A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO2 catalysts with different ion content (between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocat...A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO2 catalysts with different ion content (between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide. The catalytic activity was correlated with structural, electronic and surface examinations of the catalysts using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse spectrometer (EDS) and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. An enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for Zn2+ doping catalyst ranged from 0.1 at.% to 1.0 at.% which was attributed to the lengthened lifetime of electrons and holes. The improvement in photocatalytic activity could be also observed with the low doping concentration of Cr^3+ (0.1 at.%). However, the doping of Fe^3+, Mo^6+, Mn^2+ and the high doping concentration of Cr^3+ had no contribution to photocatalytic activity of nitric oxide.展开更多
A series of TiO 2-XSiO 2[X denotes the molar fraction(%) of silica in the mixed oxides] with different \{n(Ti)\}/n(Si) ratios was prepared with ammonia water as a hydrolysis catalyst. The photocatalysts prepared wer...A series of TiO 2-XSiO 2[X denotes the molar fraction(%) of silica in the mixed oxides] with different \{n(Ti)\}/n(Si) ratios was prepared with ammonia water as a hydrolysis catalyst. The photocatalysts prepared were characterized by XRD, thermal analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis and SPS. The characterization results of FTIR and UV-Vis spectra show that Ti atoms were gradually changed from octahedral coordination to tetrahedral coordination with the addition of silica, which is not beneficial for obtaining strong Brnsted acidity and higher photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity experiments, which were conducted by using heptane(or SO 2) as the model reactant, showed that TiO 2-SiO 2 containing a suitable amount of silica can exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO 2. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to three following factors: (1) smaller crystalline size; (2) higher thermal stability; (3) the new strong Brnsted acidity.展开更多
A new kind of porous nano-'IiO_2 composite films was prepared on the glasssubstrate with the water glass as binders and the sodium fluorosilicate as solidifying reagent. Themorphologies of the films were studied b...A new kind of porous nano-'IiO_2 composite films was prepared on the glasssubstrate with the water glass as binders and the sodium fluorosilicate as solidifying reagent. Themorphologies of the films were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The UV-Visspcctiophotometer was also used to investigate the absorption of the films. The gas-phasephotocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides on the composite film was carried out in Ti0_2/UVsystem, and some important factors affecting the photocatalytic oxidation were also studied such asthe catalyst concentration, vapor pressure and the presence of oxygen. The results showed theconversion of NO_x reached 97.5% alter 2 h UV-irradiation. The final product of photo-oxidation wasdetected to be HNO_3 by FT-IR. The way of photocatalytic oxidation of NO_x was possibly useful inthe practical application.展开更多
A simple and effective method of removing polluted organics in water is reported here.Titanium dioxide is a catalyst in photo-oxidation of monocrotophos.The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation and the kinetics of th...A simple and effective method of removing polluted organics in water is reported here.Titanium dioxide is a catalyst in photo-oxidation of monocrotophos.The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation and the kinetics of the reaction were studied. This same principle also leads to the construction of instrument of PTR-FIA analysis for monitoring organic phosphorus and phosphate in water.展开更多
TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. TiO2 was loaded on Bi12TiO20. The photocatalyst with different TiO2 loading was calcined at 723 K. The photocatalytic activity of decompositi...TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. TiO2 was loaded on Bi12TiO20. The photocatalyst with different TiO2 loading was calcined at 723 K. The photocatalytic activity of decomposition gaseous benzene was investigated in a batch reactor. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance. The result showed that TiO2/Bi12TiO20 absorbed much more ultraviolet light than Ti02 in the ultraviolet light region and showed red shift. The results indicated that the prepared photocatalyst can greatly promote the photocatalytic activity. The 2.0% TiO2/Bi12TiO20 system exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity.展开更多
GC/MS has been used to identify gas phase products and intermediates formed during the gas phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) on TiO(2) with low BET surface area. A new byproduct, oxalyl cholori...GC/MS has been used to identify gas phase products and intermediates formed during the gas phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) on TiO(2) with low BET surface area. A new byproduct, oxalyl choloride (ClCOCOCl) was detected together with other byproducts such as COCl(2), CHCl(3), DCAC and C(2)HCl(5). Firstly the method of perturbation on the reaction system was conducted. Very little amount of water was carried into the feed gas and subsequent changes were observed. The discussion based on the product distribution changes led to a postulated mechanism consisting of two stages.展开更多
Nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation was used to perform the advanced treatment of biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater. The effects of reaction time,nano-TiO2 dosage and initial p H of the wastewater ...Nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation was used to perform the advanced treatment of biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater. The effects of reaction time,nano-TiO2 dosage and initial p H of the wastewater on the removal rate of COD were tested. The GC/MS and EEM techniques were used to qualitatively analyze organic compounds in the wastewater before and after treatment. The result showed that after the biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater was treated by nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation under the conditions of reaction time 3 h,nano-TiO2 dosage 8 g/L,and pH 8. 0,the effluent COD was 61. 9 mg/L and its removal rate was 63. 8%. Additionally,the species of organic pollutants reduced from 12 to 6. Meanwhile,the content of humic-like and fulvic-like substances dropped dramatically.展开更多
Partial oxidation of methane into primary oxidation products with high value remains a challenge.In this work,photocatalytic oxidation of methane(CH_(4))with high methyl hydroperoxide(CH_(3)OOH)selectivity is achieved...Partial oxidation of methane into primary oxidation products with high value remains a challenge.In this work,photocatalytic oxidation of methane(CH_(4))with high methyl hydroperoxide(CH_(3)OOH)selectivity is achieved using pure titanium oxide(TiO_(2))without any cocatalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.The CH_(3)OOH production rate can reach up to 2050±88μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) at pH≈7.0 with 100%selectivity in the liquid product.The stable reaction cycle can reach more than 30 times.This low-cost system achieves superior CH_(4) conversion activity and selectivity compared with similar work.The energy of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))to adsorbed hydroperoxyl radical(^(*)OOH)has a significantly lower reaction energy than conversion to adsorbed hydroxyl radical(*OH)on the(210)surface of the TiO_(2).The^(*)OOH preferentially combines with methyl radical(·CH_(3))to form the most energetically favorable CH_(3)OOH.The mild oxidative environment of this system prevents the reduction of CH_(3)OOH to CH_(3)OH or over-oxidation of CH_(4),which ensures the final CH_(3)OOH with high selectivity and stability.This work provided a low-cost but highly efficient method to achieve partial oxidation with superior selectivity,i.e.,to convert CH_(4) into high-value chemicals.展开更多
A photocatalytic oxidation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using nano-TiO2 film, based on the use of a nano-TiO2-Ce(SO4)2 system and electrochemical detection, was proposed. The technique ...A photocatalytic oxidation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using nano-TiO2 film, based on the use of a nano-TiO2-Ce(SO4)2 system and electrochemical detection, was proposed. The technique was originated from the direct determination of the Ce(Ⅲ) concentration change resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. Ce(Ⅲ), which was produced by photocatalytic reduction of Ce(SO4)2, could be measured at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) chemically modified electrode (CME). The COD values by this method were calculated from the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current of Ce(Ⅲ) at the CME. Under the optimal operation conditions, the detection limit of 0.5 mg·L^-1 COD with the linear range of 1-600 mg·L^-1 was achieved. This method was also applied to determination of various COD of ground water and wastewater samples. The resuits were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods, i.e., permanganate and dichromate ones.展开更多
La_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation of Bi_(2)O_(3)with an aqueous solution of lanthanum precursor followed by calcination at different temperatures.The composite materials were used for...La_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation of Bi_(2)O_(3)with an aqueous solution of lanthanum precursor followed by calcination at different temperatures.The composite materials were used for the first time for the photocatalytic removal of Hg~0 from a simulated flue gas under UV light irradiation.The results showed that the sample containing 6 wt.%La_(2)O_(3)and calcined at 500°C has the highest dispersion of the active sites,which was promoted by the strong interaction with the support(i.e.,the formation of Bi-O-La species).Since they are fully accessible on the surface,the material also exhibits excellent optical properties while the heterojunction formed in La_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)promotes the separation and migration of photoelectron-hole pairs and thus Hg~0 oxidation efficiency is enhanced.The effects of the various factors(e.g.,the reaction temperature and composition of the simulated flue gas(i.e.,O_(2),NO,H_(2)O,and SO_(2)))on the efficiency of the Hg~0 photocatalytic oxidation were investigated.The results demonstrated that O_(2)and SO_(2)enhanced the efficiency of the reaction while the reaction temperature,NO,and H_(2)O had an inhibitory effect.展开更多
TiO_(2) supported on active carbon fiber(TiO_(2)/ACF),an absorbable photocatalyst,is a new kind of material applied in air purification.In this paper,the influence of environmental temperature(T)and relative humidity(...TiO_(2) supported on active carbon fiber(TiO_(2)/ACF),an absorbable photocatalyst,is a new kind of material applied in air purification.In this paper,the influence of environmental temperature(T)and relative humidity(RH)on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO_(2)/ACF were studied,and then,the purification capability of TiO_(2)/ACF was estimated.PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels,the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased.Moreover,quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO_(2)/ACF.So,it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique.T 525uC and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.展开更多
Self-assembled supramolecular structures with efficient singlet oxygen(1O2)-generation ability are expected to enable photocatalytic oxidation reactions.Herein,we use two photosensitizers,perylene diimide and benzothi...Self-assembled supramolecular structures with efficient singlet oxygen(1O2)-generation ability are expected to enable photocatalytic oxidation reactions.Herein,we use two photosensitizers,perylene diimide and benzothiadiazole derivative,as the boards to prepare two barrel-shaped metallacages viametal-coordination-driven self-assembly.展开更多
Lignocellulose shows significantly potential in sustainable conversion to high-quality fuel and valueadded chemicals with the demands for realizing the rapid cycle of carbon resources and helping to reach carbon neutr...Lignocellulose shows significantly potential in sustainable conversion to high-quality fuel and valueadded chemicals with the demands for realizing the rapid cycle of carbon resources and helping to reach carbon neutrality in nature.Selective tailoring of α-O-4,β-O-4,etc.linkages in lignin has always been viewed as "death blow" for its depolymerization.Herein,novel sodium lignosulfonate(SL) modified Fe_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)(SL-Fe_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)) spherical particles have been developed and used as catalysts for selectively photocatalytic oxidative cleavage of organosolv lignin.As expected,80% selective conversion of lignin in C2-C4 esters has been achieved,while C-O bonds in lignin model compounds can be effectively cleaved.Other than normal hydroxyl radical-mediated photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin over TiO_(2)-based materials,in this contribution,mechanism studies indicate that photogenerated holes and superoxide anion radicals are main active species,which trigger the cleavage of α/β-O-4 bond,and the isotopelabeling study confirms the crucial factor of C_β-H dehydrogenation in cleavage of β-O-4 bonds.展开更多
The synthesis of oxygen vacancies(OVs)-modified TiO_(2)under mild conditions is attractive.In this work,OVs were easily introduced in TiO_(2)lattice during the hydrothermal doping process of trivalent iron ions.Theore...The synthesis of oxygen vacancies(OVs)-modified TiO_(2)under mild conditions is attractive.In this work,OVs were easily introduced in TiO_(2)lattice during the hydrothermal doping process of trivalent iron ions.Theoretical calculations based on a novel charge-compensation structure model were employed with experimental methods to reveal the intrinsic photocatalytic mechanism of Fe-doped TiO_(2)(Fe-TiO_(2)).The OVs formation energy in Fe-TiO_(2)(1.12 eV)was only 23.6%of that in TiO_(2)(4.74 eV),explaining why Fe^(3+)doping could introduce OVs in the TiO_(2)lattice.The calculation results also indicated that impurity states introduced by Fe^(3+)and OVs enhanced the light absorption activity of TiO_(2).Additionally,charge carrier transport was investigated through the carrier lifetime and relative mass.The carrier lifetime of Fe-TiO_(2)(4.00,4.10,and 3.34 ns for 1at%,2at%,and 3at%doping contents,respectively)was longer than that of undoped TiO_(2)(3.22 ns),indicating that Fe^(3+) and OVs could promote charge carrier separation,which can be attributed to the larger relative effective mass of electrons and holes.Herein,Fe-TiO_(2)has higher photocatalytic indoor NO removal activity compared with other photocatalysts because it has strong light absorption activity and high carrier separation efficiency.展开更多
The efficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting was mainly limited by the slow reaction kinetics of water oxidation.How to design effective surface active site to overcome the slow water oxidation reaction wa...The efficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting was mainly limited by the slow reaction kinetics of water oxidation.How to design effective surface active site to overcome the slow water oxidation reaction was a major challenge.Here,we propose a strategy to accelerate surface water oxidation through the fabrication spatially separated double active sites.FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl-OVs photocatalyst with spatially separated double active site was prepared by hydrogen reduction photoanode deposition method.Due to the high matching of the spatial loading positions of FeCoPi and OVs with the photogenerated charge distribution of Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl and corresponding reaction mechanisms of substrate,the FeCoPi and OVs on the(001)and(010)crystal planes of Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl photocatalyst provided surface active site for water oxidation reaction and electron shuttle reaction(Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)),respectively.Under visible light irradiation,the evolution O_(2)rate of FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl OVs was 16.8μmol h^(-1),as 32.9 times as Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl.Furthermore,a hydrogen evolution co-catalyst PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)was prepared by sequential photodeposition method.Due to the introduction of Ru,the Schottky barrier between PbTiO_(3)and Pt was effectively reduced,which promoted the transfer of photogenerated electrons to PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)thermodynamically,the evolution H_(2)rate on PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)/PbTiO_(3)increased to 664.8 times.On based of the synchronous enhancement of the water oxidation performance on FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl-OVs and water reduction performance on PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)/PbTiO_(3),a novel Z-Scheme photocatalytic overall water splitting system(FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl-OVs)mediated by Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)had successfully constructed.Under visible light irradiation,the evolution rates of H_(2)and O_(2)were 2.5 and 1.3μmol h^(-1),respectively.This work can provide some reference for the design of active site and the controllable synthesis of OVs spatial position.On the other hand,the hydrogen evolution co catalyst(PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3))and the co catalyst FeCoPi for oxygen evolution contributed to the construction of an overall water splitting system.展开更多
This research focuses on the evaluation of diverse approaches for removing formaldehyde from indoor environments,which is a significant concern for indoor air quality.The study systematically examines physical,chemica...This research focuses on the evaluation of diverse approaches for removing formaldehyde from indoor environments,which is a significant concern for indoor air quality.The study systematically examines physical,chemical,and biological methods to ascertain their effectiveness in formaldehyde mitigation.Physical methods,including air circulation and adsorption,particularly with activated carbon and molecular sieves,are assessed for their efficiency in various concentration scenarios.Chemical methods,such as photocatalytic oxidation using titanium dioxide and plasma technology,are analyzed for their ability to decompose formaldehyde into non-toxic substances.Additionally,biological methods involving plant purification and microbial transformation are explored for their eco-friendly and sustainable removal capabilities.The paper concludes that while each method has its merits,a combined approach may offer the most effective solution for reducing indoor formaldehyde levels.The study underscores the need for further research to integrate these methods in a practical,cost-effective,and environmentally sustainable manner,highlighting their potential to improve indoor air quality significantly.展开更多
Iron-doped titania nanoparticles exhibit a higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO_2 for the degradation of nitrite. The optimum Fe-doped content in terms of activity is approximately 0.5%. The increase in photoa...Iron-doped titania nanoparticles exhibit a higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO_2 for the degradation of nitrite. The optimum Fe-doped content in terms of activity is approximately 0.5%. The increase in photoactivity is probably due to the higher adsorption and the inhibition of electron-hole recombination. The photocatalytic oxidation reaction of nitrite over the Fe-doped TiO_2 catalyst follows zero-order kinetics, which is different from that over pure TiO_2. The reaction rate decreases linearly with the increase of the pH of the solution.展开更多
Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to p...Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to promote the charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by substituting the benzene unit with furan/thiophene in porous organic polymers(POPs). Benefiting from the extent of local polarization, the thiophene-containing POP(JNU-218) exhibits the best photocatalytic performance in aerobic oxidation reactions, with a yield much higher than those for the furan-containing POP(JNU-217) and the benzenecontaining POP(JNU-216). Experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the increase of local polarization can indeed reduce the exciton binding energy, and therefore facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to tune charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by modulating the dipole moments of the building blocks in porous polymeric organic semiconductors.展开更多
( CdS/ TiO2 )/ MCM-41 loaded nanometer photocatalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and dipping process, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl thionine chloride in water was investigated by using the photocat...( CdS/ TiO2 )/ MCM-41 loaded nanometer photocatalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and dipping process, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl thionine chloride in water was investigated by using the photocatalyst. The experimental results show that the optimum concentration of CdS over TiO2 was 3% ( molar ratio ), the photocatalytic activity was enhanced when making TiO2 the anatase ptase with a rise of the roasting temperature, and the carrier, mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41, was beneficial to improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of methyl thionine chloride. The morphology and the crystalline phase of the photocatalyst were discussed by means of XRD and SEM techniques, and the reaction mechanism of catalytic properties was also discussed.展开更多
In the present work, the hybrid catalyst films of TiO2/CuO containing up to 10% in mol of copper were deposited onto glass surface. Precursor solutions were obtained by citrate precursor method. Films were porous and ...In the present work, the hybrid catalyst films of TiO2/CuO containing up to 10% in mol of copper were deposited onto glass surface. Precursor solutions were obtained by citrate precursor method. Films were porous and the average particle size was 20 nm determined by FEG-SEM analysis. The photocatalytic activities of these films were studied using Rhodamine B as a target compound in a fixed bed reactor developed in our laboratory and UV lamp. It was observed that the addition of copper to TiO2 increased significantly its photocatalytic activity during the oxidation of Rhodamine B. The degradation exceeded 90% within 48 hours of irradiation compared to 38% when pure TiO2 was used. Moreover, there was a reduction in the particles band gap energy when compared to that of pure TiO2. These results indicate that the TiO2/CuO films are promising catalysts for the development of fixed bed reactors to be used to treat effluents containing azo dyes.展开更多
基金Porject supported by the New Century Excellent Scholar Program of Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-04-0549)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20060401047).
文摘A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO2 catalysts with different ion content (between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide. The catalytic activity was correlated with structural, electronic and surface examinations of the catalysts using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy disperse spectrometer (EDS) and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques. An enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for Zn2+ doping catalyst ranged from 0.1 at.% to 1.0 at.% which was attributed to the lengthened lifetime of electrons and holes. The improvement in photocatalytic activity could be also observed with the low doping concentration of Cr^3+ (0.1 at.%). However, the doping of Fe^3+, Mo^6+, Mn^2+ and the high doping concentration of Cr^3+ had no contribution to photocatalytic activity of nitric oxide.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2 0 2 770 15 )
文摘A series of TiO 2-XSiO 2[X denotes the molar fraction(%) of silica in the mixed oxides] with different \{n(Ti)\}/n(Si) ratios was prepared with ammonia water as a hydrolysis catalyst. The photocatalysts prepared were characterized by XRD, thermal analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis and SPS. The characterization results of FTIR and UV-Vis spectra show that Ti atoms were gradually changed from octahedral coordination to tetrahedral coordination with the addition of silica, which is not beneficial for obtaining strong Brnsted acidity and higher photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic activity experiments, which were conducted by using heptane(or SO 2) as the model reactant, showed that TiO 2-SiO 2 containing a suitable amount of silica can exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO 2. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to three following factors: (1) smaller crystalline size; (2) higher thermal stability; (3) the new strong Brnsted acidity.
基金Supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Programme of the Ninth Five year Plan of China (96 554 03 01)
文摘A new kind of porous nano-'IiO_2 composite films was prepared on the glasssubstrate with the water glass as binders and the sodium fluorosilicate as solidifying reagent. Themorphologies of the films were studied by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The UV-Visspcctiophotometer was also used to investigate the absorption of the films. The gas-phasephotocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides on the composite film was carried out in Ti0_2/UVsystem, and some important factors affecting the photocatalytic oxidation were also studied such asthe catalyst concentration, vapor pressure and the presence of oxygen. The results showed theconversion of NO_x reached 97.5% alter 2 h UV-irradiation. The final product of photo-oxidation wasdetected to be HNO_3 by FT-IR. The way of photocatalytic oxidation of NO_x was possibly useful inthe practical application.
文摘A simple and effective method of removing polluted organics in water is reported here.Titanium dioxide is a catalyst in photo-oxidation of monocrotophos.The mechanism of photocatalytic oxidation and the kinetics of the reaction were studied. This same principle also leads to the construction of instrument of PTR-FIA analysis for monitoring organic phosphorus and phosphate in water.
文摘TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method using tetrabutyl titanate as precursor. TiO2 was loaded on Bi12TiO20. The photocatalyst with different TiO2 loading was calcined at 723 K. The photocatalytic activity of decomposition gaseous benzene was investigated in a batch reactor. The prepared photocatalyst was characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance. The result showed that TiO2/Bi12TiO20 absorbed much more ultraviolet light than Ti02 in the ultraviolet light region and showed red shift. The results indicated that the prepared photocatalyst can greatly promote the photocatalytic activity. The 2.0% TiO2/Bi12TiO20 system exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity.
文摘GC/MS has been used to identify gas phase products and intermediates formed during the gas phase photocatalytic oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) on TiO(2) with low BET surface area. A new byproduct, oxalyl choloride (ClCOCOCl) was detected together with other byproducts such as COCl(2), CHCl(3), DCAC and C(2)HCl(5). Firstly the method of perturbation on the reaction system was conducted. Very little amount of water was carried into the feed gas and subsequent changes were observed. The discussion based on the product distribution changes led to a postulated mechanism consisting of two stages.
文摘Nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation was used to perform the advanced treatment of biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater. The effects of reaction time,nano-TiO2 dosage and initial p H of the wastewater on the removal rate of COD were tested. The GC/MS and EEM techniques were used to qualitatively analyze organic compounds in the wastewater before and after treatment. The result showed that after the biologically treated chemical comprehensive wastewater was treated by nano-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation under the conditions of reaction time 3 h,nano-TiO2 dosage 8 g/L,and pH 8. 0,the effluent COD was 61. 9 mg/L and its removal rate was 63. 8%. Additionally,the species of organic pollutants reduced from 12 to 6. Meanwhile,the content of humic-like and fulvic-like substances dropped dramatically.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21972028)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000).
文摘Partial oxidation of methane into primary oxidation products with high value remains a challenge.In this work,photocatalytic oxidation of methane(CH_(4))with high methyl hydroperoxide(CH_(3)OOH)selectivity is achieved using pure titanium oxide(TiO_(2))without any cocatalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.The CH_(3)OOH production rate can reach up to 2050±88μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1) at pH≈7.0 with 100%selectivity in the liquid product.The stable reaction cycle can reach more than 30 times.This low-cost system achieves superior CH_(4) conversion activity and selectivity compared with similar work.The energy of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))to adsorbed hydroperoxyl radical(^(*)OOH)has a significantly lower reaction energy than conversion to adsorbed hydroxyl radical(*OH)on the(210)surface of the TiO_(2).The^(*)OOH preferentially combines with methyl radical(·CH_(3))to form the most energetically favorable CH_(3)OOH.The mild oxidative environment of this system prevents the reduction of CH_(3)OOH to CH_(3)OH or over-oxidation of CH_(4),which ensures the final CH_(3)OOH with high selectivity and stability.This work provided a low-cost but highly efficient method to achieve partial oxidation with superior selectivity,i.e.,to convert CH_(4) into high-value chemicals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20327001), the Key Research & Development Program of China (No. 2004BA210A07).
文摘A photocatalytic oxidation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using nano-TiO2 film, based on the use of a nano-TiO2-Ce(SO4)2 system and electrochemical detection, was proposed. The technique was originated from the direct determination of the Ce(Ⅲ) concentration change resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. Ce(Ⅲ), which was produced by photocatalytic reduction of Ce(SO4)2, could be measured at a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) chemically modified electrode (CME). The COD values by this method were calculated from the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current of Ce(Ⅲ) at the CME. Under the optimal operation conditions, the detection limit of 0.5 mg·L^-1 COD with the linear range of 1-600 mg·L^-1 was achieved. This method was also applied to determination of various COD of ground water and wastewater samples. The resuits were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods, i.e., permanganate and dichromate ones.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFC0210500 and 2018YFC0213400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52070090 and 51868030)。
文摘La_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation of Bi_(2)O_(3)with an aqueous solution of lanthanum precursor followed by calcination at different temperatures.The composite materials were used for the first time for the photocatalytic removal of Hg~0 from a simulated flue gas under UV light irradiation.The results showed that the sample containing 6 wt.%La_(2)O_(3)and calcined at 500°C has the highest dispersion of the active sites,which was promoted by the strong interaction with the support(i.e.,the formation of Bi-O-La species).Since they are fully accessible on the surface,the material also exhibits excellent optical properties while the heterojunction formed in La_(2)O_(3)/Bi_(2)O_(3)promotes the separation and migration of photoelectron-hole pairs and thus Hg~0 oxidation efficiency is enhanced.The effects of the various factors(e.g.,the reaction temperature and composition of the simulated flue gas(i.e.,O_(2),NO,H_(2)O,and SO_(2)))on the efficiency of the Hg~0 photocatalytic oxidation were investigated.The results demonstrated that O_(2)and SO_(2)enhanced the efficiency of the reaction while the reaction temperature,NO,and H_(2)O had an inhibitory effect.
基金We are pleased to acknowledge research support from“Joint Research Grant to both Nankai University and Tianjin University”and“Trans-Century Training Program Foundation for the Talents”sponsored by the Ministry of Education,China,and the project under Tianjin’s Science and Technology Development Plan(Grant No.06YFGPSHO4200).
文摘TiO_(2) supported on active carbon fiber(TiO_(2)/ACF),an absorbable photocatalyst,is a new kind of material applied in air purification.In this paper,the influence of environmental temperature(T)and relative humidity(RH)on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO_(2)/ACF were studied,and then,the purification capability of TiO_(2)/ACF was estimated.PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels,the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased.Moreover,quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO_(2)/ACF.So,it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique.T 525uC and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system.
文摘Self-assembled supramolecular structures with efficient singlet oxygen(1O2)-generation ability are expected to enable photocatalytic oxidation reactions.Herein,we use two photosensitizers,perylene diimide and benzothiadiazole derivative,as the boards to prepare two barrel-shaped metallacages viametal-coordination-driven self-assembly.
基金the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of China (21736003, 22178130 and 22005106)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2020A0505100008)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (202206010024)。
文摘Lignocellulose shows significantly potential in sustainable conversion to high-quality fuel and valueadded chemicals with the demands for realizing the rapid cycle of carbon resources and helping to reach carbon neutrality in nature.Selective tailoring of α-O-4,β-O-4,etc.linkages in lignin has always been viewed as "death blow" for its depolymerization.Herein,novel sodium lignosulfonate(SL) modified Fe_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)(SL-Fe_(3)O_(4)/TiO_(2)) spherical particles have been developed and used as catalysts for selectively photocatalytic oxidative cleavage of organosolv lignin.As expected,80% selective conversion of lignin in C2-C4 esters has been achieved,while C-O bonds in lignin model compounds can be effectively cleaved.Other than normal hydroxyl radical-mediated photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin over TiO_(2)-based materials,in this contribution,mechanism studies indicate that photogenerated holes and superoxide anion radicals are main active species,which trigger the cleavage of α/β-O-4 bond,and the isotopelabeling study confirms the crucial factor of C_β-H dehydrogenation in cleavage of β-O-4 bonds.
基金supported by the BJAST High-level Innovation Team Program (No.BGS202001)the Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (No.2022-ZZ-046)+3 种基金the National Natural and Science Foundation of China (No.51972026)the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)Grant-in-Aid for the Scientific Research (KAKENHI,Nos.16H06439 and 20H00297)the Dynamic Alliance for Open Innovations Bridging Human,Environment and Materials,the Cooperative Research Program of“Network Joint Research Center for Materials and Devices.”the scholarship granted to a visiting Ph.D.student of the Inter-University Exchange Project by the China Scholarship Council (CSC,No.201906460113)。
文摘The synthesis of oxygen vacancies(OVs)-modified TiO_(2)under mild conditions is attractive.In this work,OVs were easily introduced in TiO_(2)lattice during the hydrothermal doping process of trivalent iron ions.Theoretical calculations based on a novel charge-compensation structure model were employed with experimental methods to reveal the intrinsic photocatalytic mechanism of Fe-doped TiO_(2)(Fe-TiO_(2)).The OVs formation energy in Fe-TiO_(2)(1.12 eV)was only 23.6%of that in TiO_(2)(4.74 eV),explaining why Fe^(3+)doping could introduce OVs in the TiO_(2)lattice.The calculation results also indicated that impurity states introduced by Fe^(3+)and OVs enhanced the light absorption activity of TiO_(2).Additionally,charge carrier transport was investigated through the carrier lifetime and relative mass.The carrier lifetime of Fe-TiO_(2)(4.00,4.10,and 3.34 ns for 1at%,2at%,and 3at%doping contents,respectively)was longer than that of undoped TiO_(2)(3.22 ns),indicating that Fe^(3+) and OVs could promote charge carrier separation,which can be attributed to the larger relative effective mass of electrons and holes.Herein,Fe-TiO_(2)has higher photocatalytic indoor NO removal activity compared with other photocatalysts because it has strong light absorption activity and high carrier separation efficiency.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22369022)Technology Innovation Leading Program of Shaanxi(2022QFY07-03)。
文摘The efficiency of photocatalytic overall water splitting was mainly limited by the slow reaction kinetics of water oxidation.How to design effective surface active site to overcome the slow water oxidation reaction was a major challenge.Here,we propose a strategy to accelerate surface water oxidation through the fabrication spatially separated double active sites.FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl-OVs photocatalyst with spatially separated double active site was prepared by hydrogen reduction photoanode deposition method.Due to the high matching of the spatial loading positions of FeCoPi and OVs with the photogenerated charge distribution of Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl and corresponding reaction mechanisms of substrate,the FeCoPi and OVs on the(001)and(010)crystal planes of Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl photocatalyst provided surface active site for water oxidation reaction and electron shuttle reaction(Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)),respectively.Under visible light irradiation,the evolution O_(2)rate of FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl OVs was 16.8μmol h^(-1),as 32.9 times as Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl.Furthermore,a hydrogen evolution co-catalyst PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)was prepared by sequential photodeposition method.Due to the introduction of Ru,the Schottky barrier between PbTiO_(3)and Pt was effectively reduced,which promoted the transfer of photogenerated electrons to PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)thermodynamically,the evolution H_(2)rate on PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)/PbTiO_(3)increased to 664.8 times.On based of the synchronous enhancement of the water oxidation performance on FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl-OVs and water reduction performance on PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3)/PbTiO_(3),a novel Z-Scheme photocatalytic overall water splitting system(FeCoPi/Bi_(4)NbO_(8)Cl-OVs)mediated by Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)had successfully constructed.Under visible light irradiation,the evolution rates of H_(2)and O_(2)were 2.5 and 1.3μmol h^(-1),respectively.This work can provide some reference for the design of active site and the controllable synthesis of OVs spatial position.On the other hand,the hydrogen evolution co catalyst(PtRu@Cr_(2)O_(3))and the co catalyst FeCoPi for oxygen evolution contributed to the construction of an overall water splitting system.
文摘This research focuses on the evaluation of diverse approaches for removing formaldehyde from indoor environments,which is a significant concern for indoor air quality.The study systematically examines physical,chemical,and biological methods to ascertain their effectiveness in formaldehyde mitigation.Physical methods,including air circulation and adsorption,particularly with activated carbon and molecular sieves,are assessed for their efficiency in various concentration scenarios.Chemical methods,such as photocatalytic oxidation using titanium dioxide and plasma technology,are analyzed for their ability to decompose formaldehyde into non-toxic substances.Additionally,biological methods involving plant purification and microbial transformation are explored for their eco-friendly and sustainable removal capabilities.The paper concludes that while each method has its merits,a combined approach may offer the most effective solution for reducing indoor formaldehyde levels.The study underscores the need for further research to integrate these methods in a practical,cost-effective,and environmentally sustainable manner,highlighting their potential to improve indoor air quality significantly.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Iron-doped titania nanoparticles exhibit a higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO_2 for the degradation of nitrite. The optimum Fe-doped content in terms of activity is approximately 0.5%. The increase in photoactivity is probably due to the higher adsorption and the inhibition of electron-hole recombination. The photocatalytic oxidation reaction of nitrite over the Fe-doped TiO_2 catalyst follows zero-order kinetics, which is different from that over pure TiO_2. The reaction rate decreases linearly with the increase of the pH of the solution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21731002,21975104,22101099,22150004,22271120)Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Research(2019B030302009)+1 种基金the Outstanding Innovative Talents Cultivation Funded Programs for Doctoral Students of Jinan University(2022CXB007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Jinan University(21621035)。
文摘Photocatalytic aerobic oxidation reactions are largely governed by the efficiency of charge separation and subsequent reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Herein, we report a polarization engineering strategy to promote the charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by substituting the benzene unit with furan/thiophene in porous organic polymers(POPs). Benefiting from the extent of local polarization, the thiophene-containing POP(JNU-218) exhibits the best photocatalytic performance in aerobic oxidation reactions, with a yield much higher than those for the furan-containing POP(JNU-217) and the benzenecontaining POP(JNU-216). Experimental studies and theoretical calculations reveal that the increase of local polarization can indeed reduce the exciton binding energy, and therefore facilitate the separation of electron-hole pairs. This work demonstrates a viable strategy to tune charge separation and ROS generation efficiency by modulating the dipole moments of the building blocks in porous polymeric organic semiconductors.
基金Funded by Special Fund of Education Department of ShaanxiProvince(No.03JK144)
文摘( CdS/ TiO2 )/ MCM-41 loaded nanometer photocatalyst was prepared by the sol-gel method and dipping process, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl thionine chloride in water was investigated by using the photocatalyst. The experimental results show that the optimum concentration of CdS over TiO2 was 3% ( molar ratio ), the photocatalytic activity was enhanced when making TiO2 the anatase ptase with a rise of the roasting temperature, and the carrier, mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41, was beneficial to improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for photocatalytic degradation of methyl thionine chloride. The morphology and the crystalline phase of the photocatalyst were discussed by means of XRD and SEM techniques, and the reaction mechanism of catalytic properties was also discussed.
基金FAPESP,FAPEMIG,CAPES and CNPq for the financial support.
文摘In the present work, the hybrid catalyst films of TiO2/CuO containing up to 10% in mol of copper were deposited onto glass surface. Precursor solutions were obtained by citrate precursor method. Films were porous and the average particle size was 20 nm determined by FEG-SEM analysis. The photocatalytic activities of these films were studied using Rhodamine B as a target compound in a fixed bed reactor developed in our laboratory and UV lamp. It was observed that the addition of copper to TiO2 increased significantly its photocatalytic activity during the oxidation of Rhodamine B. The degradation exceeded 90% within 48 hours of irradiation compared to 38% when pure TiO2 was used. Moreover, there was a reduction in the particles band gap energy when compared to that of pure TiO2. These results indicate that the TiO2/CuO films are promising catalysts for the development of fixed bed reactors to be used to treat effluents containing azo dyes.