Real waves are multidirectional waves. In the present study, the calculation method for the wave maker driving signals for generating multidirectional wave groups in physical wave basin is proposed. Its validity is fi...Real waves are multidirectional waves. In the present study, the calculation method for the wave maker driving signals for generating multidirectional wave groups in physical wave basin is proposed. Its validity is first confirmed by a numerical model for which the incident boundary condition is determined by use of the proposed method. Then, the physical simulation of multidirectional wave groups is performed in laboratory wave basin. The experimental results show that multidirectional waves with expected wave groupiness, which includes not only its group height but also its group length, can be satisfactorily zenerated at the soecified oosition in the tphvsical wave basin.展开更多
Based on field wave data, an empirical formula of wave envelope spectrum is given in this paper. Then the methods of both numerical and physical simulation of sea wave groups with the given spectrum and groupiness par...Based on field wave data, an empirical formula of wave envelope spectrum is given in this paper. Then the methods of both numerical and physical simulation of sea wave groups with the given spectrum and groupiness parameters are suggested.展开更多
Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies i...Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.展开更多
The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously in...The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.展开更多
Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physica...Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.展开更多
To conduct this study, the literatures, questionnaires, interviews and other methods were used, the analysis of the present situation and health status of the students’ physical education in universities “special gr...To conduct this study, the literatures, questionnaires, interviews and other methods were used, the analysis of the present situation and health status of the students’ physical education in universities “special group”, and the nature of the course and teaching modes of thinking were also done in order to provide references to improve sports education in colleges and universities.展开更多
Reports on physical functions during maintenance period of the elderly with cardiac and other serious diseases are limited. This study aims to clarify age and gender-related differences in their physical functions. Pa...Reports on physical functions during maintenance period of the elderly with cardiac and other serious diseases are limited. This study aims to clarify age and gender-related differences in their physical functions. Participants included 167 elderly individuals (males, 78;mean age, 76.5 years;SD = 6.0 years;females, 89;mean age, 75.5 years;SD = 4.5 years) who participated in a 1-year regular exercise therapy twice a week. The following eight physical function tests were selected: grip strength, 10-m obstacle walking time, one-legged balance with eyes open, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, 6-min walk, stepping by sitting position, and a timed up & go (TUG). Two-way analysis of variance was used to examine mean differences by gender and age: young elderly group (aged 65 - 74 years) and old elderly group (aged ≥ 75 years). In the grip strength, sit-ups, 6-min walk, 10-m obstacle walking time, stepping by sitting position, and sitting trunk flexion tests, males were superior in the former four tests, and females were superior in the latter two tests. The young elderly group was superior in all tests except for sit-ups compared with the old elderly group. The balance during one-legged with eyes open test was superior in males compared with females in the young elderly group, but decreased in males in the old elderly group. In conclusion, physical functions of the elderly during maintenance period are different between genders. Muscle strength, muscle endurance, whole-body endurance, and walking ability are superior in males, whereas flexibility and agility are superior in females. The old elderly group was inferior in all the elements of physical function except muscle endurance.展开更多
With the construction of the Heavy Ion Mecial Machine (HIMM) in Wuwei, more and more work related to the research and development of heavy ion cancer therapy have been done in the group of Medical Physics this year. O...With the construction of the Heavy Ion Mecial Machine (HIMM) in Wuwei, more and more work related to the research and development of heavy ion cancer therapy have been done in the group of Medical Physics this year. On the one hand, we focused our work on setting up a heavy ion radiotherapy treatment planning system for the HIMM project, aiming at building a bridge between the HIMM facility and clinical application; on the other hand, we continued to explore the mechanisms underlying heavy ion radiation-induced biological effects in order to provide theoretical basis for heavy ion cancer therapy, trying either to improve the efficacy of heavy ion therapy or to reduce the radiation-induced damage to normal tissues as much as possible.展开更多
In 2014, researchers in the high energy nuclear physics group at IMP have carried out their research work onhadron physics. Several interesting results were obtained and published.The meson and baryon excited states h...In 2014, researchers in the high energy nuclear physics group at IMP have carried out their research work onhadron physics. Several interesting results were obtained and published.The meson and baryon excited states have been studied in a large number of formation and production experiments.The study of meson resonances and the search for glueballs, hybrids, and multiquark states have remainedan active and interesting field of hadron physics, while for baryons, the investigation of the baryon spectrum andthe baryon couplings from experimental data are also the most important issues in hadronic physics and theyare attracting much attention. Studying hadron resonances is crucial to understand deeply the QCD theory atnonperturbative energy region, and it is also important for nuclear physics and particle physics.展开更多
目的:探讨中老年人体力活动轨迹与其工具性日常生活自理能力(instrumental activities of daily living,IADL)的关系。方法:基于2011—2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(the China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)的全...目的:探讨中老年人体力活动轨迹与其工具性日常生活自理能力(instrumental activities of daily living,IADL)的关系。方法:基于2011—2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(the China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)的全国代表性大规模追踪数据,采用组基轨迹模型识别调查对象随访期间体力活动随时间变化的潜在分组和轨迹特征;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不同体力活动轨迹类型与IADL失能的关联性。结果:调查对象体力活动轨迹被分为持续低体力活动组(2703人,占66.89%)、体力活动降低组(641人,占15.86%)、体力活动增加组(375人,占9.28%)及持续高体力活动组(322人,占7.97%),4组间IADL失能发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=19.46,p<0.001)。多因素logistic回归模型显示,与持续低体力活动组比较,体力活动增加组和持续高体力活动组发生IADL失能的风险降低,对应的比值比(95%可信区间)分别为0.73(0.55,0.97)和0.59(0.42,0.83)。按性别、年龄、居住地和慢性病进行亚组分析结果显示,男女持续高体力活动组发生IADL失能的风险明显降低,而这种显著的关联性仅出现在60岁及以上老年人、居住在农村者和无慢性病者中。结论:不同类型体力活动轨迹与日常生活自理能力相关,持续高体力活动与体力活动增加轨迹会降低工具性日常生活自理能力失能的风险。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51079023 and 50921001)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-05-0282)
文摘Real waves are multidirectional waves. In the present study, the calculation method for the wave maker driving signals for generating multidirectional wave groups in physical wave basin is proposed. Its validity is first confirmed by a numerical model for which the incident boundary condition is determined by use of the proposed method. Then, the physical simulation of multidirectional wave groups is performed in laboratory wave basin. The experimental results show that multidirectional waves with expected wave groupiness, which includes not only its group height but also its group length, can be satisfactorily zenerated at the soecified oosition in the tphvsical wave basin.
文摘Based on field wave data, an empirical formula of wave envelope spectrum is given in this paper. Then the methods of both numerical and physical simulation of sea wave groups with the given spectrum and groupiness parameters are suggested.
文摘Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.
基金The National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2012AA052602the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 51079023 and 50921001
文摘The physical simulation method of wave groups in a wave flume is proposed and verified by the exper- iments. The experimental results demonstrate that random waves with desired wave groupiness, which simultaneously includes the wave group height and length, can be generated satisfactorily at the specified position in a wave flume using the proposed method. Furthermore, the transformation properties of the wave groupiness along the fiat-bottomed wave flume are investigated based on the physically simulated waves. Associated proposals with the physical simulation of wave groups are given.
文摘Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.
文摘To conduct this study, the literatures, questionnaires, interviews and other methods were used, the analysis of the present situation and health status of the students’ physical education in universities “special group”, and the nature of the course and teaching modes of thinking were also done in order to provide references to improve sports education in colleges and universities.
文摘Reports on physical functions during maintenance period of the elderly with cardiac and other serious diseases are limited. This study aims to clarify age and gender-related differences in their physical functions. Participants included 167 elderly individuals (males, 78;mean age, 76.5 years;SD = 6.0 years;females, 89;mean age, 75.5 years;SD = 4.5 years) who participated in a 1-year regular exercise therapy twice a week. The following eight physical function tests were selected: grip strength, 10-m obstacle walking time, one-legged balance with eyes open, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, 6-min walk, stepping by sitting position, and a timed up & go (TUG). Two-way analysis of variance was used to examine mean differences by gender and age: young elderly group (aged 65 - 74 years) and old elderly group (aged ≥ 75 years). In the grip strength, sit-ups, 6-min walk, 10-m obstacle walking time, stepping by sitting position, and sitting trunk flexion tests, males were superior in the former four tests, and females were superior in the latter two tests. The young elderly group was superior in all tests except for sit-ups compared with the old elderly group. The balance during one-legged with eyes open test was superior in males compared with females in the young elderly group, but decreased in males in the old elderly group. In conclusion, physical functions of the elderly during maintenance period are different between genders. Muscle strength, muscle endurance, whole-body endurance, and walking ability are superior in males, whereas flexibility and agility are superior in females. The old elderly group was inferior in all the elements of physical function except muscle endurance.
文摘With the construction of the Heavy Ion Mecial Machine (HIMM) in Wuwei, more and more work related to the research and development of heavy ion cancer therapy have been done in the group of Medical Physics this year. On the one hand, we focused our work on setting up a heavy ion radiotherapy treatment planning system for the HIMM project, aiming at building a bridge between the HIMM facility and clinical application; on the other hand, we continued to explore the mechanisms underlying heavy ion radiation-induced biological effects in order to provide theoretical basis for heavy ion cancer therapy, trying either to improve the efficacy of heavy ion therapy or to reduce the radiation-induced damage to normal tissues as much as possible.
文摘In 2014, researchers in the high energy nuclear physics group at IMP have carried out their research work onhadron physics. Several interesting results were obtained and published.The meson and baryon excited states have been studied in a large number of formation and production experiments.The study of meson resonances and the search for glueballs, hybrids, and multiquark states have remainedan active and interesting field of hadron physics, while for baryons, the investigation of the baryon spectrum andthe baryon couplings from experimental data are also the most important issues in hadronic physics and theyare attracting much attention. Studying hadron resonances is crucial to understand deeply the QCD theory atnonperturbative energy region, and it is also important for nuclear physics and particle physics.
文摘目的:探讨中老年人体力活动轨迹与其工具性日常生活自理能力(instrumental activities of daily living,IADL)的关系。方法:基于2011—2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(the China health and retirement longitudinal study,CHARLS)的全国代表性大规模追踪数据,采用组基轨迹模型识别调查对象随访期间体力活动随时间变化的潜在分组和轨迹特征;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析不同体力活动轨迹类型与IADL失能的关联性。结果:调查对象体力活动轨迹被分为持续低体力活动组(2703人,占66.89%)、体力活动降低组(641人,占15.86%)、体力活动增加组(375人,占9.28%)及持续高体力活动组(322人,占7.97%),4组间IADL失能发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=19.46,p<0.001)。多因素logistic回归模型显示,与持续低体力活动组比较,体力活动增加组和持续高体力活动组发生IADL失能的风险降低,对应的比值比(95%可信区间)分别为0.73(0.55,0.97)和0.59(0.42,0.83)。按性别、年龄、居住地和慢性病进行亚组分析结果显示,男女持续高体力活动组发生IADL失能的风险明显降低,而这种显著的关联性仅出现在60岁及以上老年人、居住在农村者和无慢性病者中。结论:不同类型体力活动轨迹与日常生活自理能力相关,持续高体力活动与体力活动增加轨迹会降低工具性日常生活自理能力失能的风险。
