98Z131 has been passed through the Sichuan Provincial Regional Test and registered in Sichuan Province. Two years data showed that the agronomic performance of the two-line hybrids derived from crosses of ZY-2A with restorer lines versus that of the three-line hybrids produced by ZY-3 was not different for any of the nine most important agronomic characteristics, revealing that near-isogenic line of homozygous two-type line was used as temporary maintainer could effectively avoid the disadvantage of three-way cross hybrid in breeding three-line dominant GMS hybrid.

小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率研究

为了解小麦光温敏核雄性不育系BS366和BS1086的育性恢复状况,评估恢复系人工定向改良对其恢复能力的效果,在不育生态区对以55份定向改良的恢复系和33份非改良恢复系(常规小麦)为父本配制的杂种一代的结实率进行了分析。结果表明,BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率变化范围为15.42%~140.34%和20.28%~119.07%(国际法),平均结实率分别为73.02%和72.21%,二者差异不显著,说明2份母本的育性恢复能力差异不显著。BS366和BS1086杂种一代结实率主要分布于40%~110%和60%~100%间,BS1086杂种一代结实率分布更为集中。BS366和BS1086与改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为84.45%和78.97%,与非改良父本的杂种一代平均结实率分别为53.97%和60.95%,改良父本的平均恢复力高于非改良父本,表明定向改良有利于提高恢复系的恢复力。BS366和BS1086与相同父本的杂种一代结实率差异在-41.66%~61.93%之间,表明相同父本对不同母本的育性恢复力存在差异。BS366和BS1086与相同改良父本的杂种一代中有61.82%的结实率差异分布于-10%~20%之间,与相同非改良父本的杂种一代中有51.52%的结实率差异在-30%~0%之间,表明同一改良父本对不同母本的育性恢复力差异小于非改良父本。BS366与14份父本、BS1086与7份父本的杂种一代结实率高于对照,其中父本14YH261、14YH551、SD036与2份母本杂种一代的结实率均高于对照,说明具有可用恢复力的父本不仅数量极少,而且对不同母本的恢复力存在较大差异。杂种一代主茎穗的平均结实率极显著大于分蘖穗。因此,建议对不同母本分别开展强恢复力的恢复系筛选,并以中选强恢复系为亲本进行定向改良,有效增加杂种一代结实率达对照水平的组合数量,为获得更多强优势杂交组合奠定基础。

Thoughts and Practice on Some Problems about Research and Application of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

The main problems about research and application of two-line hybrid rice were reviewed, including the confusing nomenclature and male sterile lines classification, the unclear characteristics of photoperiod and temperature responses and the unsuitable site selection for male sterile line and hybrid rice seed production. In order to efficiently and accurately use dual-purpose genic male sterile lines, four types, including PTGMS (photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), TGMS (thermo-sensitive genic male sterile rice), reverse PTGMS and reverse TGMS, were proposed. A new idea for explaining the mechanism of sterility in dual-purpose hybrid rice was proposed. The transition from sterile to fertile was involved in the cooperative regulation of major-effect sterile genes and photoperiod and/or temperature sensitive ones. The minor-effect genes with accumulative effect on sterility were important factors that affected the critical temperature of sterility transfer. In order to make better use of dual-purpose lines, the characterization of responses to photoperiod and temperature of PTGMS should be made and the identification method for the characterization of photoperiod and temperature responses of PTGMS should also be put forward. The optimal ecological site for seed production could be determined according to the historical climate data and the requirements for the meteorological conditions during the different periods of seed production.

Selection of Submergence Tolerant Homozygous Line by STS Marker and Twice Submergence Stress

One sequence tagged site marker Sub1-1 and twice submergence stress method were used in selection of submergence tolerant homozygous line from Sub-1BS, a submergence tolerant, bentazon sensitive and photoperiod-sensitive and/or thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line that developed by our laboratory. The results revealed that the original Sub-1BS was heterozygous in Sub1A-1 locus even though it was identical in almost all of agronomical traits and the segregation of Sub1A-1 was in accordance with Mendelian law based on chi-square test. And then the original Sub-1BS was divided into two groups: one was of Sub1A-1 introgression and the other was not; and the two groups were tested by twice submergence stress method. After the first submergence stress that lasted for 12 d, the average plant heights were significant difference at the 1% level between the two groups. After recovery for 10 d, the second submergence stress sustained for 18 d was carried on; and the group with Sub1A-1 gene was found apparently tolerant than the other group in submergence tolerance.

Fertility Expression of TGMS-Genes in the Backgrounds of indica CMS-lines,B-lines and R-lines of Hybrid Rice

The generation fertility of 51 F1, 19 F2 and 6 BC1 between 3 thermo-sensitive genic male sterile lines (TGMS-lines) Pei’ai 64S, 6311S and 360S, and the three lines of hybrid rice including 7 indica cytoplasmic male sterile lines (CMS-lines) and their corresponding maintainer lines (B-lines) and 3 indica restorer lines (R-lines) were investigated to study the expression of TGMS-genes in the backgrounds of the three lines of hybrid rice. Pei’ai 64S has stronger fertility restoring (Rf) genes for CMS-lines and its TGMS trait is governed by 2 pairs of independent recessive genes; The TGMS trait of 6311S is governed by a single recessive gene with weaker Rf-gene in 6311S and the TGMS trait of 360S is governed by a single recessive gene with no Rf-gene in 360S. The investigation on the fertility of F1 plants between 5 CMS-lines and 4 TGMS generations selected from F2 plants of 4 CMS-lines × 6311S confirmed that the expression of TGMS-gene was controlled by Rf-gene in the genetic background of cytoplasm of CMS-lines, but not affected by Rf-gene in the genetic background of normal fertile cytoplasm. The potential breeding strategies of TGMS-lines with cytoplasm of CMS-lines and CMS-lines with the nucleus of TGMS-genes were discussed.

水稻籼型光温敏核不育系福7112S的选育及应用

籼型光温敏核不育系福7112S是以1892S为母本与优质自育材料R0564杂交,采用系谱法选育而成的。该不育系育性稳定、败育彻底、株型紧凑、抗性较好、米质较优,2019年通过安徽省农作物品种审定委员会组织的技术鉴定。本文介绍了福7112S的选育过程,阐述了其主要的特征特性和育性表现,分析了其配组应用,总结了繁殖制种技术,以期为福7112S的推广与应用提供参考。

节水抗旱稻光温敏雄性核不育系沪旱82S的选育与利用

沪旱82S是上海市农业生物基因中心利用沪旱3S(沪旱1S∕青四矮)和沪旱5S(沪旱1S∕黄华占)杂交,经上海和海南等多年异地交叉筛选,育成的光温敏雄性核不育系。其具有不育性稳定、不育起点温度较低、抗病性好、抗旱性强、稻米品质优(达部标3级)等特性,2018年10月通过了上海市品种审定委员会的田间鉴定。利用该不育系选配的两系节水抗旱稻品种‘旱两优8200’通过2021年国家审定;配组的‘旱两优8208’分别通过广西壮族自治区和江西省审定,2023年通过国家审定。

黄绿叶水稻光温敏核不育系gy157S的开花习性

【目的】探明水稻黄绿叶光温敏核不育系gy157S的开花习性,为特色水稻不育系在新品种选育中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以目前应用比较广泛的实用性水稻光温敏两系不育系C815S为对照,对比研究水稻黄绿叶光敏温不育系gy157S的花粉败育程度、开花习性、柱头外露率等开花习性。【结果】gy157S单株和单穗的开花持续期分别为15.9 d和10.2 d,在11:00—13:00有明显的开花高峰期,午前花率达60.86%,开颖角度为34.0°,自然条件下柱头外露率为65.0%,与C815S相似。gy157S的花粉不育度为99.97%~100.00%,优于C815S的99.73%~99.98%。【结论】gy157S开花习性良好,在11:00—13:00期间进行赶粉制种效率较高,在水稻两系杂交种生产中具有较大的应用价值。

籼型水稻温敏核不育系虬S的选育

虬S是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所以P88S为母本与常规稻广东三抗为父本杂交,通过福建沙县与海南三亚两地穿梭,经6 a 12代的定向培育成的籼型水稻温敏核不育系,具有米质优、外露率高、抗稻瘟、繁制种产量高等特点,2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定。

印度南瓜雄性核不育两用系Se-MA1802生理特性研究

植物雄性不育在育种和杂交种子生产具有一定的研究与利用价值。本文利用自主诱变并选择的具有核雄性不育特性的Se-MA1802印度南瓜材料,对两用系雄花花蕾不同时期生理特性进行比较研究。结果表明:不同时期,Se-MA1802中不育株雄花蕾的可溶性蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,丙二醛含量总体呈上升趋势,过氧化氢酶活性呈先下降后上升的趋势,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性高于可育株;可育株雄性花蕾可溶性蛋白质含量呈先上升后下降的趋势,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量均高于不育株,丙二醛的含量呈下降趋势,过氧化氢酶活性呈下降趋势。不育及可育株光合特性存在差异,两用系植株在春季和秋季光合速率差异显著,可育株春季光合速率高于秋季,不育株则相反。本研究可为印度南瓜雄性不育育种提供参考。

甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育系LY31AB的选育及利用

为充分利用细胞核雄性不育的优势,以甘蓝型油菜‘Q1012’商品油菜籽为来源,用系谱选育法选育出双低优质甘蓝型油菜隐性细胞核雄性不育系LY31AB,分析其育性、抗性、配合力等特点,并进行杂种优势利用。结果表明:LY31AB不育性遗传稳定,受2对隐性重叠基因控制,且在田间表现出良好的菌核病抗性和抗倒性;LY31AB配合力高、恢复源广、杂种优势强,其所配组合大多表现出明显的杂种优势;利用LY31AB育成并登记的乐油8号、得乐油1632、万家油520、乐油7号4个双低优质油菜新品种也均表现出菌核病抗性和良好的抗倒性,已被大面积推广应用。综上所述,LY31AB是一个选育系谱清楚、遗传性状稳定、品质优、丰产性好、抗性好、配合力高、恢复源广且具有良好杂种优势利用价值的不育系,有着广阔的应用前景。

水稻OsGMS2基因的鉴定及其核不育系种子繁殖体系构建

雄性不育是作物杂种优势利用的基础。本研究在籼稻93-1160Co-γ辐射诱变突变体库中鉴定了一个普通核雄性不育突变体osgms2。突变体雄性彻底败育,雌性育性正常,其他农艺性状与野生型一致。遗传分析表明雄性不育稳定遗传且为单基因隐性突变,通过与明恢63构建遗传群体将突变基因精细定位于水稻4号染色体长臂的分子标记S3b和4826之间86kb物理区间内。通过测序分析发现定位区间内一编码类成束阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白的基因LOC_Os04g48490编码区第118位至126位缺失连续9个碱基,导致氨基酸整码突变。OsGMS2与已报道的OsFLA1为同一基因,但是突变位点不同的新等位突变。粳稻中花11背景下的基因敲除和遗传互补实验证实了该基因的功能。实时荧光定量PCR(qPCR)表达分析模式显示,该基因在水稻各组织均有表达,但在花期和乳熟期种子表达量较高。蛋白同源比对分析发现,该蛋白序列保守,可能在不同物种中发挥重要功能。通过创建OsGMS2-T保持系成功实现了普通核不育系的繁殖。osgms2突变体的发现和基因鉴定为水稻普通核雄性不育研究及杂种优势利用提供了新的材料。

高产双低核不育杂交油菜新品种黔油31号的选育

【目的】选育适宜长江上游种植的产量高、含油量高、品质优、抗性好的双低油菜杂交种,满足长江上游复杂生态条件对双低油菜品种的需求。【方法】贵州省油料研究所利用自育隐性核不育两型系黔油6AB为母本、自育优良双低高含油量恢复系11-4490为父本,围绕高产高油优质多抗的甘蓝型半冬性隐性核不育两型系杂交油菜新品种的育种目标进行选育。【结果】在2014—2016年国家冬油菜品种区域试验(长江上游区)中,2015年和2016年黔油31号油菜籽产量分别为194.36 kg/667m^(2)和178.17 kg/667m^(2),分别较对照(南油12)增产11.78%和15.65%,达极显著水平;综合2年试验结果,22个点次中17个点增产,油菜籽平均产量186.26 kg/667m^(2),比对照增产13.72%。生育期205.9 d,比对照早熟0.2 d;株高193.00 cm,有效分枝数7.07个,单株有效角果数299.25个,角粒数18.78粒,千粒重4.10 g。黔油31号芥酸、硫甙和含油量分别为0.2%、25.59μmol/g和44.33%。【结论】黔油31号于2019年6月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,已在贵州大面积推广种植,其苗期生长势较强,成熟一致性好,分枝性较强,抗倒性较强,抗病性中等,丰产性好,品质达双低标准。适宜在贵州、四川、重庆、云南、陕西勉县等长江上游冬油菜主产区或相似区域秋季种植。

优质光温敏两系不育系邦S的选育与应用

[目的]开展异交特性好、综合性状优良的光温敏两系不育系选育,以培育高产优质两系杂交稻。[方法]采用光温敏两系不育种质华6S为母本和三系保持系种质9946B杂交,经4年7代的系谱法选育,育成了植株矮壮、株型紧凑、株叶形态好、熟期适中、米质优、抗性好的感温型两系不育系邦S,并分析了主要特征特性及其配合力。[结果]光温敏两系不育系邦S不育性稳定,临界温度<23℃;籽粒细长,谷粒长11.2 mm,长宽比达4.0;异交特性好,总外露率平均62.8%,其中双边外露率48.7%。邦S配合力好,先后配组出邦两优908、邦两优香占等7个高产、优质的两系杂交稻组合,并通过国家级或省级审定。[结论]光温敏两系不育系邦S不育性稳定,农艺性状优良,稻米品质优,繁殖系数高,杂种一代优势强,应用前景广泛。

低温敏核不育水稻go543S育性对温、光的反应

以新型光温敏核不育 ( PTGMS,Photo- thermo sensitive genic male sterile)水稻 go5 4 3S为材料 ,通过自然生态条件下和人工温、光处理条件下的育性观察 ,对其育性转换与温度和光周期的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :go5 4 3S育性主要受温度控制 ,表现为低温条件下不育、高温条件下可育 ,育性转换的不育临界温度值为 2 9.5℃ ,对温度敏感的部位是幼穗 ,敏感时期为花粉母细胞形成至减数分裂期 ,对应的剑叶叶枕距变化范围为 - 1 2 .2～ + 0 .7cm;育性敏感期在人工恒温 2 8.0℃条件下 ,无论长日 ( 1 4～ 1 6h)或短日 ( 1 0～1 2 h)处理均表现不育 ,其不育性不受光周期影响 ,在人工恒温 31 .5℃条件下 ,无论长日还是短日处理均表现可育 ,但短日可明显提高其可育性。

一种紫色水稻的遗传及其在光敏不育系育种中应用的研究

研究表明，本院获得的一种紫色水稻的植株色遗传受控于C、A、Pl3个独立基因座位上显性基因的互补作用，另有一独立的显性基因对Pl基因的表达起抑制作用．由于该抑制基因在籼稻中的高频率存在，因而，紫稻与一般绿稻品种杂交F1多表现为绿株．紫稻光敏不育（株）系的不育性表达和配合力表现，均可达到与普通光敏不育系相似的水平．本文还讨论了选育籼型紫稻光敏不育系设想的可行性．

水稻核不育系SE21S的选育与利用

以农垦 5 8S衍生系 16 4S为核不育基因供体 ,与引进的 IRRI系统 192份优良品种自由串粉 ,产生大群体F1 、 F2 ,在生态压力下选择不育起点温度低的单株。定时选择 ,育成具有光补性能的核不育系 SE2 1S。经杂种优势和配合力测定 ,选出两优 2 16 3和两优 2 186等系列强优组合。制种试验表明 ,SE2 1S具有良好的制种性状。SE2 1S与香稻品种配组 ,育成两优 2 12 0 1等系列组合 ,与 173等优良恢复系配组 ,产量与米质优势明显。 SE2

温敏核不育水稻育性对低温持续时间的敏感性差异比较研究

培矮 6 4S、810S、株 1S、陆 18S、72 9S、139S、康 2 0 1S、179S、香 12 5S等是一类高温条件下不育、低温条件下可育的高温敏型核不育水稻 ,它们的临界不育温度为 2 3～ 2 4℃左右 ;go5 4 3S是一类高温条件下可育、低温条件下不育的低温敏感核不育水稻 ,其临界不育温度为 2 9 5℃。分别在自然长日 (光长 14 2～ 13 7h)、高温 (日均气温 2 9 0～ 34 1℃ )条件下和短日 (光长 13 0～ 12 4h)、较低气温 (日均气温 2 3 9～ 2 8 1℃ )条件下对处于育性敏感期的温敏核不育水稻进行 1～ 6d的冷水 (2 1 5℃ 2 0 5℃ )处理 ,研究不同温敏核不育水稻育性对低温持续时间的敏感性差异。结果表明 :株 1S和陆 18S经 6d低温处理表现为稳定不育 ,对低温反应钝感 ,杂交制种最为安全 ;72 9S、139S、康 2 0 1S在长日、高温阶段经 5d处理表现为不育 ,在短日、较低气温阶段经 4d处理开始转为可育 ,对低温反应较钝感 ;培矮 6 4S和 810S在长日、高温阶段经 4d处理 ,在短日、较低气温阶段经 2d处理开始转为可育 ,对低温反应较敏感 ;179S、香 12 5S在长日、高温阶段经 3d处理 ,在短日、较低气温阶段经 2d处理就会出现可染花粉和自交结实 ,对低温反应敏感 ,杂交制种风险大 ;短暂低温和高温都会引起go5 4 3S的育性发生变化 。