The Future Therapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma? Non-Invasive Physical Plasma as an Innovative Oncological Therapy Modality

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most important urological tumors and is one of the most common cancer diseases worldwide. Unfortunately, the treatment options are very limited due to resistances. Non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) is currently becoming a promising and very well tolerated treatment option for cancer. NIPP represents a highly energized gas and induces varying antioncogenic cell responses in tumor cells. And also in the case of RCC, NIPP treatment has great potential to enhance and supplement existing anticancer treatment options. Outstanding characteristics of NIPP treatment are 1) a precise and local effect on the treated tissue and 2) an almost exclusive effect on treated tumor cells without side effects. This allows an enormously large therapeutic window and makes the combination of NIPP treatment and classical therapy appear particularly promising. In addition to RCC, plasma oncology offers an extremely innovative physical treatment method for future oncology in general. This brief review article summarizes the current knowledge on the potential use of NIPP in RCC therapy.

Relativistic Corrections to the Maxwellian Distribution for Astrophysical and Fusion Plasmas

We present calculations and improvement inspired by the work of Lorenzo Zaninetti, published in 2020, it concerns a problem whose origin dates back 1911 with so called Maxwell-Jüttner distribution these lies on the Lorentz factor , with . This work uses powerful modern software for a reconstruction of Zaninetti work, which computes with special functions, these are included in the Mathematica software, as by instance Bessel and Meijer G-functions ready to manipulate. A progress is made, it is possible to perform an integral that is not computed in Zaninetti paper. This author connects the correct relativistic probability law: the Maxwell-Jüttner to the synchrotron emissivity with a magnetic B field, this work generalize these results, using the linear Stark effect and deals with an electric field E.

New Soliton Wave Solutions to a Nonlinear Equation Arising in Plasma Physics

The extraction of traveling wave solutions for nonlinear evolution equations is a challenge in various mathematics,physics,and engineering disciplines.This article intends to analyze several traveling wave solutions for themodified regularized long-wave(MRLW)equation using several approaches,namely,the generalized algebraic method,the Jacobian elliptic functions technique,and the improved Q-expansion strategy.We successfully obtain analytical solutions consisting of rational,trigonometric,and hyperbolic structures.The adaptive moving mesh technique is applied to approximate the numerical solution of the proposed equation.The adaptive moving mesh method evenly distributes the points on the high error areas.This method perfectly and strongly reduces the error.We compare the constructed exact and numerical results to ensure the reliability and validity of the methods used.To better understand the considered equation’s physical meaning,we present some 2D and 3D figures.The exact and numerical approaches are efficient,powerful,and versatile for establishing novel bright,dark,bell-kink-type,and periodic traveling wave solutions for nonlinear PDEs.

Accurate Solutions of the Plasma Motion Equation May be Composed with the Accurate Solutions of the Burgers Equation

The travelling solutions of the Burgers equation may be used as the seed solutions. According to the fraction-type deforming relation between the Burgers equation and the plasma motion equation, some travelling solutions of the plasma motion equation are achieved with this seed solutions as discussed in this paper.

Quantum Effects on Rayleigh-Taylor Instability of Incompressible Plasma in a Vertical Magnetic Field

Quantum effects on Rayleigh-Taylor instability of a stratified incompressible plasmas layer under the influence of vertical magnetic field are investigated. The solutions of the linearized equations of motion together with the boundary conditions lead to deriving the relation between square normalized growth rate and square normalized wave number in two algebraic equations and are numerically analyzed. In the case of the real solution of these two equations, they can be combined to generate a single equation. The results show that the presence of vertical magnetic field beside the quantum effect will bring about more stability on the growth rate of unstable configuration.

Surface Wave Analysis of Planar-Type Overdense Plasma with Surface Plasmon Polariton Resonance

Surface waves （SWs） in planar-type overdense plasmas are analyzed and the invariable SW mode caused by the resonant excitation of surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） is presented. It is found that the electric field peaks at the location where the plasma density equals the cut-off density while the plasma density gradient and the collision rate have different influences on the field amplitude and the peak＇s width. Moreover, the mode conversion between SW of SPPs and electron plasma waves play a significant role in production of overdense plasma.

Non-thermal plasma modified growth and differentiation process of Capsicum annuum PP805 Godiva in in vitro conditions

With the aim of evaluating the possible impacts of cold plasma on the structure and growth pattern of Capsicum annuum, the current study was carried out. The seeds were exposed to an argon-derived plasma（0.84 W cm^（-2） surface power densities） for 0, 1 or 2 minutes. Plasmatreated seeds were grown in the Murashige and Skoog（MS） medium or MS medium supplemented with BA and IAA. The presence of purple stems was recorded in plasma-treated plants grown in the medium supplemented with hormones. The recorded morphological differences were dependent on the exposure time of plasma treatments and/or the presence of hormones in the culture media. Plasma treatment of 1 minute had an improving effect on the shoot and root lengths as well as total leaf area, whereas plasma treatment of 2 minutes had an adverse effect. In contrast to the 1 minute treatment, plasma treatment of 2 minutes significantly impaired growth and hence reduced the total biomass. Alterations in stem diameter and differences in tissue patterns（especially in the vascular system） occurred, and were mainly dependent on the plasma exposure time and/or the presence of hormones. This is a first report on the effects of cold plasma on plant growth in in vitro conditions.

Coulomb Explosion and Energy Loss of Energetic C20 Clusters in Dense Plasmas

The molecular dynamics （MD） method is used to simulate the interactions of energetic C20 clusters with the dense plasma targets within the framework of the linear Vlasov-Poisson theory. The influences of various clusters （H2, N2, C20 and C60 respectively） on stopping power are discussed. The simulation results show that the vicinage effects in the Coulomb explosion dynamics and the stopping power are strongly affected by the variations in the cluster speed and the plasma parameters. Coulomb explosions are found to proceed faster for higher speeds, lower plasma densities and higher electron temperatures. In addition, the cluster stopping power is strongly enhanced in the early stages of Coulomb explosions due to the vicinage effect, but this enhancement eventually diminishes, after the cluster constituent ions are sufficiently separated. For the large and heavy clusters, the stopping power ratio reaches much higher values in the early stage of Coulomb explosion owing to the constructive interferences in the vicinage effect.

Measurement of Plasma Density Produced in Dielectric Barrier Discharge for Active Aerodynamic Control with Interferometer

We utilize an interferometer to investigate the changes of the refractive index caused by dielectric barrier discharge plasma. The electronic density of the plasma produced is measured and analyzed tentatively. The results show that density of the plasma increases linearly with exciting voltages.

PDRK:A General Kinetic Dispersion Relation Solver for Magnetized Plasma

A general,fast,and effective approach is developed for numerical calculation of kinetic plasma linear dispersion relations.The plasma dispersion function is approximated by J-pole expansion.Subsequently,the dispersion relation is transformed to a standard matrix eigenvalue problem of an equivalent linear system.Numerical solutions for the least damped or fastest growing modes using an 8-pole expansion are generally accurate;more strongly damped modes are less accurate,but are less likely to be of physical interest.In contrast to conventional approaches,such as Newton＇s iterative method,this approach can give either all the solutions in the system or a few solutions around the initial guess.It is also free from convergence problems.The approach is demonstrated for electrostatic dispersion equations with one-dimensional and twodimensional wavevectors,and for electromagnetic kinetic magnetized plasma dispersion relation for bi-Maxwellian distribution with relative parallel velocity flows between species.

Experimental Study on Plasma Temperature of Semiconductor Bridge

The plasma temperature of the semiconductor bridge (SCB) was measured in real-time according to relative intensity ratio of dual lines of atomic emission spectrum.The plasma temperature under different discharge pulses and the influence of discharge pulse energy on it were studied.The results show that the plasma peak temperature rises gradually with the increase of initial discharging voltage and charging capacitance.For the capacitance of 22 μF,if the initial discharging voltage increases from 21 V to 63 V,the plasma peak temperature rises from 2 000 K to 6 200 K.For the discharging voltage of 39 V,the peak temperature rises from 2 200 K to 3 800 K when the capacitance increases from 6.8 μF to 100 μF.The change of pulse discharge has a very small effect on the plasma temperature at the late time discharge (LTD).In view of the change of plasma temperature with the pulse energy,the discharging voltage has a greater effect on the plasma temperature than the capacitance.The results provide some experimental basis for the further research on SCB ignition and detonation mechanisms.

Research on 2D Model of Capillary Discharge Plasma

The physical process of capillary discharge in a PE tube utilized in electro-thermal-chemical(ETC)guns was investigated.ETC guns can enhance the ignition and combustion of propellant in order to reduce the ignition delay and increase muzzle velocity of the projectile.A key component in ETC gun is the capillary plasma source.In this paper,a 2D steady state model of discharge was built by using magnetic hydrodynamics method.It took the plasma energy balance,material ablation,mass and momentum conservations in a quasi-neutral plasma region into account.Also,the effect of different compositions and PE concentration distribution were considered.In order to evaluate the validation of this model,the simulation results are compared with former works.

Transformation Plasma Physics

Plasma technology has widespread applications in many fields, whereas the methods for manipulating plasma transport are limited to magnetic control. In this study, we used a simplified diffusion-migration approach to describe plasma transport. The feasibility of the transformation theory for plasma transport was demonstrated.As potential applications, we designed three model devices capable of cloaking, concentrating, and rotating plasmas without disturbing the density profile of plasmas in the background. This research may help advance plasma technology in practical fields, such as medicine and chemistry.

Cavity-Defect Plasma Bragg Gratings

Plasma Bragg grating （PBG） is composed of periodic variations of plasma and dielectric or vacuum. The defect mode characteristic of the PBG with a cavity-defect is studied by one-dimensional particle-in-cell （1D PIC） simulation. It is shown that the laser pulse with the defect frequency can be localized around the defect partly and at the same time leak out of both sides of the grating slowly because of the few number of the grating period. This results in local high laser field intensity and high plasma density produced at the defect area, from which the third harmonic is enhanced by one order of magnitude. With the enhancement of the light coupled to the defect and the decrease of the light leaking out of the defect, the conversion efficiency of the third harmonic from the incident laser can be increased.

Growth and Characteristics of Freestanding Hemispherical Diamond Films by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition

Freestanding hemispherical diamond films have been fabricated by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using graphite and molybdenum （Mo） as substrates. Characterized by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the crystalline quality of the films deposited on Mo is higher than that on graphite, which is attributed to the difference in intrinsic properties of the two substrates. By decreasing the methane concentration, the diamond films grown on the Mo substrate vary from black to white, and the optical transparency is enhanced. After polishing the growth side, the diamond films show an infrared transmittance of 35-60% in the range 400-4000 cm^- 1.

CuInSe2 Films Prepared by a Plasma-Assisted Selenization Process in Different Working Pressures

The effects of working pressure on the composition, structure and surface morphology properties of CuInSe2 （CIS） films selenized with a plasma-assisted selenization process is investigated. Higher selenium content, better crystalline quality and much more regular surface particles compared to the others are found in the CIS film with 40 Pa working pressure. A Cu（In,Ga）Se2 device fabricated with the optimized plasma-assisted selenization process is demonstrated to be better than our previous result. After discussion, the reason for these phenomena is attributed to the compromise of electron temperature and plasma density.

Brief Introduction to the Foundation of CAI Shidong Award for Plasma Physics

The late Academician Professor CAI Shidong was an outstanding plasma physicist who had made seminal contributions in both fundamental plasma theories and controlled thermonuclear fusion energy research. Professor CAI was also one of the pioneers in China＇s plasma physics research. In 1973, Professor CAI decided to leave U.S.

Structures and Dynamics of Two-Dimensional Dust Lattices with and without Coulomb Molecules in Plasmas

Structures and dynamics of two-dimensional dust lattices with and without Coulomb molecules in plasmas are investigated. The experimental results show that the lattices have the crystal-like hexagonal structures, i.e. most particles have six nearest-neighboring particles. However, the lattice points can be occupied by the individual particles or by a pair of particles called Coulomb molecules. The pair correlation function is used to compare the structures between the lattices with or without the Coulomb molecules. In the experiments, the Coulomb molecules can also decompose and recombine with another individual particle to form a new molecule.

Lattice Waves in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Quantum Plasma Crystals

Lattice waves including a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave in two-dimensional hexagonal quantum plasma crystals are investigated by using the modified Debye-Hückel screening potential. It is shown that there exists an unstable region of lattice parameters, where the system will melt. The general dispersion relations are derived, and the waves propagating parallel to a primitive translation vector are discussed. We find that both the longitudinal and transverse waves are acoustic-like, and the longitudinal wave has a greater sound speed than that of the transverse wave in the long wavelength limit region.

Generation of Broadband High Harmonics through Linear Mode Conversion in Inhomogeneous Plasmas

The generation of high order harmonics from an inhomogeneous ovderdense plasma target irradiated by an ultrashort intense laser pulse is studied by numerical simulation. During such interaction, ultrafast electron bunches are generated and excite electron plasma oscillations as they pass through the overdense target. These plasma oscillations will emit high-frequency electromagnetic emission by linear mode conversion. Instead of the integer harmonies generation, the emission appears with a broadband and even continuous spectrum corresponding to the electron plasma frequency range of the inhomogeneous plasma density.