Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Ground Cherry(Physalis angulata L.)standardized CO2 phytopharmaceutical preparation

AIM To investigate the effects of Ground Cherry(Physalis angulata L.)standardized supercritical CO_2 extract in trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid(TNBS)model of rat intestinal inflammation.METHODS The animals were divided into groups that received vehicle or P.angulata extract(PACO_2)orally at the doses 25,50 and 100 mg/kg daily by 5 d before TNBS damage.Protective effects of PACO_2 were assessed by macroscopic analysis,biochemical determinations of the levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),glutathione and cytokines(such as INF-γ,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α),gene expression evaluation(including Hsp70,heparanase,NF-κB,mitogenactivated protein kinases(Mapk)1,3,6 and 9,and the mucins genes Muc 1,2,3 and 4)and histopathological studies using optical,and electronic(transmission and scanning)microscopy.RESULTS PACO2 extract promoted a significant reduction in MPO and ALP activities,reducing oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration.These effects were accompanied by significant reduction of colonic levels of IFN-γand IL-6 and down-regulation of heparanase,Hsp70,Mapk3,Mapk9,Muc1 and Muc2 genes expression when compared with TNBS-control animals.In addition,protective effects were also evidenced by reduced neutrophil infiltration,recovery of cell architecture and replacement of mucin by histopathological and ultrastructural analysis.CONCLUSION Physalis angulata supercritical CO2 extract is an intestinal anti-inflammatory product that modulates oxidative stress,immune response and expression of inflammatory mediators,with potentially utility for treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of Physalis angulata leaf extract on retinoblastoma cells

AIM: To investigate the effect of Physalis angulata leaf extract on apoptotic and proliferation of retinoblastoma cells. Despite several previous studies evidencing the anticancer potential of Physalis angulata;however, certain study that proves its benefits in retinoblastoma cancer cells has been limited.METHODS: This study utilizes an in-vitro experimental study by applying Y79 human retinoblastoma cell line culture obtained from the American Type Culture Collection(ATCC;10801 University Boulevard Manassas, VA 20110, USA). The cell was divided into 4 groups. Group I was the control group without the administration of Physalis angulata leaf extract. Whereas, group II, II and IV are engaged with 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of Physalis angulata leaf extract respectively. After a 24 h incubation, an examination with microtetrazolium(MTT) cell proliferation assay and Annexin V apoptosis detection was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed with the Tukey test.RESULTS: Physalis angulata leaf extract improved apoptosis and significantly reduced the number of living cells in retinoblastoma cells, along with the increase in the given dose. Based on the Tukey test, a significant difference was found in the treatment group at 50 μg/mL(P=0.025) and 100 μg/mL(P=0.001) in the measurement of apoptosis. Proliferation measurements also indicated a significant decrease in the number of living cells in the 50μg/m L treatment group(P=0.004), and in the 100 μg/mL treatment group(P=0.000). Meanwhile, a dose of 25 μg/mL indicated insignificant difference in the two measurements. Improved apoptosis and decreased number of living cells occured at a dose of 100 μg/mL. Decreased number of living cells(in the measurement of proliferation) was due to the inhibited proliferation or improved apoptosis.CONCLUSION: Physalis angulata leaf extract improve apoptosis in retinoblastoma cell culture, requiring further research to inhibit proliferation.

Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf(Physalis minima L.)attenuates ventricular fibrosis through inhibition of TNF-α in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf(Physalis minima L),which contain phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides,toward ventricular TNF-αlevel and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats.METHODS Wistar rats divided into six groups(K1:normal;K2:5 weeks ovariectomy(OVX);K3:9weeks ovariectomy(OVX),K4,K5,and K5:9weeks OVX+4 weeks ceplukan leaf's methanolic extract dose 500,1500,and 2500 mg·kg-1,respectively.TNF-αlevel measured with ELISA method.Fibrosis measured as blue color percentage in Masson′s Trichrome staining.RESULTS This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increase ventricular fibrosis(P<0.05).Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decreased ventricular fibrosis and TNF-αlevel in dose dependent manner compared with those of without treatment group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the TNF-αlevel normalized in rat treated with 2500mg·kg-1 Physalis minima L(P<0.05).Reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-αlevel(P<0.05,r= 0.873).CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decrease ventricular fibrosis through inhibition of ventricular TNF-αin ovariectomized rats.Duration of hypoestrogen increase ventricular fibrosis.

The myth of “minima” and “maxima”,the species of Physalis in the Indian Subcontinent

The status of the names, Physalis minima L. and P. maxima Mill. (Solanaceae), and their alleged presence on the Indian subcontinent are discussed. The issues of nativity and identity of Linnaean Physalis minima are long-debated while the use of the name P. maxima Mill. and its report from India are recent. The available evidence indicates that the name "P. minima L." is misapplied to two different elements, viz., P. angulata L. and P. lagascae Roem. & Schult. The name Physalis minima L. may be rejected as nomen confusum, for which the paper provides the primary information. As on today, it is submerged under the synonymy of P. angulata L. The correct name for the widely known P. minima is P. lagascae. The name "P. maxima Mill." applied to the escape and naturalized weed in the Indian subcontinent and elsewhere is to be substituted by P. pruinosa L., a name misapplied to P. grisea (Waterf.) M. Martínez.

Medicinal and Edible Plant——Physalis alkekengi L.and Its Cultivation Techniques

Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.

Polysaccharide from Fruits of Physalis Alkekengi L. Enhances Antitumor Efficacy by a DNA Vaccine

Physalis. alkekengi fruit has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for tumor therapy. In the present study, using plasmids that encode ovalbumin (OVA) gene, we investigate the adjuvant activity of a polysaccharide fraction (PPSB) isolated from P.alkekengi fruit. Formulation by simple procedures of mixing of the OVA-encoding pCI-neo-sOVA plasmid with PPSB not only induced specific antibody responses, but also induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses (Graph abstract). Furthermore, immunization using this vaccine prevented the growth of OVA-expressing B16-OVA tumor cell growth in the immunized mice. Thus, we provide evidence supporting the adjuvant activity of PPSB in DNA vaccine against tumor.

A review of the ethnobotanical value,phytochemistry,and pharmacology of Physalis pubescens L.

Physalis pubescens L.(P.pubescens)was widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases,such as sore throat,aphonia,phlegm,heat,and cough in folk medicine.The fruits of P.pubescens are commonly consumed as fruit in many areas of the world.In the past few decades,the phytochemistry and pharmacology of P.pubescens were extensively investigated.About 170 chemical constituents were purified from P.pubescens.The extract and chemical constituents of P.pubescens demonstrate diverse pharmacological effects,including anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,anticancer,antimicrobial activity,immunomodulation,diuretic effect,hypoglycemic,and hypolipidemic in vitro and in vivo.Herein,we systematically summarized the ethnomedicinal uses,botanical characterization,distribution,phytochemistry,and pharmacology of P.pubescens,and establish the correlation between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects.

RP-HPLC测定酸浆药材中3种有效成分的含量

目的:采用 RP-HPLC 建立同时测定酸浆药材中酸浆苦味素 A、酸浆苦味素 D 及木犀草素含量的方法。方法:分析柱采用 Diamonsil C_(18)(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.2%醋酸(45:55,v/v);流速:1.0 mL·min^(-1);检测波长:220 nm。结果:酸浆苦味素 A、酸浆苦味素 D 及木犀草素浓度分别在0.15～1.20 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9995),0.10～0.81 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9996),0.12～0.96 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9997)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,酸浆苦味素 A 平均回收率分别为95.9%,97.1%,103%;RSD 分别为2.0%,0.7%,1.4%。酸浆苦味素 D 的平均回收率分别为97.3%,101%,97.1%;RSD 分别为1.0%,1.9%,1.3%。木犀草素的平均回收率分别为97.8%,97.8%,97.7%;RSD 分别为0.4%,2.9%,0.5%。结论:采用 RP-HPLC 同时测定酸浆药材中酸浆苦味素 A、酸浆苦味素 D 及木犀草素3种成分的含量,该法简单、可靠,可作为控制酸浆药材质量的参考标准。

黄菇娘红茶复合饮料的制作工艺研究

以新鲜黄菇娘、红茶为原材料,通过单因素试验与正交试验进行配方优化,对黄菇娘汁添加量、红茶浸提液添加量、白砂糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量等因素进行优化研究,以感官评价为指标,确定黄菇娘红茶复合饮料的最佳配比。结果表明,当红茶浸提液添加量为35%,黄姑娘汁添加量为15%,白砂糖添加量为10%,柠檬酸添加量为0.08%时,制得的黄菇娘红茶复合饮料呈淡黄色,组织细腻均匀,口感微酸,并且具有黄菇娘的独特水果清香和红茶特有的香气。

HPLC法测定菇茑果实中叶黄素的含量

建立用于测定菇茑果实中叶黄素含量的检测方法。方法以正己烷为溶剂,采用浸泡法提取样品中的叶黄素,NaOH-CH_3OH溶液皂化后利用HPLC测定其含量。色谱柱为Kromassil C_(18)柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为甲醇,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为445nm。结果叶黄素在2.3~36.8μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系。结论该方法准确度高、重现性好,可适于菇茑果实中叶黄素含量的定量分析。

HPLC法同时测定锦黄咽炎片中7种黄酮的含量

目的建立同时测定锦黄咽炎片中7种黄酮类成分含量的HPLC法。方法采用Phenomenex Synergi C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,4μm),甲醇(A)-体积分数0.2%磷酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为349 nm。结果木犀草苷、野黄芩苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、木犀草素、黄芩素和汉黄芩素在10倍浓度范围内线性相关系数>0.999 0,方法精密度RSD≤2.6%(n=6),回收率在97.9%～103.8%内。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于锦黄咽炎片的质量控制。

UPLC-MS/MS法测定苦蘵宿萼中physalin H和physalin D的含量

建立了同时测定苦蘵中2种酸浆苦味素类化合物含量的方法.应用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)与Qtrap质谱(MS)联用同时测定苦蘵中酸浆苦味素H(physalin H)和酸浆苦味素D(physalin D)2个成分的含量.采用Waters Acquity BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以水(0.1%甲酸)-乙腈(0.1%甲酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),使用ESI+离子源,多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描,对physalin H和physalin D进行定量.结果表明physalin H和physalin D在5~10000 ng·mL^(-1)范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.9997和0.9995;平均加样回收率(n=5)分别为71.1%和71.0%,RSD值分别为1.36%和1.47%.该方法准确可靠,可用于苦蘵药材中physalin H和physalin D的含量测定,为有效控制苦蘵药材的质量奠定了基础.

Extraction and Crystal Structure of Physalin B

The title compound of physalin B（C28H32O9）, a main active physalin of Physalis angulata L, was isolated from the whole plant of Physalis angulata L, and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21 with C28H32O9, a = 12.4996（2）, b = 14.35620（10）, c = 14.75190（10）, V = 2607.97（5） 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.382 mg/cm3, Mr = 542.56, F（000） = 1152, and μ = 0.870 mm-1. The final R = 0.0389 and wR = 0.1037 for 47670 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The rigid molecule consists of eight fused rings involving two lactones. There are two C28H32O9 molecules in an symmetric unit, and the title compound is stacked into a 3D layer structure through hydrogen bonds. In the 5~20 μmol/L range, physalin B can significantly inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 on RAW264.7 cells. The results suggest that physalin B has anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.

酸浆宿萼中酸浆苦素的提取工艺及降糖活性

该试验采用低共熔溶剂-超声波辅助提取法对酸浆宿萼中的酸浆苦素进行提取并进行降糖活性研究。该试验合成5种不同的低共熔溶剂,在单因素试验的基础上,采用四因素三水平的响应面法优化酸浆宿萼中的酸浆苦素的提取工艺条件,通过对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶抑制能力测定评价酸浆苦素体外降糖活性。结果表明:氯化胆碱∶葡萄糖=2∶1(摩尔比)合成的低共熔溶剂酸浆苦素提取量最高,且明显高于75%乙醇组;最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶10(g/mL)、超声功率320 W、超声时间30 min、含水量15%,在该条件下,酸浆苦素提取量为(8.96±0.15)mg/g,酸浆苦素有降糖活性。

毛酸浆果啤酿造工艺的优化

以大麦芽和毛酸浆为主要原料,酿造毛酸浆果啤,探究毛酸浆添加量、毛酸浆浸提时间和发酵温度对毛酸浆果啤品质的影响,并采用响应面法优化毛酸浆果啤的酿造工艺。结果表明,毛酸浆果啤最佳酿造工艺条件为毛酸浆添加量6.4 g/L,毛酸浆浸提时间4.4 d,发酵温度12.5°C。在此条件下酿造出的毛酸浆果啤色泽金黄,澄清有光泽,泡沫洁白细腻且持久,香气协调,杀口感适度,回味悠长,其感官评价高达92分。

超声-微波辅助提取酸浆宿萼多糖及其体外降糖活性

该文以酸浆宿萼为试材,研究料液比、超声功率、微波功率、协同时间对酸浆宿萼多糖提取量的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,采用四因素三水平的响应面法优选提取工艺参数,通过对α-葡萄糖苷酶、α-淀粉酶抑制能力测定检测酸浆宿萼多糖体外降糖活性。结果表明:最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶17(g/mL)、超声功率160 W、微波功率320 W、协同时间4 min;在该条件下,酸浆宿萼多糖提取量为(26.13±0.11)mg/g;体外降糖试验表明,酸浆宿萼多糖有降糖活性。

不同前处理对高温储存毛酸浆陈种子萌发的影响

毛酸浆(PhysalispubescensL.)是北方常见水果,近年由于在南方反季节栽培经济效益好,因此种植面积不断扩大,但发现海南高温储存会造成毛酸浆种子不萌发。以海南高温储存的毛酸浆陈种子为材料,研究冷处理、热水浸种、GA3处理等对其萌发的影响。结果表明:热水浸种、GA3处理均能提高海南高温储存毛酸浆种子的发芽势和发芽率,但远低于北方正常储存的种子,应用价值不大;冷处理能极显著提高海南高温储存毛酸浆种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和简化活力指数,最优条件为4℃冷处理24 h,发芽势和发芽率分别高达(25.333±0.58)和(84.67±0.58),显著或极显著高于其他处理。该结果为毛酸浆在南方反季节栽培的顺利开展提供了保障和参考。

毛酸浆干型果酒发酵工艺条件的研究

以新鲜毛酸浆为原料,研制毛酸浆干型果酒。试验选择影响毛酸浆干型果酒品质的4个主要因素,包括发酵温度,初始糖度,SO_(2)添加量,酵母接种量。以酒精度和感官评分为评价指标,通过正交试验考察最佳发酵工艺条件。试验所得最佳的工艺条件为:发酵温度26℃,初始糖度20%,SO_(2)添加量为40 mg/L,酵母接种量200 mg/L。

不同温度处理对毛酸浆花芽分化和生理特性的影响

为探讨温度对毛酸浆花芽分化的影响,以‘大黄菇娘’毛酸浆品种为试验对象,在花芽分化期分别设置27℃/20℃(CK)、23℃/16℃(T1)、31℃/24℃(T2)和35℃/28℃(T3)4个不同温度处理,研究毛酸浆花芽的形态分化过程变化及花芽分化进程中内源激素、碳水化合物、抗氧化酶等生理指标的变化。结果表明:低温(T1)和CK处理条件下,毛酸浆花芽分化进程基本相同;而高温处理(T2和T3)的花芽分化启动时间较CK处理提前,且在5L期花芽分化已达50%及以上,高温处理下的萼片原基分化不能形成闭合的套状结构,后期表现为果实裸露在宿存花萼的外部;CK和T1处理的果实均是正常果,但高温处理下畸形果比例达到50%以上。不同处理在3L期全氮含量表现为T3T2>CK>T1。高温处理下的SOD活性呈先降低后升高趋势,并且在4L期SOD活性分别比CK处理提高24.5%和25.9%。高温处理下POD活性呈先升高后降低趋势,表现为T3>T2>CK。随着分化进程,高温处理下ABA、IAA、ZR和GA3含量在3L期达到最高值,而低温和CK处理在4L期才达到最高值;其中在3L期,T2和T3处理IAA含量分别比CK处理提高31.5%和62.5%,GA3含量分别比CK处理提高107.4%和87.9%,T2和T3处理的ABA/IAA、ZR/IAA比值均低于CK处理;在毛酸浆花芽分化过程中,T1处理的ABA/GA3比值高于其他3个处理,与CK相比提高24.1%~37.8%。CK条件下,毛酸浆在3L期积累了大量的可溶性糖和果糖,其中可溶性糖分别比T1、T2、T3处理提高75.8%、33.6%、16.8%。综上可知,不同温度处理会影响毛酸浆的花芽分化,高温能够促进激素合成,影响氮含量和可溶性糖、果糖的积累,调控抗氧化酶活性,促进毛酸浆的花芽分化,但会导致畸形果的产生。