Intelligent diagnosis of retinal vein occlusion based on color fundus photographs

AIM:To develop an artificial intelligence(AI)diagnosis model based on deep learning(DL)algorithm to diagnose different types of retinal vein occlusion(RVO)by recognizing color fundus photographs(CFPs).METHODS:Totally 914 CFPs of healthy people and patients with RVO were collected as experimental data sets,and used to train,verify and test the diagnostic model of RVO.All the images were divided into four categories[normal,central retinal vein occlusion(CRVO),branch retinal vein occlusion(BRVO),and macular retinal vein occlusion(MRVO)]by three fundus disease experts.Swin Transformer was used to build the RVO diagnosis model,and different types of RVO diagnosis experiments were conducted.The model’s performance was compared to that of the experts.RESULTS:The accuracy of the model in the diagnosis of normal,CRVO,BRVO,and MRVO reached 1.000,0.978,0.957,and 0.978;the specificity reached 1.000,0.986,0.982,and 0.976;the sensitivity reached 1.000,0.955,0.917,and 1.000;the F1-Sore reached 1.000,0.9550.943,and 0.887 respectively.In addition,the area under curve of normal,CRVO,BRVO,and MRVO diagnosed by the diagnostic model were 1.000,0.900,0.959 and 0.970,respectively.The diagnostic results were highly consistent with those of fundus disease experts,and the diagnostic performance was superior.CONCLUSION:The diagnostic model developed in this study can well diagnose different types of RVO,effectively relieve the work pressure of clinicians,and provide help for the follow-up clinical diagnosis and treatment of RVO patients.

Impacts of canopy structure on the sub-canopy solar radiation under a deciduous forest based on fisheye photographs

Forest canopy in a deciduous forest has significant sheltering effects on the sub-canopy solar radiation,significantly influencing the energy balance of snow and permafrost beneath the forest and their spatial distribution.This study employs a digital camera mounted with a fisheye lens to acquire photographs at various times in a growth cycle of the forest canopy at three selected sites in a deciduous forest near the Greater Khingan Mountains Forest Ecological Station,Northeast China.The vegetation types and conditions at the selected sites include P1 in Ledum-Claopodium-L.dahurica,P2 in Carex tato-L.dahurica,and P3 in Betula fruticosa-L.dahurica.After necessary image processing,these photographs were used to identify the canopy structure and its impacts on the sub-canopy solar radiation.Results show that fisheye photographs can successfully capture the forest canopy structure and are useful in estimating the sub-canopy solar radiation.The order of sheltering effects from the largest to the smallest on sub-canopy solar radiation at three selected sites is P3,P1,and P2,highly depending on the canopy density.Then sub-canopy solar radiation was calculated using fisheye photographs and an algorithm validated by in-situ observed solar radiation beneath the canopy at P1 and P3.The results are reasonable,although the accuracy seems compromised due to the mismatch of conditions for calculation and observation.Results also show that the mean annual solar radiation above the canopy was about 148.3 W/m2 in 2018,and the mean annual solar radiation values beneath the canopy were about 90.0,123.8,and 61.0 W/m2 at P1,P2,and P3,with only 60%,84%,and 42%of the total solar radiation penetrating through the canopy,respectively.Even in winter,when the trees are leafless,the canopy sheltering effects cannot be ignored in dense forests.Despite the limitations,fisheye photographs and related algorithms are useful in investigating the forest canopy structure and its impacts on sub-canopy solar radiation.

Illustration of Cover Photographs

The cellulose solution was prepared by dissolving cellulose in alkali/urea or thiourea aqueous system at low temperature.Then,the cellulose solution was treated through different processing technologies such as electrospinning method,sol-gel transition method,optimal extrusion dropping technology,

系统功能语言学视角下Dianne Wolfer的作品Photographs in the Mud的及物性分析

Photographs in the Mud是澳大利亚作家Dianne Wolfer的第一部图画书,该书从一个澳大利亚士兵和一个日本士兵以及远方等待他们平安归来的家庭三者的角度描述了二战中太平洋科科达战役的一场战斗。通过言语交流让这两个不同阵营的士兵产生共鸣。及物性在刻画人物和篇章衔接方面起关键作用。因此该文通过运用系统功能语言学及物性系统的六大过程对本书选段进行了分析,得出文字背后隐含的深层含义,即士兵面对国家义务和家人责任之间选择的矛盾,他们内心厌恶战争却又不得不为了自己的国家而参战的矛盾,反映出战争不仅给两个士兵还有他们的家人造成的悲剧的新思考。

What Can We Learn from Photographs?

In this country, lots of people like to take photographs.We can see photographs bulging from wallets andalbums; fall from drawers and closets; clutter up desktops and wall space; fill countless frames and slideprojectors. Most of them are visual records of ourfamilies extending back through generations and inclu-

野生动物摄影师:因热爱而发光

大卫·普卢默是一位顶级的野生动物摄影师,一年中有几个月的时间他都在世界各地拍摄野生动物。1For David Plummer,wildlife and photography remained his passions.When he was 26,David took the leap to work towards becoming a professional wildlife photographer.“I moved to Sussex and did various odd jobs-which included cleaning and care work-in order to survive while I built my contacts and work experience,”he says.“Being a volun-teer photographer for the Sussex Wildlife Trust was a turning point.”

Repurposing a deep learning network to filter and classify volunteered photographs for land cover and land use characterization

This paper extends recent research into the usefulness of volunteered photos for land cover extraction,and investigates whether this usefulness can be automatically assessed by an easily accessible,off-the-shelf neural network pre-trained on a variety of scene characteristics.Geotagged photographs are sometimes presented to volunteers as part of a game which requires them to extract relevant facts about land use.The challenge is to select the most relevant photographs in order to most efficiently extract the useful information while maintaining the engagement and interests of volunteers.By repurposing an existing network which had been trained on an extensive library of potentially relevant features,we can quickly carry out initial assessments of the general value of this approach,pick out especially salient features,and identify focus areas for future neural network training and development.We compare two approaches to extract land cover information from the network:a simple post hoc weighting approach accessible to non-technical audiences and a more complex decision tree approach that involves training on domain-specific features of interest.Both approaches had reasonable success in characterizing human influence within a scene when identifying the land use types(as classified by Urban Atlas)present within a buffer around the photograph’s location.This work identifies important limitations and opportunities for using volunteered photographs as follows:(1)the false precision of a photograph’s location is less useful for identifying on-the-spot land cover than the information it can give on neighbouring combinations of land cover;(2)groundacquired photographs,interpreted by a neural network,can supplement plan view imagery by identifying features which will never be discernible from above;(3)when dealing with contexts where there are very few exemplars of particular classes,an independent a posteriori weighting of existing scene attributes and categories can buffer against over-specificity.

Epidemiological study of hypertensive retinopathy in the primary care setting: Retrospective cross-sectional review of retinal photographs

Objective:The objective is to estimate the prevalence and grading of hypertensive retinopa-thy in the primary care setting;examine the patient characteristics associated with hypertensive retinopathy;and examine the association of hypertensive retinopathy and other hypertension complications.Methods:This is a retrospective cross-sectional study.Subjects included adult hypertensive patients with available and gradable retinal photographs.Results:Two hundred fifty-six male hypertensive patients(34.3%)and 491 female hyper-tensive patients(65.7%)were included.The average duration of hypertension was 7.2 years,and 49.8%and 41.2%of patients were taking one or two antihypertensive medications respectively.Among 1491 qualified retinal photographs(744 right eye and 747 left eye),24.9%,62.6%,and 12.5%were classified as showing normal,mild,and moderate hypertensive retinopathy respec-tively.The three commonest retinal signs were generalized or focal arteriolar narrowing(650 cases,43.6%),hard exudates(168 cases,11.3%),and opacity(copper or silver wiring)of the arteriolar wall(166 cases,11.1%).Patients older than 61 years,having hypertension for more than 15 years,or taking three or more antihypertensive medications were significantly associated with hyperten-sive retinopathy(P<0.05).Conclusion:In a primary care clinic in Hong Kong,77.1%of hypertensive patients had hypertensive retinopathy.Advanced hypertensive retinopathy was the commonest target organ damage for hypertensive patients in a primary care clinic.

Rails in Pics

Railway photographer He Junyun records wonderful moments on the China-Laos Railway with his camera.Click,click!He Junyun pressed the shutter of his camera as a train shot down the tracks.As a rail photographer,it’s a routine he has done thousands of times as he witnessed the construction of the China-Laos Railway from start to finish accompanied by the changes and expectations brought by the“iron dragon”.

Preparation of earthquake-triggered landslide inventory maps using remote sensing and GIS technologies:Principles and case studies

Inventory maps of earthquake-triggered landslides can be constructed using several methods,which are often subject to obvious differences due to lack of commonly accepted criteria or principles,To solve this problem,the author describes the principles for preparing inventory maps of earthquake-triggered landslides,focusing on varied methods and their criteria,The principles include the following key points：all landslides should be mapped as long as they can be recognized from images;both the boundary and source area position of landslides should be mapped;spatial distribution pattern of earthquake-triggered landslides should be continuous;complex landslides should be divided into distinct groups;three types of errors such as precision of the location and boundary of landslides,false positive errors,and false negative errors of earthquake-triggered landslide inventories should be controlled and reduced;and inventories of co-seismic landslides should be constructed by the visual interpretation method rather than automatic extraction of satellite images or/and aerial photographs,In addition,selection of remote sensing images and creation of landslides attribute database are also discussed in this paper,Then the author applies these principles to produce inventory maps of four events：the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan,China M_w 7.9,14 April 2010 Yushu,China M_w 6,9,12 January 2010 Haiti M_w7.0,and 2007 Aysen Fjord,Chile M_w 6.2,The results show obvious differences in comparison with previous studies by other researchers,which again attest to the necessity of establishment of unified principles for preparation of inventory maps of earthquake-triggered landslides.

医院信息系统的设计与开发

本文在深入研究数据仓库、联机分析处理技术及医学图象处理技术的基础上 ,设计并实现了医院信息系统。本系统由医院业务核算系统。

Assessment of Mangrove Covers Change and Biomass in Mida creek, Kenya

This study uses old aerial photographs, current high resolution satellite images and ground truthing to analyze the patterns and dynamics of Mida Creek mangrove forest changes over 41 years from 1969-2010. A non-distractive method was used to collect data on 25 sample plots and 934 trees were measured to estimate the above ground biomass and carbon stock of the forest. General published allometric equations with variables of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and wood density (ρ) which were species specific were used to estimate above ground biomass. A decline in mangrove cover (16%) took place between 1969 and 1989 and between 1989 and 2010 an increment was observed in mangrove cover (1452.5 ha in 1989 to 1655.7 ha in 2010). Signs of degradation within the mangrove forest were observed in 2010 in which the degraded land covered 8.8 ha. The total above ground biomass and carbon estimated on the 25 plots was 296.14 ton·ha-1 and 148.07 ton·ha-1 respectively. Mida Creek mangrove forest is largely dominated by the presence of Rhizophora mucronata and Ceriop tagal and the regeneration of these two species is very high. If the present dominance of the two species continues it will affect the species composition of the current mangrove forest. This study recommends a better management plan for the mangrove forest through increasing involvement of the surrounding communities. Furthermore, there should be a way to control selective and illegal cutting of mangroves and promote other species of trees for domestic and commercial use to reduce the high dependency on the use of mangroves for construction purposes.

Testing Geographical Methodology and Tools for the Study of Territories Damaged by Earthquakes. The Case of L’Aquila and Other Localities Three Years after the April 6th 2009 Event

In this paper, we discuss a geographical methodology supported by specific geo-technologies which we are testing for the study of territories damaged by the L’Aquila earthquake of 6 April 2009 and which can be used in similar situations. Subsequently, we provide an overview of the current situation and make a comparison between some aerial photographs obtained from an overflight in March 2012 and some photos made during our first field study in February 2010, in order to show the work undertaken or not during this period and to substantiate any considerations regarding the choices adopted and the necessary future planning. Moreover, we provide an example of the added value provided by the analysis of aerial photographs in both visible and thermal light for recognizing the provisional non-painted metal roofing of buildings in a post-earthquake urban area. In fact this technique can be useful for the rapid identification of damaged buildings and zones with provisional covering. In the present paper, we focus attention on L’Aquila town centre which provides a significant example of a “City of Stone” almost “minus” the presence of people.

INSTRUCTION FOR SOLICITING CONTRIBUTIONS

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INSTRUCTION FOR SOLICITING CONTRIBUTIONS

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Development of Non-Shrinking Soft Ferrite Composition Useful for Microinductors Applications

NiCuZn Ferrites are widely employed for many electronic applications, but can be replaced by MgCuZn ferrites owing to their superior properties like high initial permeability, high resistivity, low magnetostriction, environmental stability and low cost. Three series of NiMgCuZn ferrites were prepared by conventional sintering process. The formation of single phase in these ferrites was confirmed by x-ray diffraction. Initial permeability measurements on these samples were carried out in the temperature range of 30-400℃. The effect of the external applied stress on the open magnetic circuit type coil with these ferrites was studied by applying uniaxial compressive stress parallel to magnetizing direction and the change in the inductance was measured. The variation of ratio of inductance (ΔL/L)% increases upto certain applied compressive stress and there after it decreases, showing different stress sensitivities for different compositions of ferrites studied in the present work. With a view to develop stress insensitive NiMgCuZn ferrite, a low stress sensitivity composition among all the ferrites studied was chosen and different amounts of SiO2 were added to it and a series of ferrite compositions were prepared. The variation of ratio of inductance (ΔL/L)% with external applied compressive stress was examined. These results show that, in a particular composition of 0.05 wt% SiO2added Ni0.3Mg0.3Cu0.1Zn0.3Fe2O4 ferrite exhibited stress insensitivity. It was noticed that addition of SiO2 was found to be effective in reducing the stress sensitivity. This was confirmed from the elastic behaviour studies at room temperature on these ferrite samples. These studies were carried out to develop a ferrite composition for its use as core material for microinductor applications.

Monitoring of Residual Forest Ecosystems Dynamics in the Mono Biosphere Reserve (Southeast Togo)

The forest ecosystems of the Lacs 2 commune (South-East, Togo) are undergoing severe degradation, which has not yet been documented. This study is carried out in order to assess and quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics of residual forests and to identify the determinants of deforestation in South East Togo. The methodological approach is based on the use of historical aerial photographs from 1976 and drone images from 2019 in addition to field investigations. Several spatial structure indices were also calculated in order to quantify the fragmentation of classes and of the forest landscape. The results show that the forest landscape is changing. The classes of forests, plantations and palm groves show an annual rate of decline of 7.5%, 0.8% and 9.4% respectively while the classes of savannahs, agglomerations, surface water and swamps increased by 16.4%, 0.4%, 0.7% and 0.1%. The results also reveal a high fragmentation within the forest, plantation, surface water and swamp class and moderate fragmentation for the savannah and palm trees classes. At the landscape level, the savannah class is dominant by more than 70%, thus making the landscape little diversified from an ecological point of view. The main driver of deforestation in the study area remains shifting slash-and-burn agriculture. It is accentuated by the establishment of perennial oil palm crops, which has influenced the annual deforestation rate by 0.72%.

Detection of Retention Trees on Clearcuts,a 50-Year Perspective

Changes in clearcut management over time were evaluated using aerial photographs taken between 1960 and 2010. Temporal changes were analysed in two different climatic zones in Sweden: a typical boreal forest zone (the coast of V&#228sterbotten County), and the hemi-boreal zone of southern Sweden (represented by Kronoberg County). The study covers the periods before and after the paradigm shift in Swedish forestry caused by the equalization of the production and nature conservation objectives specified in the first paragraph of the Swedish Forestry Act. Photographs were processed to determine clearcut size and shape and to register solitary retention trees and groups of retention trees. Small but significant changes in clearcut size were detected over time. The number of retention trees increased over time, a result that was also found in other studies using different methodologies. The results demonstrate that measurable structural changes have occurred in Swedish forests over the 25 years since the paradigm shift. Results from this study also show that digital detection of green tree retention could be a future complement to field inventory and monitoring.

Hyperuricemia Accompanied with Changes in the Retinal Microcirculation in a Chinese High-risk Population for Diabetes

Objective To investigate the association of retinal vascular calibers with hyperuricemia in a middle‐aged and elderly population. Methods A cross‐sectional design was applied in this study and 869 participants aged ≥40 years from a high‐risk group for diabetes were recruited. All participants received the anthropometrical measurements and laboratory tests. Retinal arteriolar and venular caliber of the participants were measured with a semi‐automated system. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid level 420 μmol/L in men and 360 μmol/L in women. Linear regression models were used to assess the association of hyperuricemia with retinal vascular calibers. These models were additionally adjusted for age, central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, weekly activity, smoking status, and education. Results Among the 869 participants, 133 （15.3%） suffered from hyperuricemia. The crude mean serum uric acid level was 312.3 μmol/L （Standard Deviation 79.5）; mean concentration was 355.0 μmol/L （SD 75.5） in male participants, and 288.0 μmol/L （SD 71.1） in female participants （age‐adjusted difference 58.1 μmol/L, 95% Confidence Internal 48.5, 67.6）. After adjusting for additional covariates, male participants with hyperuricemia had 3.77 μm （95% CI ‐0.46, 8.00） smaller arteriolar caliber and 6.20 μm （95% CI 0.36, 12.04） larger venule than those without hyperuricemia; the corresponding numbers among female participants were 1.57 μm （95% CI ‐1.07, 4.21） for retinal arteriolar caliber and 2.28 μm （95% CI ‐1.72, 6.27） for retinal venular caliber. Conclusion Hyperuricemia was associated with smaller retinal arteriolar caliber and larger venular caliber mainly in male participants in this study.