Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Physalis alkekengi L.Peel and Its Effect on the Expression of Inflammation-Related Proteins in SW620 Cells

Objective:To establish an optimized aqueous extraction process for polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel and to preliminarily explore its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against colorectal cancer SW620 cells.Methods:A single-factor test combined with orthogonal test analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the material-to-liquid ratio,extraction temperature,and extraction time on the yield of polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel.The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was assessed by analyzing their free radical scavenging ability in vitro,and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using SW620 cells.Results:The optimal extraction conditions were a material-to-liquid ratio of m(g):V(mL)=1:30,an extraction temperature of 100℃,and an extraction time of 40 minutes,with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 25.7%.The polysaccharides from Physalis peruviana peel effectively scavenged DPPH,superoxide anion,and hydroxyl radicals.After treatment with Physalis peruviana polysaccharides,the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-αin the cell culture medium were significantly reduced,and the phosphorylation level of P65 protein in SW620 cells was decreased.Conclusion:This extraction method is stable and reliable,and the prepared Physalis alkekengi L.polysaccharides exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study provides a theoretical basis for developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

A novel cytotoxic neophysalin from Physalis alkekengi var.francheti

A new neophysalin, named 5α-hydroxy-25,27-dihydro-4,7-didehydro-7-deoxyneophysalin A（1）, along with three other known neophysalins （2-4） were isolated from the calyxes of Physalis alkekengi L. var.francheti （Mast.） Makino. The structure of 1 was determined by means of 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and mass spectra. Compound 1 displayed potent cytotoxicities in vitro against PC- 3 and LNCaP cell lines.

Three new physalins from Physalis alkekengi var. franchetii

Three new physalin steroids,physalin Ⅲ(1),physalin IV(2),3-O-methylphysalin X(3),together with five known physalins(4-8)were isolated from the 80%EtOH extract of calyces of Physalis alkekengi var.franchetii.The structures of the new compounds were revealed through 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic studies.

Study on Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration of Physalis alkekengi

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate optimal conditions for callus induction and plant regeneration of Physalis alkekengi. [ Method ] P. alkek- eng/was employed as the experimental material and different concentrations of 6-BA and c^-NAA were added to MS medium to prepare the differentiation medium, to investigate the effect of different concentrations of plant hormones on callus differentiation of P. alkekengi. [ Result ] Under low or high concentrations of 6-BA, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants and differentiation rate were reduced with the increasing concentration of ct-NAA ; when the concentrations of 6-BA and ct-NAA were respectively 1.0 and 0.2 mg/L, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants and differentiation rate reached the maximum. [ Conclusion] When the concentrations of α-NAA were maintained unchanged, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants reached the maximum under the moderate concentrations of 6-BA, while the differentiation rate showed irregular variations. In MS medium with supplement of 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L α-NAA, ratio of the total number of adventitious buds/explants and differentiation rate reached the peak. This study provided reference for callus induction of P. alkekengi.

Medicinal and Edible Plant——Physalis alkekengi L.and Its Cultivation Techniques

Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.

Modulative effect of Physalis alkekengi on both gut bacterial and fungal micro-ecosystem

Objective: Gut microbiome is an intricate micro-ecosystem mediating the human health and drug efficacy. Physalis alkekengi(PAL) is an edible and time-honored traditional Chinese medicine. Several pharmacological effects of PAL have been verified and gut bacteria are implied in its therapeutic actions.However, the detailed modulation of PAL on gut bacterial species and on gut fungi remains largely unknown. We, therefore, designed a preliminary experiment in normal mice to reveal the modulation effect of PAL on both gut bacteria and fungi, and explore the interaction between them.Methods: Herein, the aqueous extract of PAL was orally administrated to normal C57BL/6 mice for four weeks. The full-length 16S rRNA and ITS1/2 gene sequencing were explored to detect the taxa of gut bacteria and gut fungi after PAL treatment, respectively.Results: Oral administration of PAL notably enriched anti-infammatory bacterial species such as Duncaniella spp. and Kineothrix alysoides, whereas decreased pro-infammatory species such as Mucispirillum schaedleri. Simultaneously, PAL increased the abundance of gut fungi Aspergillus ochraceus,Cladosporium sp. and Alternaria sp., and decreased Penicillium janthinellum. Correlation network analysis identified two co-existing microbial groups(groups 1 and 2) that were negatively associated with each other. The group 1 comprised PAL-enriched bacteria and fungi, while group 2 was mainly normal chow-enriched bacteria and fungi. In group 1, Antrodia monomitica, Aspergillus clavatus, Mortierella kuhlmanii and Sarcinomyces sp. MA 4787 were positively correlated with Bifidobacterium globosum,Romboutsia ilealis and so on. In group 2, Chaetomium subspirilliferum, Septoria orchidearum and Cephaliophora tropica were positively related to Lactobacillus spp.Conclusion: Altogether, this preliminary study first demonstrated the modulation effect of PAL on both gut bacteria and gut fungi, which may shed light on the elucidation of PAL’s pharmacological mechanism.

Extraction,Purification,and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Steroid Fraction from Physalis Alkekengi L.Var.Franchetii(Mast.)Makino

Objective: As a traditional medicinal plant listed in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii(Mast.) Makino(PAF) has a long medicinal history and high economic value. PAF has immunomodulatory properties and can be used to treat acute lung injury and eczema.The aim of this study is to solve the problems of extraction and purification of active components from PAF. Materials and Methods: The solvent to be used for extraction and its concentration, the solid-to-liquid ratio, and extraction duration were investigated using a single-factor experiment.An orthogonal design(L_(9)[3^(4)]) was used to determine the optimum extraction conditions. After optimization, the sample’s concentrations and flow velocity, the eluents and their velocity, adsorption time, and the removed water volume were measured. The content of the five steroids in the sample was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). We also investigated the anti-inflammatory property of PAF calyxes before and after purification. Results: The optimum extraction and purification processes were determined by single-factor analysis.AB-8 was identified as the best macroporous adsorption resin for enrichment. After optimization, the average total steroid content was 71.83%,and the average recovery was 90% after purification. Among the five steroid components detected by HPLC, physalin F showed the highest content. Furthermore, the sample obtained after purification could significantly inhibit paw edema by egg whites induced. Conclusions: An environmentally-sustainable, efficient, and stable process was first optimized for enriching and purifying total steroids from PAF. The process has the potential for further development and utilization in the pharmaceutical industry.

Chemical constituents from the fruit calyx of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti

In the present study, in order to investigate the chemical constituents of Physal＆ alkekengi L. var. franchetii （Mast.） Makino, the isolation of ingredients was performed by repeated chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified based on 1D, 2D NMR, and mass spectral analysis, A total of 14 compounds were obtained, and their structures were identified as physalin P （1）, 4,7-didehydroneophysalin B （2）, physalin D （3）, 5α-hydroxy-25,27-dihydro-7- dehydro-7-deoxyneophysalin A （4）, 4,7-didehydrophysalin B （5）, ursolic acid （6）, wogonin （7）, blumenol A （8）, nobiletin （9）, liquiritigenin （10）, schizandrin （11）, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （12）, 5-（hydroxymethy1）-2-（dimethoxymethyl）furan （13）, 1-O- [3-O-2-methyl-5-（2,3,4-trimethyl）pheny1-2,3-pentanedi]-β-D-xylopyranosyl-（1→6）-β-D-galactopyranoside （14）. Among them, compound 14 is a new compound. Compounds 7-11, 13 are isolated from Physalis alkekengi L. var.franchetii （Mast.） Makino for the first time.