Optimization of Polysaccharides Extraction from Physalis alkekengi L.Peel and Its Effect on the Expression of Inflammation-Related Proteins in SW620 Cells

Objective:To establish an optimized aqueous extraction process for polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel and to preliminarily explore its in vitro anti-inflammatory activity against colorectal cancer SW620 cells.Methods:A single-factor test combined with orthogonal test analysis was used to evaluate the effects of the material-to-liquid ratio,extraction temperature,and extraction time on the yield of polysaccharides from Physalis alkekengi L.peel.The antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides was assessed by analyzing their free radical scavenging ability in vitro,and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated using SW620 cells.Results:The optimal extraction conditions were a material-to-liquid ratio of m(g):V(mL)=1:30,an extraction temperature of 100℃,and an extraction time of 40 minutes,with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 25.7%.The polysaccharides from Physalis peruviana peel effectively scavenged DPPH,superoxide anion,and hydroxyl radicals.After treatment with Physalis peruviana polysaccharides,the levels of IL-1β,IL-18,and TNF-αin the cell culture medium were significantly reduced,and the phosphorylation level of P65 protein in SW620 cells was decreased.Conclusion:This extraction method is stable and reliable,and the prepared Physalis alkekengi L.polysaccharides exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.This study provides a theoretical basis for developing drugs for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of Ground Cherry(Physalis angulata L.)standardized CO2 phytopharmaceutical preparation

AIM To investigate the effects of Ground Cherry(Physalis angulata L.)standardized supercritical CO_2 extract in trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid(TNBS)model of rat intestinal inflammation.METHODS The animals were divided into groups that received vehicle or P.angulata extract(PACO_2)orally at the doses 25,50 and 100 mg/kg daily by 5 d before TNBS damage.Protective effects of PACO_2 were assessed by macroscopic analysis,biochemical determinations of the levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),glutathione and cytokines(such as INF-γ,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10 and TNF-α),gene expression evaluation(including Hsp70,heparanase,NF-κB,mitogenactivated protein kinases(Mapk)1,3,6 and 9,and the mucins genes Muc 1,2,3 and 4)and histopathological studies using optical,and electronic(transmission and scanning)microscopy.RESULTS PACO2 extract promoted a significant reduction in MPO and ALP activities,reducing oxidative stress and neutrophil infiltration.These effects were accompanied by significant reduction of colonic levels of IFN-γand IL-6 and down-regulation of heparanase,Hsp70,Mapk3,Mapk9,Muc1 and Muc2 genes expression when compared with TNBS-control animals.In addition,protective effects were also evidenced by reduced neutrophil infiltration,recovery of cell architecture and replacement of mucin by histopathological and ultrastructural analysis.CONCLUSION Physalis angulata supercritical CO2 extract is an intestinal anti-inflammatory product that modulates oxidative stress,immune response and expression of inflammatory mediators,with potentially utility for treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf(Physalis minima L.)attenuates ventricular fibrosis through inhibition of TNF-α in ovariectomized rats

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf(Physalis minima L),which contain phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides,toward ventricular TNF-αlevel and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats.METHODS Wistar rats divided into six groups(K1:normal;K2:5 weeks ovariectomy(OVX);K3:9weeks ovariectomy(OVX),K4,K5,and K5:9weeks OVX+4 weeks ceplukan leaf's methanolic extract dose 500,1500,and 2500 mg·kg-1,respectively.TNF-αlevel measured with ELISA method.Fibrosis measured as blue color percentage in Masson′s Trichrome staining.RESULTS This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increase ventricular fibrosis(P<0.05).Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decreased ventricular fibrosis and TNF-αlevel in dose dependent manner compared with those of without treatment group(P<0.05).Furthermore,the TNF-αlevel normalized in rat treated with 2500mg·kg-1 Physalis minima L(P<0.05).Reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-αlevel(P<0.05,r= 0.873).CONCLUSION Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decrease ventricular fibrosis through inhibition of ventricular TNF-αin ovariectomized rats.Duration of hypoestrogen increase ventricular fibrosis.

Medicinal and Edible Plant——Physalis alkekengi L.and Its Cultivation Techniques

Botanical morphological characteristics of Physalis alkekengi L.is first introduced,and its medicinal and edible value is elaborated.Cultivation techniques of P.alkekengi L.are mainly introduced.The research aims to provide a certain basis for the better development and application of P.alkekengi L.

Polysaccharide from Fruits of Physalis Alkekengi L. Enhances Antitumor Efficacy by a DNA Vaccine

Physalis. alkekengi fruit has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for tumor therapy. In the present study, using plasmids that encode ovalbumin (OVA) gene, we investigate the adjuvant activity of a polysaccharide fraction (PPSB) isolated from P.alkekengi fruit. Formulation by simple procedures of mixing of the OVA-encoding pCI-neo-sOVA plasmid with PPSB not only induced specific antibody responses, but also induced antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses (Graph abstract). Furthermore, immunization using this vaccine prevented the growth of OVA-expressing B16-OVA tumor cell growth in the immunized mice. Thus, we provide evidence supporting the adjuvant activity of PPSB in DNA vaccine against tumor.

A review of the ethnobotanical value,phytochemistry,and pharmacology of Physalis pubescens L.

Physalis pubescens L.(P.pubescens)was widely used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases,such as sore throat,aphonia,phlegm,heat,and cough in folk medicine.The fruits of P.pubescens are commonly consumed as fruit in many areas of the world.In the past few decades,the phytochemistry and pharmacology of P.pubescens were extensively investigated.About 170 chemical constituents were purified from P.pubescens.The extract and chemical constituents of P.pubescens demonstrate diverse pharmacological effects,including anti-oxidation,anti-inflammation,anticancer,antimicrobial activity,immunomodulation,diuretic effect,hypoglycemic,and hypolipidemic in vitro and in vivo.Herein,we systematically summarized the ethnomedicinal uses,botanical characterization,distribution,phytochemistry,and pharmacology of P.pubescens,and establish the correlation between chemical constituents and pharmacological effects.

大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的QTL定位

大豆叶茸毛形态对抗虫性、耐旱性等均有重要作用。本研究利用2个重组自交系群体NJRIKY(KY)和NJRIXG(XG)进行叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传与QTL定位分析。结果表明,2个性状在2个群体中均有大幅度变异,存在不同程度的超亲分离,两者有极显著负相关(r=–0.49和–0.62),叶面茸毛密度的遗传率(75.7%～76.8%)高于叶面茸毛长度的遗传率(45.2%～62.9%);检测到2个叶面茸毛密度主效QTL(XG群体的PD1-1和KY群体的PD12-1,表型贡献率分别达20.7%和21.7%);两群体叶面茸毛密度遗传构成中加性QTL贡献率占20.7%～36.2%,互作QTL只占0～1.4%,而未定位到的微效QTL所占份额很大,为38.1%～56.1%,是以往只用定位程序而未注意遗传构成解析所没有发现的特点;未在KY中检测到叶面茸毛长度加性QTL,互作QTL贡献率也仅4.2%,而微效QTL贡献率达58.7%;但在XG中叶面茸毛长度加性QTL PL1-1和PL12-1贡献率分别达18.3%和22.5%,占主要成分,互作QTL和微效QTL贡献均较小,说明该性状两群体的遗传构成有很大差异。大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传涉及多个效应不同的基因/QTL。

RP-HPLC测定酸浆药材中3种有效成分的含量

目的:采用 RP-HPLC 建立同时测定酸浆药材中酸浆苦味素 A、酸浆苦味素 D 及木犀草素含量的方法。方法:分析柱采用 Diamonsil C_(18)(200 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.2%醋酸(45:55,v/v);流速:1.0 mL·min^(-1);检测波长:220 nm。结果:酸浆苦味素 A、酸浆苦味素 D 及木犀草素浓度分别在0.15～1.20 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9995),0.10～0.81 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9996),0.12～0.96 mg·mL^(-1)(r=0.9997)范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,酸浆苦味素 A 平均回收率分别为95.9%,97.1%,103%;RSD 分别为2.0%,0.7%,1.4%。酸浆苦味素 D 的平均回收率分别为97.3%,101%,97.1%;RSD 分别为1.0%,1.9%,1.3%。木犀草素的平均回收率分别为97.8%,97.8%,97.7%;RSD 分别为0.4%,2.9%,0.5%。结论:采用 RP-HPLC 同时测定酸浆药材中酸浆苦味素 A、酸浆苦味素 D 及木犀草素3种成分的含量,该法简单、可靠,可作为控制酸浆药材质量的参考标准。

HPLC法测定菇茑果实中叶黄素的含量

建立用于测定菇茑果实中叶黄素含量的检测方法。方法以正己烷为溶剂,采用浸泡法提取样品中的叶黄素,NaOH-CH_3OH溶液皂化后利用HPLC测定其含量。色谱柱为Kromassil C_(18)柱(5μm,250 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为甲醇,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为445nm。结果叶黄素在2.3~36.8μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系。结论该方法准确度高、重现性好,可适于菇茑果实中叶黄素含量的定量分析。

HPLC法同时测定锦黄咽炎片中7种黄酮的含量

目的建立同时测定锦黄咽炎片中7种黄酮类成分含量的HPLC法。方法采用Phenomenex Synergi C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,4μm),甲醇(A)-体积分数0.2%磷酸溶液(B),梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,检测波长为349 nm。结果木犀草苷、野黄芩苷、黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、木犀草素、黄芩素和汉黄芩素在10倍浓度范围内线性相关系数>0.999 0,方法精密度RSD≤2.6%(n=6),回收率在97.9%～103.8%内。结论该方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于锦黄咽炎片的质量控制。

UPLC-MS/MS法测定苦蘵宿萼中physalin H和physalin D的含量

建立了同时测定苦蘵中2种酸浆苦味素类化合物含量的方法.应用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)与Qtrap质谱(MS)联用同时测定苦蘵中酸浆苦味素H(physalin H)和酸浆苦味素D(physalin D)2个成分的含量.采用Waters Acquity BEH C18(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以水(0.1%甲酸)-乙腈(0.1%甲酸)为流动相,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),使用ESI+离子源,多反应监测(MRM)模式扫描,对physalin H和physalin D进行定量.结果表明physalin H和physalin D在5~10000 ng·mL^(-1)范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)分别为0.9997和0.9995;平均加样回收率(n=5)分别为71.1%和71.0%,RSD值分别为1.36%和1.47%.该方法准确可靠,可用于苦蘵药材中physalin H和physalin D的含量测定,为有效控制苦蘵药材的质量奠定了基础.

Extraction and Crystal Structure of Physalin B

The title compound of physalin B（C28H32O9）, a main active physalin of Physalis angulata L, was isolated from the whole plant of Physalis angulata L, and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21 with C28H32O9, a = 12.4996（2）, b = 14.35620（10）, c = 14.75190（10）, V = 2607.97（5） 3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.382 mg/cm3, Mr = 542.56, F（000） = 1152, and μ = 0.870 mm-1. The final R = 0.0389 and wR = 0.1037 for 47670 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. The rigid molecule consists of eight fused rings involving two lactones. There are two C28H32O9 molecules in an symmetric unit, and the title compound is stacked into a 3D layer structure through hydrogen bonds. In the 5~20 μmol/L range, physalin B can significantly inhibit the secretion of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 on RAW264.7 cells. The results suggest that physalin B has anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.

模糊数学结合响应面法优化酸浆多糖酸奶工艺

以酸浆多糖、纯牛奶为主要原料,加入发酵菌粉进行发酵,研制一款具有独特酸浆香气且营养丰富的酸奶。以感官评分为指标,在单因素试验基础上采用模糊数学评价法与响应面法相结合的方法,优选出酸奶生产工艺。结果表明,当酸浆多糖添加量为2.2%,木糖醇添加量为4.9%,菌粉添加量为0.15%,发酵时间为8 h时,参照此条件制作的酸浆多糖酸奶组织均匀,润滑细腻且香气浓郁,感官评分为87.17分,与预测值相近。

毛酸浆茎叶多糖的结构表征及体外活性

采用水提法从毛酸浆茎叶部分提取得到粗多糖,利用柱色谱分离纯化获得一个新的多糖(PPL-S1),对其化学结构、理化性质进行初步探究,并测定该多糖的体外抗氧化活性以及神经细胞保护活性。结果表明:多糖PPL-S1分子量为1 949.8 Da,单糖组成为鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、半乳糖,其物质的量比为0.15∶0.21∶0.14∶0.50,具有多糖的特征吸收峰。体外自由基清除实验表明,PPL-S1对DPPH、ABTS自由基具有一定的清除效果,IC_(50)值分别为1.60 mg·mL^(-1)和1.43 mg·mL^(-1)。并且PPL-S1能显著改善H_(2)O_(2)诱导的氧化应激,提高神经细胞SH-SY5Y细胞存活率,对H_(2)O_(2)诱导的神经细胞损伤具有一定的保护活性。

灯笼果叶片、宿萼和果实化学成分分析及抗氧化活性评价

为全面评估分析酸浆属(Physalis)国内栽培最广的灯笼果(Physalis peruviana L.)化学成分及抗氧化活性,该研究采用紫外分光光度法测定了灯笼果叶片、宿萼和果实提取物总酚、总黄酮含量,应用超高效液相色谱质谱联用技术鉴定其化合物,并检测主要化合物含量,分别应用DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基、羟自由基清除和铁离子还原法测试提取物体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,灯笼果叶片提取物总酚(8.15 mg GAE/g DW)和总黄酮(30.43 mg RT/g DW)含量最高,宿萼提取物次之,果实提取物总含量最低。从3个部位中共鉴定4种黄酮、3种脂肪酸、1种醉茄内酯、1种二苯并呋喃类和1种羟基肉桂酸类化合物。叶片和宿萼提取物化合物种类丰富,其中叶片提取物紫云英苷(492.03μg/g DW)含量最高,宿萼提取物金丝桃苷(162.10μg/g DW)含量最高,果实提取物仅检测到阿魏酸-4′-O-葡萄糖苷化合物(137.37μg/g DW)。叶片提取物有良好的清除羟自由基能力(SC_(50)=0.61 mg/mL),宿萼提取物清除DPPH自由基(SC_(50)=0.19 mg/mL)、ABTS阳离子自由基能力(0.13 mmol TE/g)和铁离子还原能力(0.16 mmol Fe^(2+)/g)最优。研究结果丰富了灯笼果次级代谢产物数据,为充分利用灯笼果资源、开发天然抗氧化产品提供了科学依据。

锦灯笼活性成分、药理作用及开发应用现状

锦灯笼是我国东北地区特产水果,色泽鲜艳、风味独特;富含甾体、黄酮和酸浆苦素类化合物等生物活性成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎等多重药理作用,具有较高的食用、药用和经济价值。本文基于近年来国内外锦灯笼相关研究,综述锦灯笼活性成分、药理作用与开发应用现状,并对其未来发展趋势及应用进行展望。为探明锦灯笼独特优势,挖掘其在健康、医药等领域的应用,推动相关产业发展提供理论参考。

黄菇娘红茶复合饮料的制作工艺研究

以新鲜黄菇娘、红茶为原材料,通过单因素试验与正交试验进行配方优化,对黄菇娘汁添加量、红茶浸提液添加量、白砂糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量等因素进行优化研究,以感官评价为指标,确定黄菇娘红茶复合饮料的最佳配比。结果表明,当红茶浸提液添加量为35%,黄姑娘汁添加量为15%,白砂糖添加量为10%,柠檬酸添加量为0.08%时,制得的黄菇娘红茶复合饮料呈淡黄色,组织细腻均匀,口感微酸,并且具有黄菇娘的独特水果清香和红茶特有的香气。

酸浆和甜菇娘的营养成分分析

[目的]研究酸浆和甜菇娘的营养成分。[方法]采用索氏提取法测定水分、灰分和粗脂肪,并用凯氏定氮法测定蛋白含量;无机元素的分析按GB/T12393-90测试方法进行;用GB 12388-90法检测脂溶性维生素,GB 12392-90法检测水溶性维生素。[结果]酸浆和甜菇娘果实与宿萼中含有丰富的无机元素,以钾、磷、钠、镁和钙的含量较高,而有害元素铅和砷等未检出;氨基酸含量丰富,种类达18种以上,其中天门冬氨酸的含量最高;此外,还含有丰富的维生素。[结论]宿萼中的无机元素、氨基酸等营养素含量高于果实,这为宿萼的合理利用提供了理论依据。

毛酸浆果采后生理的研究

本文研究了不同贮藏方式与温度对毛酸浆果采后生理和品质变化的影响,确定了毛酸浆果为呼吸非跃变型果实,其最佳的采后贮藏方式为脱果萼4℃贮藏。

锦灯笼宿萼皂苷降血糖作用研究

以干燥的锦灯笼宿萼为实验材料,经乙醇回流提取,并通过萃取和大孔树脂进一步分离纯化得到锦灯笼宿萼皂苷(TSP).以不同剂量(75,150,300mg/(kg·d))TSP连续7d灌胃四氧嘧啶诱发的糖尿病昆明小鼠,并以消渴丸为阳性对照,探讨了TSP对四氧嘧啶诱发的糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用.结果表明:TSP不仅能明显降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖浓度,而且TSP还能缓解糖尿病小鼠的一些症状,如恢复小鼠体重、减少饮水量等,其效果与阳性对照消渴丸相当.本研究为将TSP开发为新的降血糖药物奠定基础.