Combining Ability Analyses of Net Photosynthesis Rate in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

In perspective of breeding high-yield hybrid pepper varieties, combining ability analysis of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting in pepper was made with 15 cross combinations from 6 parents by （1/2） n （n- 1） diallel crosses. There are relatively large differences not only in general combining ability （GCA） effect among different parents and at different phases of flowering and fruit setting, but also in specific combining ability （SCA） effect among different hybrids. There are relatively large GCA effects in late parents but relatively less GCA effects in early parents. No obvious laws have been found in the relationship between SCA effects and maturity of hybrids. Variances of SCA are larger than those of GCA. Heritability is less but influence of environment is larger. Correlation analysis of combining ability between net photosynthesis rate and agronomic character or resistances to main diseases has showed that correlation coefficients of GCA are relatively large at the medium phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and fruit characters. Correlation coefficients of SCA are relatively large at the early phase and the late phase of flowering and fruit setting. Net photosynthesis rate is more relative to leaf characters and plant characters at the early phase but to plant characters and fruit characters at the late phase. Correlation coefficients of SCA between net photosynthesis rate and resistances to main diseases are larger than those of GCA. The combining abilities of net photosynthesis rate at different phases of flowering and fruit setting are positively correlated with those of yield per plant. The combining ability is an important parameter of breeding of high photosynthesis hybrid pepper varieties.

SIMPLE SIMULATION OF THE ANNUAL VARIATION OF THE SPECIFIC PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATE IN JIAOZHOU BAY

A simple diagnostic simulation of the annual cycling of the surface specific photosynthesis rate (SPR) in Jiaozhou Bay is described in this paper. Light intensity, temperature and nutrients (nitrate + ammonia, phosphate) were considered as main factors controlling photosynthesis of phytoplankton and were introduced into the model by different function equations. The simulated variation of specific photosynthesis rate coincided with the measured data. Analysis of the effect of every factor on photosynthesis indicated that the variation of photosynthesis rate was controlled by all these three factors, while temperature showed good correlation with SPR as measurement showed. This diagnostic simulation yielded the values of some parameter relating with the photosynthesis in Jiaozhou Bay.

Canopy Net Photosynthesis Rate of a Mongolian Oak (<i>Quercus mongolica</i>) Forest Estimated by Field Experimental Data

The canopy net photosynthesis rate of Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) tree species that are dominant in East Asia and Korea is estimated with empirical models derived from field experimental data obtained from the Nam-San site in Seoul, Korea for the growing period from early May to late October in 2010. The empirical models include the attenuation function of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) (r2 = 0.98-0.99, p r2 = 0.99, p < 0.001) derived from the measured data at several levels within the canopy. The incident PPFD at each level within canopy significantly varies diurnally and seasonally due to the seasonal variation of the total plant area index (TPAI = leaf area index + wood silhouette area index) and the light shielding effect of light path-length through the canopy in association with the variation of solar elevation angle. Consequently, a remarkable seasonal variation of the total canopy net photosynthesis rate of Q. mongolica forest stand is found for its growing period. The PPFD exceeding 1000 μmol m-2·s-1 is found to cause the decrease of net photosynthesis rate due to the thermal stress in the early (May) and late (September) growing period. During the whole growing season, the estimated total canopy net photosynthesis rate is found to be about 3.3 kg CO2 m-2.

Simulating leaf net CO_2 assimilation rate of C_3 & C_4 plants and its response to environmental factors

Basic structure and algorithm of leaf mechanism photosynthesis model were described in first part of this study based on former researcher results. Then, considering some environmental factors influencing on leaf photosynthesis, three numerical sensitivity experiments were carried out. We simulated the sing le leaf net CO2 assimilation, which acts as a function of different light, carbo n dioxide and temperature conditions. The relationships between leaf net photosy nthetic rate of C3 and C4 plant with CO2 concentration intercellular, leaf tempe rature, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were presented, respectively. The results show the numerical experiment may indicate the main characteristic o f plant photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plant, and further can be used to integrate with the regional climate model and act as land surface process scheme, and bett er understand the interaction between vegetation and atmosphere.

自适应判决门限PN码混合捕获方案

提出了一种适用于多径衰落信道下实现快速PN码捕获的自适应判决门限混合捕获方案.系统采用多个非相干相关器进行并行搜索和估计背景功率电平,利用恒虚警方法自适应设置系统的判决门限.通过在整个PN码不定相位上均匀分布各相关器的本地PN码相位,能够避免在多径干扰环境下多个同步相位同时出现在相关器中,消除多径干扰对系统检测性能的影响.文中对检测性能进行了分析和比较,并给出了在均匀背景噪声和多径干扰环境下的仿真结果.结果表明,提出的方法可以有效消除多径干扰的影响.

Photosynthesis and Transpiration Characters of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and Their Relationship with Relevant Factors during Branching Stage

[ Objective] The paper presents the diumal changes of photosynthesis and transpiration of different alfalfa varieties and their relationship with the associated physiological and ecological factors during branching stage, so as to provide a basis for the development, utilization, and breed- ing of alfalfa. [ Method] Under natural conditions, the diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, the relevant physio- logical factors including leaf temperature （TI）, stomatal conductance （Gs） and intemal COn concentration （Ci）, as well as the relevant physiologi- cal factors including photosynthetic available radiation （PAR）, CO2 concentration in field （Ca） and air temperature （Ta） were measured in four al- falfa varieties （Algonguin, WL323 HQ, WL414, and Millionaire）. The water use efficiency （WUE） and light use efficiency （LUE） were calculated, and the correlation among them was also analyzed. [Result] The Pn, Tr, PAR and Ta of the four varieties appeared to vary in a single-peak curve; the sequence of WUE was WL323 HQ ~ Algonguin ~ WL414 ~ Millionaire; there was no significant difference in LUE of the four alfalfa varieties; coef- ficient analysis showed that Pn was mainly affected by PAR, Gs, and Ci, while Tr by PAR and Ta. [ Conclusion] WL323 HQ is the variety with high Pn, high WUE and low Tr, and it has strong adaptability to drought. In four alfalfa varieties, PAR, Ta, Gs, and TI are the primary determining fac- tors while Ca and Ci the limiting factors of Tr; Gs is the primary determining factor while Ci the limiting factor of Pn.

Simulating leaf net CO2 assimilation rate of C3 & C4 plants and its response to environmental factors

Basic structure and algorithm of leaf mechanism photosynthesis model were described in first part of this study based on former researcher results. Then, considering some environmental factors influencing on leaf photosynthesis, three numerical sensitivity experiments were carried out. We simulated the sing le leaf net CO2 assimilation, which acts as a function of different light, carbo n dioxide and temperature conditions. The relationships between leaf net photosy nthetic rate of C3 and C4 plant with CO2 concentration intercellular, leaf tempe rature, and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were presented, respectively. The results show the numerical experiment may indicate the main characteristic o f plant photosynthesis in C3 and C4 plant, and further can be used to integrate with the regional climate model and act as land surface process scheme, and bett er understand the interaction between vegetation and atmosphere.

一种快速同步统计高阶调制下PN码误码率的方法

提出了一种快速同步统计高阶调制方式下PN码误码率的方法,用于实时检测与统计误码率,更加方便、快捷、直观地了解数据链的情况与信道的质量。对于高阶调制方式8PSK/16APSK/16QAM,解调后数据存在相位模糊,先解相位模糊后输出解映射数据,PN码产生模块根据预置的PN码生成多项式和从解映射后的数据中提取的初相产生用来进行误码比对的标准PN码,与解映射后的数据进行比对;统计1000个比特,若误码率大于1e-1,重复上述过程,并且给出一个没有同步的标记输入解模糊状态模块,直至误码率小于1e-1,保持该同步状态,维持当前误码统计过程。该方法能够显著减少PN码同步所需的硬件资源,并且同步时间不受PN码周期影响,便于工程实现。

Effect of temperature,salinity and irradiance on growth and photosynthesis of Ulva prolifera

Intensive Pyropia aquaculture in the coast of southwestern Yellow Sea and its subsequent waste, including disposed Ulva prolifera, was speculated to be one of the major sources for the large-scale green tide proceeding in the Yellow Sea since 2007. It was, however, unclear how the detached U. prolifera responded and resumed growing after they detached from its original habitat. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic response of the detached U. prolifera to various temperature, salinity and irradiance in the laboratory. The photosynthetic rate of the detached U. prolifera was significantly higher at moderate temperature levels（14–27℃）and high salinity（26–32）, with optimum at 23℃ and 32. Both low（14℃） and highest temperature（40℃）, as well as low salinity（8） had adverse effects on the photosynthesis. Compared with the other Ulva species, U. prolifera showed higher saturated irradiance and no significant photoinhibition at high irradiance, indicating the great tolerance of U. prolifera to the high irradiance. The dense branch and complex structure of floating mats could help protect the thalli and reduce photoinhibition in field. Furthermore, temperature exerted a stronger influence on the growth rate of the detached U. prolifera compared to salinity. Overall, the high growth rate of this detached U. prolifera（10.6%–16.7% d^–1） at a wide range of temperature（5–32℃） and salinity（14–32） implied its blooming tendency with fluctuated salinity and temperature during floating. The environmental parameters in the southwestern Yellow Sea at the beginning of green tide were coincident with the optimal conditions for the detached U. prolifera.

胃癌患者术后预后的独立危险因素及淋巴结转移率对不同pN分期胃癌患者预后的影响

目的分析胃癌患者术后预后的独立危险因素及淋巴结转移率对不同pN分期胃癌患者预后的影响。方法随机选取2014年1月至2015年10月在湖州市中心医院进行手术切除治疗的胃癌患者100例作为研究对象。采用电话、门诊等方法进行随访,随访时间超过60个月。比较100例胃癌患者的临床基本资料,采用Log-Rank检验分析100例胃癌患者60个月生存率变化。采用Kaplan-Meier检验分析影响胃癌患者术后预后的单因素。采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析影响胃癌患者术后预后的多因素。采用分层分析淋巴结转移率对不同pN分期胃癌患者预后的影响。结果100例胃癌患者中,男性比例明显高于女性,年龄大多超过55岁,肿瘤直径<4 cm,肿瘤部位以胃下多见,pT4分期占比明显高于pT1、p T2、pT3,pN0、pN1、pN2、pN3分期占比分别为32.00%、20.00%、22.00%、26.00%;淋巴结转移率,无转移、≤20%、≥21%占比分别为32.00%、18.00%、50.00%,患者CA19-9、CEA含量分别以低于27 U/ml、5μg/L多见,血小板计数在(100~300)×10^(9)个/L,胃癌大多数为低分化,且患者术后经化疗治疗。100例胃癌患者中,术后12、36、60个月生存率分别为80.00%、60.00%、52.00%。经Kaplan-Meier检验分析,肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴结转移率、CA19-9、CEA、血小板计数、原发术后化疗、分化程度均为影响胃癌预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。经Cox比例风险回归模型分析,肿瘤直径、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴结转移率、CA19-9、CEA等均为影响胃癌患者术后预后的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。经Kaplan-Meier分析,淋巴结转移率对pN1期及pN2期胃癌患者的60个月生存率具有明显影响(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤直径、pT分期、pN分期、淋巴结转移率、CA19-9、CEA均为胃癌患者术后预后的独立危险因素,淋巴结转移率对pN1、pN2胃癌患者60个月生存率有显著影响。

Photosynthesis,Metabolite Composition and Anatomical Structure of Oryza sativa and Two Wild Relatives,O.grandiglumis and O.alta

Photosynthesis, enzyme activities and metabolite pools associated with primary carbon metabolism in leaves were studied in O. grandiglumis and O. alta （wild relatives of rice which produce high biomass） versus O. sativa （a japonica cultivar and a indica-japonica hybrid） to assess their potential for identifying traits which might be utilized to enhance rice productivity. The wild relatives had higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, and higher water use efficiency than the O. sativa lines. There were no striking differences in activities of a number of key enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the wild relatives and cultivated rice lines. Along with higher rates of photosynthesis on a fresh weight basis, the leaves of the two wild species had higher nitrate content, higher levels of starch, glucose and fructose, and higher levels of organic acids （malate, succinate and acetate）, compared to the O. sativa lines. The results suggested that O. grandiglumis and O. alta have differences in physiology and primary metabolism which might be exploited to improve growth and productivity of cultivated rice.

CO_2, H_2O exchange and stomatal regulation of regenerated Camptotheca acuminata plantlets during ex vitro acclimatization

For finding the changes in CO2, H20 exchange and their stomatal regulation during ex vitro acclimatization of regenerated Camptotheca acuminata plantlets, the net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, respiration rate （Ro）, light compensation point （Lc） and light saturation point （Ls）, transpiration rate （Tr）, stomatal conductance （gs） and water use efficiency（WUE） were measured during 37 days of ex vitro acclimatization. The results showed that Pn sharply increased until 29 days, then slightly decreased. A substantial decrease in Lc and a substantial increase of Ls in the former two weeks were observed, indicating the light regime enlargement for effective leaf photosynthesis. Tr and gs abruptly decreased during the first week then linearly increased until 29days ex vitro acclimatization, reflecting the strong regulation effect of stomata on water changes of ex vitro acclimating plantlets. Stomatal regulation effect on CO2 exchange was different from that on water exchange, i.e. P, was almost independent of gs during the first week, while P. was significantly correlated with gs thereafter （i.e. dual patterns）. Different from dual patterns of gs-Pn relation, the Tr monotonously linearly increased with gs. Furthermore, WUE was almost independent on gs during the first week, while a marked decreasing tendency with gs was found thereafter. At the beginning of the acclimatization, WUE was mainly determined by photosynthetic capacity, while transpiration becomes a main determinant factor for WUE from 7 to 37 days＇ acclimatization.

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate of Pueraria lobataand its impact factors

In order to identify the relationship between diurnal changes in the net photosynthetic rate（Pn） of Pueraria lobata and environmental factors,diurnal changes in the Pn of leaves of two P.lobata cultivars were measured using a CIRAS-1 portable photosynthesis measurement system（PP-Systems,UK）.The results show that diurnal changes in Pn of both cultivars could be interpreted as double-peak curves,indicating the occurrence of an obvious midday depression.Further analyses indicate that the correlation between Pn and stomatal conductance was positive and extremely significant（p 〈 0.01）.The correlations of Pn with intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were positive and significant（p 〈 0.05）,while the correlations of Pn with air and leaf temperatures were negative and significant（p 〈 0.05）.The results indicate that among the factors affecting photosynthetic properties,some can be grouped as stomatal limitations while others are non-stomatal limitations.

一维均匀掺杂突变PN结伽马剂量率辐射解析模型

研究硅基半导体集成电路最基本结构之一PN结的伽马剂量率辐射模型,阐明PN剂量率辐射模型的重要意义。根据半导体物理基本方程,推导计算出在剂量率辐射下一维均匀掺杂突变PN结光电流响应的解析解模型,根据解析解,在不同参数下用Mathematica作图观察,并与计算机辅助设计技术(TCAD)数值模拟仿真结果对比,验证解析解的正确性;最后基于解析解,通过分析剂量率、偏压、PN结几何尺寸、掺杂浓度、载流子扩散系数、少子寿命等参数对稳态光电流的影响,提出一个更方便工程计算的稳态光电流模型。

Research Progress and Prospect on the Effects of Abiotic Stress on Plant Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the basis of plant growth and development as well as the existence of the biological world. Photosynthesis is of great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the effects of temperature, drought, salt, light and other abiotic stress factors on plant photosynthesis were reviewed.

基于软判决的PN码序列多项式估计改进算法

针对现有伪噪声(PN)码序列多项式估计算法容错能力有限的问题,提出一种将统计预处理和软判决求解含错方程相结合的多项式估计改进算法。该算法利用PN码序列的周期特性,通过增加统计预处理环节降低序列的误码率,采用软判决求解含错方程的方法,实现低信噪比条件下PN码序列生成多项式的正确估计。仿真结果表明,改进算法具有较好的容错性能,在信噪比为-9 dB时其估计正确率可达90%以上,且与传统多项式估计算法相比信噪比增益至少为6 dB。

Research Progress and Prospect on the Influencing Factors of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Photosynthesis plays an important role in organic synthesis, solar energy storage, and environmental protection. Photosynthesis is of great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the main factors affecting photosynthesis of higher plants, including light, water, temperature, CO2, mineral elements and plant genotypes, were briefly reviewed and summarized, and the development prospect of photosynthesis was prospected.

合理使用Pn图

文章介绍计件值工序中常用的Pn—控制图,阐明如何估计不合格品率p及合理选择抽样个数n。

基于余弦方波成形的GMSK+PN调制方法研究

对GMSK+PN信号的调制方法与解调性能进行仿真模拟,实现了GMSK+PN信号的调制和接收解调过程,计算了不同信噪比条件下的平均误码率,提出了一种基于余弦方波成形伪码的联合调制方法,调整对PN信号的载波成形方式,提升了频谱滚降性能。实验结果表明,所提方法降低了数传码的解调误码率,有利于在信道条件较差的系统中实现无差错传输和正确分离测距伪码,可为同时实现数传和测距功能提供参考。

Photosynthesis of Submerged and Surface Leaves of the Dwarf Water Lily(Nymphoides aquatica)Using PAM Fluorometry

Dwarf Water Lilies Nymphoides aquatica(J.F.Gmel)Kuntze have floating and submerged leaves.Some submerged aquatic vascular plants have a form of CAM(Crassulacean Acid Metabolism)called Submerged Aquatic Macrophyte(SAM)metabolism.Blue-diode based PAM technology was used to measure the Photosynthetic Oxygen Evolution Rate(POER:1O_(2)≡4e^(-)).Optimum Irradiance(E_(opt)),maximum POER(POER_(max))and quantum efficiency(α_(0))all vary on a diurnal cycle.The shape of the POER vs.E curves is different in seedling,submerged and surface leaves.Both E_(opt) and POER_(max) are very low in seedling leaves(E_(opt)≈104μmol photon m^(-2) s^(-1),PPFD;POER_(max)≈4.95µmol O_(2) g^(-1) Chl a s^(-1)),intermediate in mature submerged leaves(E_(opt)≈419µmol photon m^(-2) s^(-1) PPFD,POER_(max)≈38.1µmol O_(2) g^(-1) Chl a s^(-1))and very high in surface leaves(E_(opt)≈923µmol photon m^(-2) s^(-1) PPFD,POER_(max)≈76.1µmol O_(2) g^(-1) Chl a s^(-1)).Leaf titratable acid(C4 acid pool)is too small(≈20 to 50 mol H+m^(-3))to support substantial SAM metabolism.Gross daily photosynthesis of surface leaves is≈3.71 g C m^(-2) d^(-1) in full sun and as much as 1.4 gC m^(-2) d^(-1) in shaded submerged leaves.There is midday inhibition of photosynthesis.