Ultrastructural changes in secondary wall formation of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel fiber were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Fiber developed initially with the elongation of cells containing...Ultrastructural changes in secondary wall formation of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel fiber were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Fiber developed initially with the elongation of cells containing ribosomes, mitochondria and Golgi bodies in the dense cytoplasm. During the wall thickening, the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies increased apparently. There were two kinds of Golgi vesicles, together with the ones from endoplasmic reticulum formed transport vesicles. Many microtubules were arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell adjacent to the plasmalemma. Along with the further development of fiber, polylamellate structure of the secondary wall appeared, with concurrent agglutination of chromatin in the nucleus, swelling and disintegration of organelles, while cortical microtubules were still arranged neatly against the inner side of plasmalemma. Lomasomes could be observed between the wall and plasmalemma. The results indicated that the organelles, such as Golgi bodies together with small vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lomasomes, played the key role in the thickening and lignification of the secondary wall of bamboo fiber, though cortical microtubules were correlative with the process as well.展开更多
The height growth of bamboo in 2008 and 2009 as well as the water contents of bamboo stump,leaves,straw,and rhizome in 2009 were measured at the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve.The results revealed that the relationshi...The height growth of bamboo in 2008 and 2009 as well as the water contents of bamboo stump,leaves,straw,and rhizome in 2009 were measured at the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve.The results revealed that the relationship between the height growth（Pn）and growth time（t）showed S-shaped curve in the two years;the water contents of bamboo stump,leaf,straw,rhizome and bamboo shoot were 0.50-2.31,0.46-1.8,0.50-1.38,0.56-1.58 and 0.89-8.96,respectively.Among them,the water content of bamboo shoot was the highest and noticeable changed,followed by bamboo stump,leaves,rhizome and straw in order.The water contents of the underground and aboveground parts respectively were 0.34-0.62 and 0.33-0.57.展开更多
We investigated the culm form for one of the largest bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. in relation to the me- chanical constraint principles, i.e., elastic, stress and geometric similarity. The fi...We investigated the culm form for one of the largest bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. in relation to the me- chanical constraint principles, i.e., elastic, stress and geometric similarity. The fine-resolution analysis of the culm taper indicated that the culm for P. pubescens consisted of three or four segments with various forms, except for the butt swell. This implied that the taper of the whole culm for P. pubescens could be expressed by neither of these principles. The regression slope between culm height and diameter at breast height on the double logarithmic coordinates was 0.629, which was significantly different from the values predicted from these principles. In conclusion, none of these mechanical constraint principles can express the culm taper and height-diameter relationship, and there may be a need for a more complicated model to express the culm form for P. pubescens.展开更多
Due to its rapid growth and high rate of spread, Phyllostachys pubescens can suppress other species, eventually leading to pure P. pubescens forests. Research on the patterns of litter decomposition and nutrient relea...Due to its rapid growth and high rate of spread, Phyllostachys pubescens can suppress other species, eventually leading to pure P. pubescens forests. Research on the patterns of litter decomposition and nutrient release from P. pubescens across stand mixtures are helpful to understand the decomposition and nutrient dynamics during the invasion process. However, little is known for unmanaged conditions at high elevations. Therefore, we studied the decomposition of four litter compositions comprised of different combinations of P. pubescens and Cunninghamia lanceolata foliage for one year to explore the pattern of litter decomposition and nutrient release at the Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve. The results show that:(1) the litter decomposed faster with a higher proportion of P. pubescens based on Olson's decay model;(2) the remaining litter compositions followed a trigonometric function model better than Olson'sdecay model and fluctuated periodically in tandem with changing temperature and precipitation;(3) the litter mixture decompositions did not support the biomass-ratio hypothesis test; and(4) there were significant binomial, power and exponential relationships between initial concentration and final amounts remaining after 1 year decomposition for C, N and P. The correlations between litter decomposition and nutrient releases were significant. The results may be used to explain the rapid spread of P. pubescens and to guide the natural management of plantations.展开更多
Plantation under the forest is a good way of agroforestry,but the canopy closure has a great influence on understory herbs’growth.In the study,different canopy closures of Phyllostachys pubescens forests were set up ...Plantation under the forest is a good way of agroforestry,but the canopy closure has a great influence on understory herbs’growth.In the study,different canopy closures of Phyllostachys pubescens forests were set up to explore its influence on the growth of Ilex latifolia Thunb.The photosynthetic characteristics of Ilex latifolia leaves under different canopy closures were determined by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate curve of Ilex latifolia leaves of T1(canopy closure of 0.56)was bimodal with an obvious"midday depression"phenomenon,while the net photosynthetic rate curves of T2(canopy closure of 0.72)and T3(canopy closure of 0.86)were unimodal.The results of light response curve showed that the photosynthetically active radiation and transpiration rate reduced with the increasing of canopy closures.The photosynthetically active radiation,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and net photosynthetic rate of Ilex latifolia leaves of T2 were higher than those of T3.Although the net photosynthetic rate of T2 was lower than that of T1,it had no obvious photo-inhibition which affected plant growth.Overall,the canopy closure of 0.72 was more suitable for the growth of Ilex latifolia.The herb plantation in the bamboo forest should be considered with the canopy closure for a better growth.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to constru...[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.展开更多
This study analyzed the microclimate factors and human comfort index inside and outside the Phyl ostachys heterocycla forest of Qishan Natiional Forest Park in summer,and compared them with those of the city square.Th...This study analyzed the microclimate factors and human comfort index inside and outside the Phyl ostachys heterocycla forest of Qishan Natiional Forest Park in summer,and compared them with those of the city square.The results showed that:(1)In terms of the average daily temperature,the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows:city square>outer forest>inner forest.The temperature of the inner forest was 5.41–10.31°C lower than that of the city square,and the temperature of the outer forest was 4.41–9.51°C lower than that of the city square.(2)In terms of the average daily relative humidity,the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows:city square<outer forest<inner forest.Compared with the city sqaure,the inner forest had an increase of 8.21–31.51%in relative humidity,and the outer forest had an increase of 8.11–26.16%in relative humidity.(3)In terms of the average daily wind speed,the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows:city square>outer forest>inner forest.The daily average value of the city square was 42%and 37%higher than that of the inner and outer forests,and the daily average value of the outer forest was 21%higher than that of the inner forest.(4)In terms of the daily average illumination intensity,the inner and outer forests and the square ranked as follows:city square>outer forest>inner forest.The daily average value of the city square was 97.38%and 74.33%higher than that of the inner and outer forests,and the daily average value of the outer forest was 89.78%higher than that of the inner forest.展开更多
Taking the Phyllostachys heterocycla forest in Qishan National Forest Park of Fuzhou for example, this study observed the diurnal variation of atmospheric aerosol particles in the forest in the growing season.The resu...Taking the Phyllostachys heterocycla forest in Qishan National Forest Park of Fuzhou for example, this study observed the diurnal variation of atmospheric aerosol particles in the forest in the growing season.The results showed that:(1) The diurnal variation curves of the particle concentration of the forest and the forest edge had "two peaks and two troughs", but the peaks and troughs of the forest edge were advanced or delayed.The concentrations of the particles in the forest and at the forest edge had two peaks at 11:00–13:00 and 17:00–19:00 and two troughs at 7:00–9:00 and 15:00–17:00.(2) For the forest and the forest edge, the diurnal variation trends of the particles of different particle sizes were generally similar, except that the peaks and troughs of fine particles were slightly earlier or lagging than that of coarse particles.(3) The concentrations of the particles were positively correlated with temperature, humidity and light, and negatively correlated with wind speed, and the concentrations of the particles at the forest edge were significantly negatively correlated with wind speed.展开更多
文摘Ultrastructural changes in secondary wall formation of Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel fiber were investigated with transmission electron microscopy. Fiber developed initially with the elongation of cells containing ribosomes, mitochondria and Golgi bodies in the dense cytoplasm. During the wall thickening, the number of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies increased apparently. There were two kinds of Golgi vesicles, together with the ones from endoplasmic reticulum formed transport vesicles. Many microtubules were arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell adjacent to the plasmalemma. Along with the further development of fiber, polylamellate structure of the secondary wall appeared, with concurrent agglutination of chromatin in the nucleus, swelling and disintegration of organelles, while cortical microtubules were still arranged neatly against the inner side of plasmalemma. Lomasomes could be observed between the wall and plasmalemma. The results indicated that the organelles, such as Golgi bodies together with small vesicles, rough endoplasmic reticulum and lomasomes, played the key role in the thickening and lignification of the secondary wall of bamboo fiber, though cortical microtubules were correlative with the process as well.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Department 973 Program(2005CB422207,2002CB111504,2002CB410811,2005CB422208)Science and Technology Department Data Share Platform Construction Program(2006DKA32300-08)+2 种基金Science Department National Cooperation Program(200073819)National Natural Science Fund Program(40671132)Scientific Fundamental Work Special Program(2007FY110300-8)~~
文摘The height growth of bamboo in 2008 and 2009 as well as the water contents of bamboo stump,leaves,straw,and rhizome in 2009 were measured at the Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve.The results revealed that the relationship between the height growth（Pn）and growth time（t）showed S-shaped curve in the two years;the water contents of bamboo stump,leaf,straw,rhizome and bamboo shoot were 0.50-2.31,0.46-1.8,0.50-1.38,0.56-1.58 and 0.89-8.96,respectively.Among them,the water content of bamboo shoot was the highest and noticeable changed,followed by bamboo stump,leaves,rhizome and straw in order.The water contents of the underground and aboveground parts respectively were 0.34-0.62 and 0.33-0.57.
基金supported in part by the Sumitomo Foundation (Grant no. 083062)
文摘We investigated the culm form for one of the largest bamboo species, Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz. in relation to the me- chanical constraint principles, i.e., elastic, stress and geometric similarity. The fine-resolution analysis of the culm taper indicated that the culm for P. pubescens consisted of three or four segments with various forms, except for the butt swell. This implied that the taper of the whole culm for P. pubescens could be expressed by neither of these principles. The regression slope between culm height and diameter at breast height on the double logarithmic coordinates was 0.629, which was significantly different from the values predicted from these principles. In conclusion, none of these mechanical constraint principles can express the culm taper and height-diameter relationship, and there may be a need for a more complicated model to express the culm form for P. pubescens.
基金funded by the Fujian Provincial Education Department (Grants No. JA15154)Youth Foundation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Grants No. 2010007)
文摘Due to its rapid growth and high rate of spread, Phyllostachys pubescens can suppress other species, eventually leading to pure P. pubescens forests. Research on the patterns of litter decomposition and nutrient release from P. pubescens across stand mixtures are helpful to understand the decomposition and nutrient dynamics during the invasion process. However, little is known for unmanaged conditions at high elevations. Therefore, we studied the decomposition of four litter compositions comprised of different combinations of P. pubescens and Cunninghamia lanceolata foliage for one year to explore the pattern of litter decomposition and nutrient release at the Daiyun Mountain National Nature Reserve. The results show that:(1) the litter decomposed faster with a higher proportion of P. pubescens based on Olson's decay model;(2) the remaining litter compositions followed a trigonometric function model better than Olson'sdecay model and fluctuated periodically in tandem with changing temperature and precipitation;(3) the litter mixture decompositions did not support the biomass-ratio hypothesis test; and(4) there were significant binomial, power and exponential relationships between initial concentration and final amounts remaining after 1 year decomposition for C, N and P. The correlations between litter decomposition and nutrient releases were significant. The results may be used to explain the rapid spread of P. pubescens and to guide the natural management of plantations.
文摘Plantation under the forest is a good way of agroforestry,but the canopy closure has a great influence on understory herbs’growth.In the study,different canopy closures of Phyllostachys pubescens forests were set up to explore its influence on the growth of Ilex latifolia Thunb.The photosynthetic characteristics of Ilex latifolia leaves under different canopy closures were determined by Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate curve of Ilex latifolia leaves of T1(canopy closure of 0.56)was bimodal with an obvious"midday depression"phenomenon,while the net photosynthetic rate curves of T2(canopy closure of 0.72)and T3(canopy closure of 0.86)were unimodal.The results of light response curve showed that the photosynthetically active radiation and transpiration rate reduced with the increasing of canopy closures.The photosynthetically active radiation,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance,and net photosynthetic rate of Ilex latifolia leaves of T2 were higher than those of T3.Although the net photosynthetic rate of T2 was lower than that of T1,it had no obvious photo-inhibition which affected plant growth.Overall,the canopy closure of 0.72 was more suitable for the growth of Ilex latifolia.The herb plantation in the bamboo forest should be considered with the canopy closure for a better growth.
基金Supported by Specialized Fund for the Basic Research Operating Expenses Program of International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan(163201300812618-7)Special Fund for Research and Development of Forestry Nonprofit Industry(200704001)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to construct the full-length cDNA library for ger- minating seeds of Phyllostachys heterocycla [Method] Germinating seeds of P. hetero- cycla were used as experimental materials to construct the full-length cDNA library by using Oligo-capping method. [Result] The constructed library has a total capacity of 6.5×10^6 recombinant clones, and a low proportion of clones without inserted frag- ments; the size of inserted fragments ranges between 0.3-5.0 kb, with strict classifi- cation and ideal consistency. Furthermore, the proportion of clones harboring long in- serted fragments （1.0-5.0 kb） is as high as 30%, achieving the standard for high- quality full-length cDNA library. [Conclusion] The full-length cDNA library of germinat- ing seeds of P. heterocycla was successfully constructed, which laid important foun- dation for the functional genomics research of bamboo plants.
基金Sponsored by the Science and Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Administration Center of Parks(ZX2019)Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project(D171100001817001)
文摘This study analyzed the microclimate factors and human comfort index inside and outside the Phyl ostachys heterocycla forest of Qishan Natiional Forest Park in summer,and compared them with those of the city square.The results showed that:(1)In terms of the average daily temperature,the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows:city square>outer forest>inner forest.The temperature of the inner forest was 5.41–10.31°C lower than that of the city square,and the temperature of the outer forest was 4.41–9.51°C lower than that of the city square.(2)In terms of the average daily relative humidity,the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows:city square<outer forest<inner forest.Compared with the city sqaure,the inner forest had an increase of 8.21–31.51%in relative humidity,and the outer forest had an increase of 8.11–26.16%in relative humidity.(3)In terms of the average daily wind speed,the inner and outer forests and the city square ranked as follows:city square>outer forest>inner forest.The daily average value of the city square was 42%and 37%higher than that of the inner and outer forests,and the daily average value of the outer forest was 21%higher than that of the inner forest.(4)In terms of the daily average illumination intensity,the inner and outer forests and the square ranked as follows:city square>outer forest>inner forest.The daily average value of the city square was 97.38%and 74.33%higher than that of the inner and outer forests,and the daily average value of the outer forest was 89.78%higher than that of the inner forest.
基金Sponsored by the Science and Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Administration Center of Parks(ZX2019)Beijing Science and Technology Plan Project(D171100001817001)
文摘Taking the Phyllostachys heterocycla forest in Qishan National Forest Park of Fuzhou for example, this study observed the diurnal variation of atmospheric aerosol particles in the forest in the growing season.The results showed that:(1) The diurnal variation curves of the particle concentration of the forest and the forest edge had "two peaks and two troughs", but the peaks and troughs of the forest edge were advanced or delayed.The concentrations of the particles in the forest and at the forest edge had two peaks at 11:00–13:00 and 17:00–19:00 and two troughs at 7:00–9:00 and 15:00–17:00.(2) For the forest and the forest edge, the diurnal variation trends of the particles of different particle sizes were generally similar, except that the peaks and troughs of fine particles were slightly earlier or lagging than that of coarse particles.(3) The concentrations of the particles were positively correlated with temperature, humidity and light, and negatively correlated with wind speed, and the concentrations of the particles at the forest edge were significantly negatively correlated with wind speed.
