铬污染地区芦苇(Phragmites australis L.)生理特征分析

采用现场采集样品及室内测试方法,对生长在某铬污染区内,距污染源10m和100m的芦苇叶片光合及抗氧化特征进行分析。结果显示,距污染源10m处芦苇叶绿素含量低于100m处,类胡萝卜素含量几乎一致,而污染区内两处芦苇光合色素含量均明显高于非污染区;污染区内芦苇叶片叶绿体吸收光谱、低温荧光发射光谱及叶绿素荧光参数与非污染区一致,表明污染区芦苇光合作用光反应能正常进行;SOD与CAT活性均明显高于非污染区,其中10m处两种酶活性略高于100m处;丙二醛含量与非污染区基本相同,说明污染区芦苇叶片未受到严重氧化损伤。

Acalypha australis L.extract inhibits B16 melanoma cell metastasis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Background:Melanoma is a deadly skin tumor resulting from the malignant transformation of melanocytes.It is highly malignant and invasive,with the highest mortality rate among skin cancers.Acalypha australis L.(AAL),a plant with dual medicinal and culinary purposes,is commonly regarded as an edible wild vegetable in southern China.Additionally,AAL has a long history of medicinal use in China,often employed for its hemostatic,anti-diarrheal,and anti-inflammatory properties.Modern pharmacology has demonstrated that AAL possesses functions such as weight loss,antimicrobial activity,antiviral effects,and treatment for ulcerative colitis.However,there is currently no research available regarding its effectiveness and mechanisms of action on melanoma.Methods:In this investigation,we used methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to detect cell viability,transwell assay to detect cell migration and invasion ability,and Western blot assay to detect relevant signaling pathways.Results:The present study reveals that 2 mg/mL AAL effectively suppresses the metastasis of B16 cells,while simultaneously triggering the expression of key apoptosis-related proteins,including Bcl-2,Bax,and cleaved caspased 3.Subsequent investigations demonstrate that AAL exerts this inhibitory effect via the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway,as evidenced by the observed deficits in Ras,AKT,p-AKT,and PI3K expression levels.Conclusion:These findings indicated that AAL could be a valuable therapeutic option for reducing the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells.

盐度对芦苇(Phragmites australis)表流湿地除氮效果的影响

利用芦苇湿地去除农业污水中的氮是博斯腾湖流域控制富营养化的重要手段.但是,污水中的盐分往往会抑制芦苇(Phragmites australis)湿地的除氮效果.为了探索不同盐度对芦苇湿地脱氮效果的影响和机制,研究4个不同的盐度梯度(淡水、2‰、5‰和10‰)对芦苇表流湿地中氮去除的影响,测定不同盐度下湿地表层(0~10.0 cm)和下层土壤(10.0~20.0 cm)中硝化、反硝化作用强度的变化.结果表明,盐度上升显著降低了湿地氮的去除率,但是不同离子形态的氮变化趋势并不一致.5‰和10‰盐度下的芦苇湿地中总氮、铵态氮去除率分别下降了9.03%、31.80%和23.10%、39.20%,亚硝态氮累积率分别上升了190%、690%,而硝态氮并未发生明显变化.相对于参与反硝化作用的菌群,盐度对参与硝化作用菌群的抑制作用更强是产生此现象的主要原因.除此之外,盐度升高导致植物根系泌氧减少也是土壤中的硝化作用强度降低的重要原因之一.

长春南湖芦苇(Phragmites australis)茎、叶植硅体随生长期和生境的变化特征

对于不同生长期、不同湿度条件下芦苇(Phragmites australis)茎、叶中多种类型植硅体含量变化的探讨,能够为植硅体形成机理研究和探讨植硅体对气候变化的响应提供理论依据.选取长春市南湖为实验样点,于5—10月在3种不同生境(旱生、季节性水生和水生生境)采集芦苇样品,并分别统计芦苇茎、叶植硅体形态和数量.实验结果显示:首先,茎、叶植硅体组合特征存在明显差异,茎中帽型及个体较大的尖型等植硅体多于叶中,而叶中硅化气孔含量明显高于茎中.其次,随着植株的生长,芦苇茎中硅化气孔含量先增加后减少,鞍型植硅体含量变化较小而帽型植硅体含量先减少后增加,棒型植硅体含量逐渐增加、尖型植硅体含量先增加后减少;芦苇叶中硅化气孔含量持续增加,鞍型、帽型等短细胞植硅体含量下降,尖型、扇型等个体较大的植硅体含量逐渐增加.最后,不同植硅体类型的含量在3种生境中的变化情况较为复杂,茎中植硅体的数量变化没有明显规律,而芦苇叶中硅化气孔含量由旱生生境向水生生境逐渐增加,可见叶中硅化气孔含量的增加可以指示相对湿润的生境条件.总之,芦苇茎、叶内不同类型植硅体的数量对植株生长及不同湿度环境有不同程度的响应,对芦苇植硅体的研究也有助于理解湿生植物植硅体与环境因子的关系,进而为探讨植硅体对古环境、古气候的响应提供理论基础.

冬、春季芦苇(Phragmites australis)和狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia)的腐解过程及其对水质的影响

水生植物修复已经成为水体富营养化修复的重要手段,但其周期性的衰亡也给水体带来不容忽视的负效应.以府河流域丘陵地带农业区小水系自然生长的芦苇(Phragmites australis)和狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia)为研究对象,通过模拟实验,研究其冬季和春季腐烂分解过程的差异以及对水体营养盐水平的影响.结果表明,2种挺水植物的剩余干物质量整体上都呈现先快速下降再缓慢下降的趋势,芦苇和狭叶香蒲春季的分解速率分别为0.0251和0.0169 d^(-1),分别明显高于冬季分解速率(0.0027和0.0052 d^(-1));且腐烂分解速率与植物初始氮磷含量和氮磷比都有一定相关性.2种植物在冬季和春季磷的矿化速率都明显高于氮的矿化速率.实验水体的总氮和总磷浓度在腐解过程呈现初期迅速上升、中期迅速下降、后期缓慢下降的趋势.总体来看,芦苇和狭叶香蒲的腐烂分解受季节和初始氮磷浓度的影响较大,芦苇反应较香蒲更敏感且对水质的影响具有时效性.

Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in Taihu Lake, China

Two plant populations of Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in Taihu Lake, China. The substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter （P 〈 0.01）, with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%--63% for P. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for T. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. Both species and substrates significantly decreased the N and P concentrations of water body （P 〈 0.01）. P. australis showed higher total N and P concentrations in tissues than T. orientalis and had a greater potential to remove nutrients from the lake. Phosphate was easily to concentrate in the belowground tissues, while nitrate concentration was higher in leaf and stalk. Therefore, harvesting the aboveground tissues could take most of nitrate out of the sediment. The saturate photosynthetic rate （Asat） of P. australis was higher than that of T. orientalis when grown in sediment substrate. But instance water-use- efficiency （WUEi） （A/E） and intrinsic water use efficiency （A/gs） showed the maximum values of two species grown in river water. With significant difference in gs, however, intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） had no obvious difference in two species which indicated that high Asat value of P. australis might result from the increased carboxylation capacity of the mesophyll, because of the central role of N in photosynthetic enzymes. Our findings suggest that the plants could absorb most of nitrogen in polluted water, while gravel displayed a high capacity for absorbing the suspended matters and phosphate salts. Therefore, biological and physiological pathways for pollutant removal should be integrated.

Changes of Biogenic Elements in Phragmites australis and Suaeda salsa from Salt Marshes in Yellow River Delta,China

Little information is available on biogenic elements(carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur) and the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of plants in coastal wetlands. To investigate the contents of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur of plants, and their ecological stoichiometric characteristics in the Yellow(Huanghe) River Delta, plant samples were collected from two typical salt marshes(Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis wetlands) during the period of from August to October in 2007, and the ratios of C/N, C/P, N/P, C/N/P and C/N/P/S were calculated. Results showed that during the studying period, plant C, N and P were lower than the global average values, and plant N and P were lower than the China's average values. Leaf C and S in Suaeda salsa were significantly lower than those in Phragmites australis(P < 0.05), and leaf N and P in Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis showed no significant differences(P > 0.05). Average C/N ratios were 23.75 in leaf, 73.36 in stem, 65.67 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 33.77 in leaf, 121.68 in stem, 97.13 in root of Phragmites australis. Average C/N ratios of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis were all great than 25, indicating the salt marsh in the Yellow River Delta is an N limitation system. Average C/P ratios were 276.78 in leaf, 709.28 in stem and 1031.32 in root of Suaeda salsa, and 536.94 in leaf, 768.13 in stem and 875.22 in root of Phragmites australis. The average N/P ratios of Suaeda salsa were 12.92 in leaf, 10.77 in stem and 10.91 in root, and the average N/P ratios of Phragmites australis were 16.40 in leaf, 7.40 in stem and 6.92 in root, indicating the Suaeda salsa wetlands were N limited and Phragmites australis wetlands were N limited in August and P limited in October in 2007. The average C/N, C/P and C/N/P ratios in Suaeda salsa and Pragmites australis were higher than the global average values, indicating the lower quality of organic matter provided by wetland plants in the Yellow River delta.

Biophysical warming patterns of an open-top chamber and its short-term influence on a Phragmites wetland ecosystem in China

Passive-warming, open-top chambers(OTCs) are widely applied for studying the effects of future climate warming on coastal wetlands. In this study, a set of six OTCs were established at a Phragmites wetland located in the Yellow River Delta of Dongying City, China. With data collected through online transmission and in-situ sensors, the attributes and patterns of realized OTCs warming are demonstrated.The authors also quantified the preliminary influence of experimental chamber warming on plant traits.OTCs produced an elevated average air temperature of 0.8°C(relative to controls) during the growing season(June to October) of 2018, and soil temperatures actually decreased by 0.54°C at a depth of 5 cm and 0.46°C at a depth of 30 cm in the OTCs. Variations in diel patterns of warming depend greatly on the heat sources of incoming radiation in the daytime versus soil heat flux at night. Warming effects were often larger during instantaneous analyses and influenced OTCs air temperatures from-2.5°C to 8.3°C dependent on various meteorological conditions at any given time, ranging from cooling influences from vertical heat exchange and vegetation to radiation-associated warming. Night-time temperature depressions in the OTCs were due to the low turbulence inside OTCs and changes in surface soilatmosphere heat transfer. Plant shoot density, basal diameter, and biomass of Phragmites decreased by23.2%, 6.3%, and 34.0%, respectively, under experimental warming versus controls, and plant height increased by 4.3%, reflecting less carbon allocation to stem structures as plants in the OTCs experienced simultaneous wind buffering. While these passive-warming OTCs created the desired warming effects both to the atmosphere and soils, pest damages on the plant leaves and lodging within the OTCs were extensive and serious, creating the need to consider control options for these chambers and the replicated OTCs studies underway in other Chinese Phragmites marshes(Panjin and Yancheng).

Emissions of Biogenic Sulfur Gases(H2S,COS)from Phragmites australis Coastal Marsh in the Yellow River Estuary of China

Emissions of biogenic sulfur gases(hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) and carbonyl sulfide(COS)) from Phragmites australis coastal marsh in the Yellow River estuary of China were determined during April to December in 2014 using static chamber-gas chromatography technique with monthly sampling. The results showed that the fluxes of H_2S and COS both had distinct seasonal and diurnal variations. The H_2S fluxes ranged from 0.09 μg/(m^2·h) to 7.65 μg/(m^2·h), and the COS fluxes ranged from –1.10 μg/(m^2·h) to 3.32 μg/(m^2·h). The mean fluxes of H_2S and COS from the P. australis coastal marsh were 2.28 μg/(m^2·h), and 1.05 μg/(m^2·h), respectively. The P. australis coastal marsh was the emission source of both H_2S and COS over the whole year. Fluxes of H_2S and COS were both higher in plant growing season than in the non-growing season. Temperature had a dramatic effect on the H_2S emission flux, while the correlations between COS flux and the environmental factors were not found during sampling periods. More in-depth and comprehensive research on other related factors, such as vegetation, sediment substrates, and tidal action is needed to discover and further understand the key factors and the release mechanism of sulfur gases.

Structural effects of reedbed grazing and its cessation on reed-nesting songbird densities

Reedbeds are crucial breeding habitats for vulnerable songbird species.Irrespective of their protection status,these habitats may be threatened by organic matter accumulation,progressively leading to structural homoge-nization and habitat succession towards woodland.Managers prevent excessive litter build-up with various in-terventions opening-up the reedbeds,such as grazing,which may be detrimental or suitable for some reed bird species.We assessed the effects of extensive grazing by horses and its cessation in the medium and long terms on reedbed structure,and the consequences on reed-nesting songbird densities in Estagnol Nature Reserve,a pro-tected wetland near the French Mediterranean coast.We compared reedbed structural features between grazed,newly ungrazed and old-ungrazed plots.During nine years,we censused four songbird species in spring and collected water level data in the same survey plots.Grazing reduced reedbed extent,rejuvenated the vegetation with more short green stems on a thinner litter,and produced higher structural heterogeneity and discontinuity compared to long-lasting non grazing.Newly ungrazed plot showed intermediate effects.All surveyed songbird total densities were similar among plots while species numbers and densities differed.Grazed reedbed was more attractive to Moustached Warblers(Acrocephalus melanopogon)and Great Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus arundi-naceus),likely due to the large edges and the high vegetation structural heterogeneity.However,Moustached Warblers were more negatively affected by higher water level in grazed reedbed,presumably because flooding prevents litter foraging.The newly ungrazed reedbed was not preferred by any species.All warbler species were found under low density in the old-ungrazed reedbed,where Reed Buntings(Emberiza schoeniclus)were exclu-sively found.Food availability related to thick litter layer may explain this predilection.Common Reed Warblers(Acrocephalus scirpaceus)were found everywhere in similar densities.We conclude that reedbed management by extensive horse grazing and also its long-term cessation may benefit several songbird species.Within a context of wetland degradation and disappearance,both management strategies are useful to establish and maintain suitable habitats for reed-nesting songbird communities.

Comparative study of epiphytic algal communities on Typha latifolia L.and Phragmites australis(Cav.)Trin.ex Steud in the shallow Gala Lake(European Part of Turkey)

The aim of this study was to determine the species composition, biodiversity and, relative abundance of epiphytic algae and their relationship with environmental variables on Typha latifolia and Phragmites australis at Lake Gala(National Park). Epiphytic algae were gathered monthly by collecting aquatic plants between March 2014 and November 2014. In the epiphytic flora were a total of 133 taxa were identified, 107 taxa were identified on T. latifolia and 96 were discovered on P. australis. While the mean species richness, species diversity and evenness values of the algae identified on T. latifolia were 46, 1.85 and 0.51 respectively, these values were respectively 43, 1.51 and 0.43 on P. australis. While diatoms were generally dominant, other dominant groups in the epiphytic flora included green algae and blue-green algae. The algae that had the highest relative biovolume on T. latifolia were Spirogyra affinis, Oscillatoria sancta and Gomphonema acuminatum, while the algae that had the highest relative biovolume on P. australis were E pithemia adnata, Oscillatoria sancta and R hopalodia gibba. Results show that species composition of epiphytic algae was different, but diversity values were similar on all the macrophytes. The hydrological pulse is one of the most important factors determining the physical and chemical environment of the epiphytic algal community. It was found that some environmental factors were highly eff ective on community distribution in the epiphyton. Additionally, it was observed that some epiphytic algae species had a substrate preference between T. latifolia and P. australis.

上海崇明东滩湿地潮滩梯度下芦苇种群动态分析

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是崇明东滩湿地潮间带的优势种,具有良好的水土保持与净化功能。芦苇种群主要在中、高潮滩呈带状分布,但在低潮滩也有小斑块状分布。作为典型根茎型克隆植物的芦苇种群,在盐沼湿地不同潮滩表现出怎样的种群动态特征,进而反映出怎样的差异化的适应能力,值得深入研究。以分布在崇明东滩湿地低、中、高3个潮滩上的芦苇种群为研究对象,全程定位追踪起始于4、6月的同生群在整个生长季的生长、发育过程,并定量分析它们的动态生命表、生存曲线、生存率和累积死亡率,系统揭示分布于3个潮滩的芦苇种群典型动态特征。结果表明:(1)起始于4月的处于低、中、高3个潮滩上的芦苇同生群,其生存曲线存在差异,它们分别趋近于Deevey-Ⅰ型、Deevey-Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的过渡型,以及Deevey-Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的过渡型;(2)起始于6月的处于低、中潮滩上的芦苇同生群,其生存曲线呈现出与4月同生群相似的特征,高潮滩同生群则由Deevey-Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的过渡型转变成Deevey-Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型的过渡型;(3)经综合分析,高潮滩芦苇同生群稳定性最强,低潮滩同生群相对不稳定,中潮滩同生群在生长初期不稳定而在生长中后期趋于稳定;(4)基于上述研究结果,针对东滩湿地沿潮滩梯度分布的芦苇种群的保育与管理提出了合理建议。

芦苇群落水体质量与芦苇转录本的相关性

芦苇(Phragmites australis)是广生态幅多年生水生植物,在全球分布极广。芦苇能够适应并生长在极端环境,如盐碱地、重金属污染地等,这种巨大的环境忍耐能力使得芦苇成为研究植物环境适应性的模式物种,并逐渐成为植物学和生态学等领域的研究热点。目前,北京自然和人工湿地中大量栽植芦苇,其主要功能是净化水体、稳定水体自净能力。为深入了解水体质量对芦苇转录本的影响及二者之间的相关性,首先对北京及河北白洋淀共计32个采样点的8项水质指标进行了检测。结果表明,32个采样点的水体整体处于污染状态,主要污染物为总氮(TN)和生物需氧量(BOD),并且水质均略偏碱性,且具有高氮(N)、高磷(P)、高BOD和高化学需氧量(COD)等特征。主成分分析(PCA)表明8项水质指标间具有相关性,可被降至3个维度,第一维度是BOD/COD/高锰酸盐指数(CODMn);第二维度是TN/氨氮(NH3-N)/总磷(TP);第三维度是pH/溶解氧(DO)。对水质指标与芦苇叶片RNA-seq转录本进行皮尔森系数相关性分析,筛选出247个与水质指标相关的转录本。其中,232个基因(93.9%)的转录水平与水质指标呈现正相关性。经实验室单一因子或双因子验证确定了PB.4621.1(编码GMP合酶)和PB.12079.1(编码LEA14蛋白)两个基因更适合用于监测水体中的氮和磷水平。研究为后续芦苇监测水质技术的开发与利用奠定了理论基础。

NaCl胁迫下外源钙对芦苇种子萌发的影响

以黄河三角洲湿地广泛分布的芦苇种子为试材,采用不同浓度Na Cl(0,50,100,150,200,300 mmol/L)和Ca Cl2(0,5,10,20,40 mmol/L)来分别模拟盐胁迫和外源钙,研究了盐胁迫、外源钙及两者交互作用对芦苇种子萌发的影响。结果表明:随着Na Cl浓度的增加,各处理间种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数均与对照呈显著递减趋势,而相对盐害率呈上升趋势;单一Ca Cl2处理下,中低浓度(<20 mmol/L)的外源钙对芦苇种子萌发无显著影响,而高浓度的外源钙(40 mmol/L)对种子萌发具有抑制作用;盐胁迫条件下,芦苇种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数均随外源钙浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势,相对盐害率呈相反趋势,其中以Ca Cl2浓度为10 mmol/L时缓解效果最佳,而当Ca Cl2浓度在20 mmol/L时,芦苇种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数及活力指数呈下降趋势,到40 mmol/L时降到最低值,此时相对盐害率达到最大值,盐害加深,而此后随着盐胁迫的加剧,下降趋势更明显。综上所述,在潮上带盐碱化湿地恢复中,外源施用一定浓度的Ca Cl2,其中以10 mmol/L浓度为宜,可以有效促进芦苇在盐碱条件下的萌发。

不同浓度NaCl处理对芦苇和香蒲叶片某些生理特性的影响

采用桶栽方式用不同浓度的NaCl进行处理,研究盐胁迫对芦苇和香蒲某些生理指标的影响。结果表明:在盐协迫下芦苇和香蒲植株内蔗糖、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MAD)含量增加;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性增强,而O2-含量减少;蔗糖、脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶这几种物质对芦苇和香蒲的耐盐性起到很大作用;芦苇的耐盐性强于香蒲。

荒漠-绿洲过渡带不同生境芦苇根际土壤真菌多样性及群落结构分析

以沙漠-绿洲边缘4种不同生境(湿地生境、盐渍生境、盐渍-沙地过渡生境和沙地生境)芦苇群落为研究对象,基于高通量测序法探究芦苇根际土壤真菌多样性及群落结构。结果表明,4种生境芦苇根际真菌共检测出3门18纲51目98科128属145种。在门分类水平,子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)分别为盐渍-沙地过渡生境、湿地生境主要优势菌门,而毛霉门(Mucoromycota)在盐渍生境中相对丰度最高。在属分类水平,湿地生境、盐渍生境、盐渍-沙地过渡生境和沙地生境的优势物种分别为棉革菌属(Tomentella)、古根菌属(Archaeorhizomyces)、梨孢属(Pyricularia)和小脆柄菇属(Psathyrella)。4种生境间真菌多样性和物种组成存在显著差异,有益菌与有害菌共存。湿地生境真菌物种丰富度和多样性最高,沙地生境和盐渍-沙地过渡生境主要优势物种更多,沙地生境和盐渍-沙地过渡生境的菌群组成相似,但真菌群落与环境因子关系尚不明确。上述研究结果对于认识河西走廊不同生境芦苇根际微环境具有一定参考价值。

2011–2018年黄河三角洲芦苇湿地生态系统碳水通量观测数据集

湿地生态系统对于缓解全球气候变化具有重要作用,长期、连续的碳水通量涡度监测有助于更好地保护和利用湿地生态系统的服务功能。然而,由于相关监测数据数量的欠缺,关注湿地生态系统碳水通量变化的研究还相对较少,因此亟需高质量的监测数据集提供支持。中国科学院黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态试验站(简称黄河三角洲站)自2010年起基于涡度协方差技术开始对芦苇湿地生态系统进行连续监测,迄今已积累了多年的碳水通量观测数据。本数据集基于黄河三角洲站已进行的监测工作,汇总整理了2011–2018年间的站点碳水通量涡度观测数据,并形成了半小时尺度、日尺度、月尺度和年际尺度4种时间分辨率下的数据产品。本数据集对准确评估黄河三角洲湿地生态系统的碳水通量及其各时间尺度上的动态变化规律提供了可靠的数据支撑。

盐城滨海淡水湿地芦苇光合特性及叶绿素荧光特性日变化研究

[目的]探讨盐城滨海淡水湿地芦苇光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性。[方法]以滨海淡水湿地芦苇为研究对象,测定光合参数和叶绿素荧光参数日变化,并与滨海盐沼湿地芦苇进行比较。[结果]盐城滨海淡水湿地芦苇净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和胞间CO_(2)浓度日变化呈双峰型,水分利用效率日变化呈“U”型。电子传递速率日变化整体上呈下降趋势,非光化学淬灭系数和实际光化学量子效率日变化分别呈倒“U”型和“U”型。滨海淡水湿地芦苇净光合速率高于滨海盐沼湿地芦苇,具有更强的光合能力。[结论]盐城滨海淡水湿地芦苇相较于滨海盐沼湿地芦苇具有更强的光合固碳能力。

白腐菌Polyporus varius的木质素降解及其对芦苇综纤维素含量和kappa值的影响

用苯胺蓝法结合鞣酸法从枯树木片中筛选了一株具有降解木质素能力的白腐菌菌株NM23-002,初步鉴定为多孔菌属Polyporus varius,并研究了其对芦苇综纤维素含量的影响及降低纸浆中kappa值的条件.结果表明,P.varius预处理造纸原料芦苇的最佳工艺条件为pH 5.5,温度41℃,接种量为50 v/v,处理时间16 d,此时kappa值最低为17.851,与对照样相比kappa值变化非常明显,降低了2.236,而芦苇综纤维素被降解不明显,被降解了0.003%.同时,木质素的相对降解率在20 d后达到37.44%,脱木素选择性为8.83,表明能起到良好的降解木质素的作用.

基于UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS 技术快速分析铁苋菜的化学成分

目的:采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱技术(UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)对铁苋菜的化学成分进行分析。方法:色谱柱为Kinetex XB-C_(18)柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.3 mL/min,柱温30℃。质谱采用电喷雾(ESI)离子源,信息关联模式(IDA)正、负离子分别采集。应用PeakView1.2软件依据精确质量数和同位素峰度比确定化合物分子式,通过对照品及数据库的二级谱图比对、裂解规律分析,结合已有文献报道,确定化合物结构式。结果:鉴定和推断铁苋菜中47种化学成分,包括有机酸类、黄酮类、萜类和鞣质等,其中26个化合物在铁苋菜中首次报道。结论:建立的铁苋菜提取物化学成分的UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS分析法快速准确,能够较全面的提供各峰的组成和结构信息,为铁苋菜的开发利用和药效物质基础的阐明提供参考。