A new,simple,rapid microbial assay was put forward for the detection of chloramphenicol(CAP)residues in Turbot muscles using luminescent bacteria DB(Photobacterium phosphoreum)as test organ-ism.By the luminescence inh...A new,simple,rapid microbial assay was put forward for the detection of chloramphenicol(CAP)residues in Turbot muscles using luminescent bacteria DB(Photobacterium phosphoreum)as test organ-ism.By the luminescence inhibition of DB,the concentrations of CAP were determined.CAP spiked inTurbot muscle tissues ranging from 0.5 to 100μg/kg was extracted using ethyl acetate and hexane.Themethod had a good recovery of 93.69% with a minimum detection limit of 0.65μg/kg.It can be per-formed within 30min following simple extraction.The method therefore proved to be advantageous overchromatographic procedures as it was inexpensive,quite sensitive and can be adopted for rapid screeningof CAP in Turbot tissues.展开更多
The single toxicity of cadmium（Cd） or 9 substituted phenols to Phtobacterium phosphoreum was determined, respectively. The results indicate that the single toxicity was related to group variety, group sum and substi...The single toxicity of cadmium（Cd） or 9 substituted phenols to Phtobacterium phosphoreum was determined, respectively. The results indicate that the single toxicity was related to group variety, group sum and substitutive positions. On the basis of single toxicity, the joint toxicity of Cd and 9 substituted phenols was measured. The result indicates that the joint toxicity was basically a simple addition of the single toxicity of them or close to simple addition of the single toxicity of them. QSAR equations were built from the joint toxicity and molecular structural descriptors of substituted phenols under the different Cd concentrations. It was shown that the joint toxicity under different Cd concentrations was related to the identical descriptors, the logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient（lgP） and the heat of formation（△Hf）, with R2=0.855, 0.878 and 0.780, respectively. Good agreement between the predicted and observed values was found with R2=0.837.展开更多
The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were...The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined, respectively. The toxic unit and the additive index were used to evaluate the joint toxicity. The result shows that the joint toxicity of each of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives is mainly simple addition of the toxicities of the two compounds. On this basis, the QSAR equation that was built from the single toxicity of aniline was used to predict the toxicity of the derivatives of aniline in the mixtures. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental values was found with R 2=0.921.展开更多
Johnson et al. (1993) showed that coexposure to UV-A between 300-400 nm enhanced the toxicity of nitrotoluenes to Phoiobacterium phosphoreum, a marine bioluminescent bacteria used in the Microtox test (Microbics Inc.)...Johnson et al. (1993) showed that coexposure to UV-A between 300-400 nm enhanced the toxicity of nitrotoluenes to Phoiobacterium phosphoreum, a marine bioluminescent bacteria used in the Microtox test (Microbics Inc.). This paper reports that UV-A photoenhanced the toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, other types of organic compounds, and some transition metals to P. phosphoreum. Coexposure to 400 μw/cm2 for 15 min increased the toxicity of psoralen, α-terthienyl, anthracene, acridine, fluoranthene,TNT, Cu2+, As3+, Ni2, and Cd2+. Phenanthrene was photoenhanced after 30 min coexposure at 400 μw/cm2+, and Mn2+ at 800 μw/cm2 aftef 15 min. Naphthalene was not enhanced at 800 μw/cm2 for 30 min展开更多
There is little information about the influence of organic solvents for low water-solubility organic compounds on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test,though it appears likely that much of data were obtained by us...There is little information about the influence of organic solvents for low water-solubility organic compounds on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test,though it appears likely that much of data were obtained by using solutions prepared with cosolvents or surfactants.In this study the influence of five stock solvents,including dimethyl sulphoxide（DMSO）,acetone,aether,ethanol,tetrahydrofuran,on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test was measured and different effective concentration values were obtained.DMSO was selected as the most suitable solvent for organic compounds with low water-solubility according to its good characteristics and less toxicity effect on Photobacterium phospherum.Chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene with proper solubility were selected to verify the effect of DMSO on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity.It was demonstrated that DMSO(concentration no higher than 0.20 mol·L-1) had little effect on the toxicity of organic chemicals with relative error no more than 10%.The successful application of DMSO as cosolvent provided a good example and a good idea to improve traditional acute toxicity test of Photobacterium phosphoreum,and broadened the application to identifying the toxicity of low water-solubility organic compounds.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No. 30500384)the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China (No. 2006AA09Z431)
文摘A new,simple,rapid microbial assay was put forward for the detection of chloramphenicol(CAP)residues in Turbot muscles using luminescent bacteria DB(Photobacterium phosphoreum)as test organ-ism.By the luminescence inhibition of DB,the concentrations of CAP were determined.CAP spiked inTurbot muscle tissues ranging from 0.5 to 100μg/kg was extracted using ethyl acetate and hexane.Themethod had a good recovery of 93.69% with a minimum detection limit of 0.65μg/kg.It can be per-formed within 30min following simple extraction.The method therefore proved to be advantageous overchromatographic procedures as it was inexpensive,quite sensitive and can be adopted for rapid screeningof CAP in Turbot tissues.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.40673059)Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University(No.20080501).
文摘The single toxicity of cadmium（Cd） or 9 substituted phenols to Phtobacterium phosphoreum was determined, respectively. The results indicate that the single toxicity was related to group variety, group sum and substitutive positions. On the basis of single toxicity, the joint toxicity of Cd and 9 substituted phenols was measured. The result indicates that the joint toxicity was basically a simple addition of the single toxicity of them or close to simple addition of the single toxicity of them. QSAR equations were built from the joint toxicity and molecular structural descriptors of substituted phenols under the different Cd concentrations. It was shown that the joint toxicity under different Cd concentrations was related to the identical descriptors, the logarithm of n-octanol/water partition coefficient（lgP） and the heat of formation（△Hf）, with R2=0.855, 0.878 and 0.780, respectively. Good agreement between the predicted and observed values was found with R2=0.837.
文摘The single toxicity of aniline and its derivatives and the joint toxicity of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives with the toxic unit ratios of 1∶1, 1∶4, 4∶1 to photobacterium phosphoreum were determined, respectively. The toxic unit and the additive index were used to evaluate the joint toxicity. The result shows that the joint toxicity of each of the binary mixtures of aniline and each of its derivatives is mainly simple addition of the toxicities of the two compounds. On this basis, the QSAR equation that was built from the single toxicity of aniline was used to predict the toxicity of the derivatives of aniline in the mixtures. Good agreement between the predicted and experimental values was found with R 2=0.921.
文摘Johnson et al. (1993) showed that coexposure to UV-A between 300-400 nm enhanced the toxicity of nitrotoluenes to Phoiobacterium phosphoreum, a marine bioluminescent bacteria used in the Microtox test (Microbics Inc.). This paper reports that UV-A photoenhanced the toxicity of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, other types of organic compounds, and some transition metals to P. phosphoreum. Coexposure to 400 μw/cm2 for 15 min increased the toxicity of psoralen, α-terthienyl, anthracene, acridine, fluoranthene,TNT, Cu2+, As3+, Ni2, and Cd2+. Phenanthrene was photoenhanced after 30 min coexposure at 400 μw/cm2+, and Mn2+ at 800 μw/cm2 aftef 15 min. Naphthalene was not enhanced at 800 μw/cm2 for 30 min
文摘There is little information about the influence of organic solvents for low water-solubility organic compounds on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test,though it appears likely that much of data were obtained by using solutions prepared with cosolvents or surfactants.In this study the influence of five stock solvents,including dimethyl sulphoxide（DMSO）,acetone,aether,ethanol,tetrahydrofuran,on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity test was measured and different effective concentration values were obtained.DMSO was selected as the most suitable solvent for organic compounds with low water-solubility according to its good characteristics and less toxicity effect on Photobacterium phospherum.Chlorobenzene and nitrobenzene with proper solubility were selected to verify the effect of DMSO on Photobacterium phosphoreum toxicity.It was demonstrated that DMSO(concentration no higher than 0.20 mol·L-1) had little effect on the toxicity of organic chemicals with relative error no more than 10%.The successful application of DMSO as cosolvent provided a good example and a good idea to improve traditional acute toxicity test of Photobacterium phosphoreum,and broadened the application to identifying the toxicity of low water-solubility organic compounds.
