Genetic associations with adverse events from anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in inflammatory bowel disease patients

AIM To study the type and frequency of adverse events associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF)therapy and evaluate for any serologic and genetic associations.METHODS This study was a retrospective review of patients attending the inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) centers at Cedars-Sinai IBD Center from 2005-2016. Adverse events were identified via chart review. IBD serologies were measured by ELISA. DNA samples were genotyped at Cedars-Sinai using Illumina Infinium Immunochipv1 array per manufacturer's protocol. SNPs underwent methodological review and were evaluated using several SNP statistic parameters to ensure optimal allele-calling. Standard and rigorous QC criteria were applied to the genetic data, which was generated using immunochip. Genetic association was assessed by logistic regression after correcting for population structure.RESULTS Altogether we identified 1258 IBD subjects exposed to anti-TNF agents in whom Immunochip data were available. 269/1258 patients(21%) were found to have adverse events to an anti-TNF-α agent that required the therapy to be discontinued. 25% of women compared to 17% of men experienced an adverse event. All adverse events resolved after discontinuing the antiTNF agent. In total: n = 66(5%) infusion reactions; n = 49(4%) allergic/serum sickness reactions; n = 19(1.5%) lupus-like reactions, n = 52(4%) rash, n = 18(1.4%) infections. In Crohn's disease, Ig A ASCA(P = 0.04) and Ig G-ASCA(P = 0.02) levels were also lower in patients with any adverse events, and anti-I2 level in ulcerative colitis was significantly associated with infusion reactions(P = 0.008). The logistic regression/human annotation and network analyses performed on the Immunochip data implicated the following five signaling pathways: JAK-STAT(Janus Kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription), measles, IBD, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and toxoplasmosis for any adverse event. CONCLUSION Our study shows 1 in 5 IBD patients experience an adverse event to anti-TNF therapy with novel serologic, genetic, and pathways associations.

血清双酚A及anti-β2GPI抗体联合检测预测宫内妊娠结局的临床价值

目的:明确血清双酚A(BPA)水平及抗β2糖蛋白I抗体(anti-β2GPI抗体,抗β2-GPI抗体)表达与不良妊娠结局的关系,探索联合诊断预测模型的有效性。方法:回顾性分析80名先兆流产或先兆早产孕妇血清BPA水平及anti-β2GPI抗体表达情况,分析其与不良妊娠结局的相关性,通过ROC曲线分析联合孕妇血清BPA及anti-β2GPI抗体预测妊娠结局的效果及优势。结果:出现不良妊娠结局者33名,正常结局孕妇为47名,分别归类为不良妊娠结局组与对照组;两组孕妇年龄、流产史均无显著差异,不良妊娠结局组孕妇其血清抗β2-GPI抗体阳性者较对照组增多(P=0.000),血清BPA水平(14.16±5.08)ng·ml^(-1)较对照组(9.01±4.28) ng·ml^(-1)增高(P=0.000)。以血清抗β2-GPI抗体阳性、血清BPA浓度>9.33 ng·ml^(-1)为不良妊娠结局的独立预测指标,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.713与0.799;以血清抗β2-GPI抗体阳性且BPA浓度>9.33 ng·ml^(-1)为不良妊娠结局的联合预测指标,ROC曲线下面积为0.842,诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预计值及阴性预计值分别为68.9%、85.7%、76.3%、93.9%、63.8%。结论:血清BPA水平增高或anti-β2GPI抗体阳性与不良妊娠结局具有相关性,联合血清BPA及anti-β2GPI抗体表达对不良妊娠结局进行预测,具有理想的诊断效果,如能应用至临床诊断中,可早期制定有针对性的治疗方案,通过特异性的治疗降低不良妊娠结局的发生率。

青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A菌株生物学特性的研究

对青枯病生防菌ANTI-8098A菌株的形态、生理生化特征和培养特性进行了初步鉴定和分析,初步确定了该菌的生物学特性。结果表明,该菌为芽孢杆菌(0.8μm×2.2μm),周生鞭毛,多为四联体形式,芽孢椭圆形。该菌甲基红反应阳性,接触酶反应阳性,水解利用淀粉,也能利用赖氨酸。其生长的最适温度在30～35℃。当pH为7.5时,发酵液中含菌量为最高(48 h),菌数达58.2×108个·ml-1,最佳pH值为7.5。在研究培养基营养时,比较了7种碳源和4种氮源,结果表明,葡萄糖是最好的碳源,氨基氮优于硝基氮或尿素。

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Adverse Drug Reactions among Previously Treated Tuberculosis Patients in China

We assessed the incidence of adverse drug reactions （ADRs） with anti-TB medications and evaluated the risk factors for developing ADRs in previously treated tuberculosis patients in China. All patients received the first-line anti-TB regimen （2HREZS/6HRE） as recommended by the national guidelines.

孕早期阴道超声s-Flow检查联合血清ACA及anti-β2GPI评估先兆流产患者不良妊娠结局价值

目的:探讨孕早期行阴道双向能量多勒普技术(s-Flow)联合血清抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)及抗β2-糖蛋白Ⅰ(anti-β2GPI)检查预测先兆流产患者不良妊娠结局价值。方法:收集本院妇产科2018年6月-2020年6月收治的320例先兆流产孕妇临床资料,检测超声血流分型、血清ACA、anti-β2GPI水平,根据妊娠结果分为正常组(n=241例)和不良组(n=79例)。采取logistic回归分析影响不良妊娠结局的因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估上述指标的预测价值。结果:两组血流信号分级比较有差异(P<0.05),不良组血清ACA、anti-β2GPI水平高于正常组(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析,阴道s-Flow技术血流信号分级、血清ACA、anti-β2GPI均为不良妊娠结局发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。评估不良妊娠结局的曲下面积阴道s-Flow技术血流信号分级0.578;血清ACA截断值>3.87 mIU/ml时曲下面积0.787,anti-β2GPI截断值>7.29 U/ml时曲下面积为0.745,以阴道s-Flow技术血流信号分级、ACA、anti-β2GPI联合预测不良妊娠结局的曲下面积0.881,敏感度81.0%、特异度79.3%。结论:孕早期行阴道s-Flow技术联合血清ACA及antiβ2GPI抗体检测对评估妊娠结局有较好效能。

Safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease has significantly improved since the introduction of biological agents, such as infliximab, adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, and golimumab. The Food and Drug Administration has classified these factors in category B, which means that they do not demonstrate a fetal risk. However, during pregnancy fetuses are exposed to high anti-tumor necrosis factor(TNF) levels that are measurable in their plasma after birth. Since antibodies can transfer through the placenta at the end of the second and during the third trimesters, it is important to know the safety profile of these drugs, particularly for the fetus, and whether maintaining relapse of the disease compensates for the potential risks of fetal exposure. The limited data available for the anti-TNF drugs to date have not demonstrated any significant adverse outcomes in the pregnant women who continued their therapy from conception to the first trimester of gestation. However, data suggest that antiTNFs should be discontinued during the third trimester, as they may affect the immunological system of the newborn baby. Each decision should be individualized, based on the distinct characteristics of the patient and her disease. Considering all the above, there is a need for more clinical studies regarding the effect of antiTNF therapeutic agents on pregnancy outcomes.

Ischemic colitis after mesotherapy combined with anti-obesity medications

Mesotherapy and anti-obesity medications are gradually gaining worldwide popularity for purposes of body contouring and weight loss.Their adverse effects are various,but there is a tendency to disregard them.Ischemic colitis is one of the most common diseases associated with non-obstructive blood vessel disorders.However,there have been no case reports about the adverse effects resulting from mesotherapy only or in combination with anti-obesity medications.We report on an interesting case of ischemic colitis after mesotherapy combined with anti-obesity medications in a 39-year-old female who had no risk factors.

Effects of multiple intravitreal anti-VEGF injections on retinal nerve fiber layer and intraocular pressure: a comparative clinical study

AIM: To determine the effect of multiple injections of ranibizumab or bevacizumab on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ·METHODS: This retrospective study includes 35 eyes of 35 patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB, 1.25mg/0.05mL) and 30 eyes of 30 patients with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR, 0.5mg/0.05mL) who had Fast RNFL analysis (Stratus TM ); IOP measurements were taken 30 minutes and 24 hours after each injection. RESULTS: The mean ages were 68.0±7.5 and 69.1±7.7 years in the IVR and IVB groups, respectively (P =0.55). They underwent (6.3±1.9) and (5.1±1.3) injections (P = 0.07) over (13.6±2.1) and (14.05±2.6) months (P =0.45) in the IVR and IVB groups, respectively. Changes in overall and temporal RNFL thickness in IVR-treated eyes (105.3± 6.9μm and 74.4±11.2μm) were not different from those in untreated eyes in the IVR group (104.6±8.4μm and 75.1±12.6μm) (P =0.57 and P =0.41, respectively). Similarly, overall and temporal RNFL thickness in IVB-treated eyes (105.8±8.1μm and 74.5±11.8μm) were not different from those in untreated eyes in the IVB group (104.6±8μm and 74.8±12.9μm) (P=0.42 and P=0.80, respectively). The frequencies of IOP rise (P=0.60) and changes in RNFL thickness from baseline (P =0.16) were comparable between groups. CONCLUSION: Repeated intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or bevacizumab does not seem have adverse effects on RNFL thickness or IOP in wet AMD patients.

Interim Outcomes and Adverse Events among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Treated with Bedaquiline in the Philippines

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the interim outcomes for drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) patients treated with bedaquiline regimen under the operational research conditions compared to DR-TB patients treated without bedaquiline in their regimen, and to describe the adverse events that occurred among patients treated with bedaquiline in the Philippines. Design: Patients who were treated with a bedaquiline-containing regimen from June 2016 to May 2017 were included in this study as the intervention group, while patients who were treated without bedaquiline regimen from January 2013 to May 2016 were included as the comparison group. The interim treatment outcomes were compared using Chi-square test. The analysis of time to culture conversion within 6 months of treatment was conducted. A Cox proportional hazard model was constructed to identify the variables associated with a favorable interim treatment outcome. The R program was used for statistical analysis. Results: On the 6th month of treatment, the culture conversion for patients treated with a bedaquiline-containing regimen was significantly higher than with the comparison group [63/75 (84.0%) vs 84/117 (71.8%), p = 0.012)]. Nearly 15% of the patients treated with bedaquiline were lost to follow-up. Frequent adverse events included vomiting, dizziness, nausea, joint pain, and abdominal pain. Conclusion: The patients who were treated with bedaquiline-containing regimen have better interim treatment outcomes than those treated without bedaquiline, but the proportion of patients who were lost to follow-up remains substantial.

伏立康唑致氯气中毒患者肝损伤1例

目的分析伏立康唑引起药物性肝损伤的原因、机制及影响因素,为临床药物性肝损伤的诊断与治疗提供参考。方法临床药师充分应用药学专业知识,参与1例氯气中毒后继发真菌感染患者的治疗过程。结果临床药师结合用药史及药物作用特点,协助医师查找和判断急性肝损伤的原因、发病机制及治疗方案,最终患者预后良好。结论临床药师参与诊疗,对患者进行用药监护,可降低不良反应的危害,提高临床用药的安全性。

新型药物艾司氯胺酮的特性与效能

氯胺酮最早于20世纪90年代在欧洲国家上市,最初被用作麻醉剂和战争创伤中的麻醉药,后由于其滥用导致精神运动、心血管系统等不良反应的限制,逐渐淡出临床工作中。艾司氯胺酮作为氯胺酮的右旋异构体,与其外消旋混合物相比,保留了药代动力学的特征,静脉注射后1分钟内便可达到峰值浓度,之后艾司氯胺酮及其代谢产物都主要通过肾脏排泄,不同的是艾司氯胺酮拥有更快的清除倾向和更大的总清除率;另外其药效动力学发生了变化,其镇静镇痛效力更强、所需剂量更小,达到相同麻醉效果用量仅为氯胺酮的1/2,且血流动力学变化更加平稳,锥体外系反应及其他不良反应也更加轻微。2019年艾司氯胺酮因其抗抑郁成果取得重大突破获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准上市,自此作为一种新型药物重新进入临床麻醉工作视野中。目前艾司氯胺酮可用作麻醉诱导与维持、术后止痛、神经阻滞佐剂和抗抑郁等多种用途,复合用药时可减少丙泊酚和阿片类药物的使用量,更快创造插管条件,逆转阿片类药物的呼吸抑制,也可抑制瑞芬太尼诱发的痛觉过敏,同时具有镇静镇痛、产生意识消失和遗忘、抗炎抗应激、改善情绪等多重效能。本研究就艾司氯胺酮的药理学特性、临床应用等方面作如下综述,以供临床参考。

抗结核固定剂量复合剂对初治活动性肺结核患者病灶吸收效果的影响

目的探讨抗结核固定剂量复合剂对初治活动性肺结核患者病灶吸收效果的影响。方法便利选取2021年2月—2023年1月福州结核病防治院收治的初治活动性肺结核患者64例为研究对象,按照随机数表法分为两组。对照组(32例)给予常规抗结核药物治疗,观察组(32例)实施抗结核固定剂量复合剂治疗。对比两组治疗总有效率、痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收情况、不良反应。结果观察组总有效率为93.75%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.267,P<0.05)。观察组第2、5、6个月的痰菌阴转率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗第2、6个月,两组患者病灶吸收情况相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组不良反应发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在初治活动性肺结核患者中应用抗结核固定剂量复合剂治疗效果显著,能够增强病灶吸收率,提高痰菌阴转率。

二线抗结核药物对患者心电图QTc间期的影响

目的探讨二线抗结核药物对耐药结核病患者心电图QTc间期的影响。方法回顾性分析河南省胸科医院2012年3月至2021年6月150例耐多药结核病患者的临床资料,将使用含贝达喹啉抗结核方案治疗的81例患者作为观察组,使用不含贝达喹啉抗结核方案治疗的69例患者作为对照组。比较两组患者用药不良反应发生率,分析观察组患者治疗期间QTc间期变化情况,对观察组患者出现QTc间期延长进行单因素和多因素分析。结果观察组81例中37例(45.68%)出现了QTc间期>450 ms(男)、460 ms(女),其中5例(6.17%)QTc间期>500 ms,复测后降至500 ms以下。对照组69例患者中18例(26.09%)出现了QTc间期>450 ms(男)、460 ms(女),其中4例(5.80%)QTc间期>500 ms,停用莫西沙星后缓解,观察组QTc间期延长发生率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组血液系统损伤、神经系统损伤等发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与基线期相比,患者的QTc间期随着贝达喹啉使用时间的增加而延长,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),自第4周后的每个复查时间点的瞬时QTc间期值均高于基线期QTc间期值,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);单因素分析显示,QTc间期延长与使用其他导致QTc间期延长药物有关,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),与年龄、性别、是否合并糖尿病、耐药类型无关,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素分析结果显示,合并使用其他致QTc延长药物是导致耐多药结核患者QTc延长的危险因素,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论含贝达喹啉抗结核方案治疗耐多药结核病的安全性较高,QTc间期延长与使用其他导致QTc间期延长药物有关,使用其他致QTc延长药物是导致耐多药结核患者QTc延长的危险因素。

颊针联合颈椎功能康复训练在神经根型颈椎病患者中的应用研究

目的研究颊针联合颈椎功能康复训练在神经根型颈椎病患者中的应用效果。方法选择2022年5月—2023年12月靖江市中医院收治的70例神经根型颈椎病患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各35例。对照组采用颈椎功能康复训练治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合颊针治疗。比较两组的临床疗效、颈椎生理曲度和疼痛程度、颈椎关节功能恢复情况及不良事件发生情况。结果研究组治疗总有效率为94.29%,高于对照组的68.57%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组Borden氏测量值为(7.36±1.52)mm,高于对照组的(5.28±1.14)mm,疼痛分级指数评分为(2.92±0.75)分,低于对照组的(4.78±1.14)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组的生活及工作能力、症状、手功能、体征评分分别为(2.57±0.38)分、(7.24±1.36)分、(-0.78±0.15)分、(6.28±1.75)分,均高于对照组的(2.11±0.29)分、(6.13±1.25)分、(-1.36±0.24)分、(5.19±1.34)分,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的不良事件发生率为5.71%,低于对照组的22.86%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颊针联合颈椎功能康复治疗神经根型颈椎病能提升疗效,改善临床症状及颈椎功能,减少不良事件的发生。

印度梨形孢—紫花苜蓿共生体幼苗对镉胁迫生理特性的响应

为探明印度梨形孢—紫花苜蓿共生体幼苗在镉(Cd)胁迫下生长、生理指标的变化及其对Cd的积累效应,通过水培实验,研究不同质量浓度镉胁迫下(0、5、10、30、50和100 mg/L)印度梨形孢(Piriformospora indica)对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L)幼苗生理特性以及Cd富集和转移的影响。结果表明:1)Cd对紫花苜蓿生长具有“低促高抑”的效应,并且这种效应不受印度梨形孢的影响。在中高质量浓度Cd胁迫下,接种印度梨形孢帮助紫花苜蓿幼苗提高生物量,减少黄叶数,明显改善其生长状况。2)不同质量浓度Cd胁迫下,接种印度梨形孢紫花苜蓿幼苗抗性生理指标显著提升,如可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量以及抗氧化酶活性,且丙二醛含量显著降低。3)接种印度梨形孢增加紫花苜蓿幼苗的生物富集系数,Cd质量浓度为5 mg/L时,生物富集系数较不接种增加86.36%;接种印度梨形孢还能降低Cd在紫花苜蓿幼苗体内的转移系数,Cd质量浓度为10 mg/L时,转移系数较不接种降低68.7%。研究表明印度梨形孢—紫花苜蓿共生体幼苗表现出很强的Cd耐受能力,在Cd胁迫下生长状况和毒性损伤得到明显改善,同时共生体幼苗对Cd具有更好的吸收能力,并且主要积累在根部,抑制Cd上移。结论可为微生物—植物抗逆性研究及其对重金属Cd水土污染的修复提供理论依据,对进一步加强加速水土保持生态修复具有重要意义。

靶向合成改善病情抗风湿药在类风湿关节炎中的应用评价

近年来,新型抗类风湿关节炎药不断涌现,包括生物类改善病情抗风湿药(bDMARDs)和靶向合成改善病情抗风湿药(tsDMARDs)。其中,tsDMARDs因其良好的临床疗效、口服制剂的便利性及可控的不良反应而在临床广泛应用。本文就tsDMARDs的作用机制、临床研究、不良反应、上市情况等进行综述,以期为临床应用提供参考。

不同剂量利妥昔单抗治疗特发性膜性肾病的有效性和安全性

目的对比两种不同剂量利妥昔单抗方案治疗特发性膜性肾病患者的临床疗效。方法选取2019年12月1日至2021年12月31日经武汉大学人民医院诊断为特发性膜性肾病的患者,共79例。利妥昔单抗两剂方案组(49例):1 g/次,第1、15天各用1次,如随访6个月时仍有肾病范围的蛋白尿,重复该方案1次;利妥昔单抗四剂方案组(30例):375 mg/m^(2),每周1次,共4次;2组均联合小剂量糖皮质激素。对比两组患者在治疗前后不同时间的24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、外周血CD19^(+)细胞计数、抗PLA2R抗体滴度、疾病缓解率、不良反应等方面的差异。结果2组患者治疗前在性别、年龄、体重指数、血压、24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血肌酐、估算肾小球滤过率、抗PLA2R抗体、外周血CD19^(+)细胞计数等方面,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。12个月后,2组24 h尿蛋白定量较治疗前均有显著下降(P<0.01),血清白蛋白水平较治疗前均明显有所升高[两剂方案组:(25.34±4.64)g/L比(37.33±8.33)g/L,四剂方案组:(22.76±4.62)g/L比(35.47±5.90)g/L,P<0.01]。然而,治疗后降低尿蛋白和恢复血清白蛋白方面,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在血肌酐方面,2组患者总体肾功能均能保持稳定,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组抗PLA2R-Ab水平治疗后较治疗前均能有效降低,且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在疾病缓解方面,在12个月时总有效率达到75.95%,而两剂方案组的临床缓解率(85.71%)显然高于四剂方案组(60%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。同时,两剂方案组的复发率(18.37%)不高于四剂方案组(23.33%)。在不良反应方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论较高剂量的利妥昔单抗方案的临床缓解率更高,同时不良反应发生率并没有增加,更适用于IMN的治疗,但药物可能引起严重低钾血症的不良反应仍然需要重视。

613例抗肿瘤药物的不良反应分析

目的 分析抗肿瘤药物的药品不良反应(adverse drug reaction,ADR)的特征与规律,为日间化疗的安全用药提供参考。方法 收集202l年1月1日至2022年12月31日某院613例抗肿瘤药物ADR报告,并对数据进行统计和分析。结果 613例抗肿瘤药物ADR报告中60.03%发生在医院内,男性患者的ADR发生率多于女性,年龄分布以51~70岁为主(51.23%)。静脉滴注是引发ADR的主要给药途径(72.49%),严重ADR占14.68%,经停药或治疗未好转占4.24%。细胞毒类抗肿瘤药物的ADR占81.23%,其中以奥沙利铂最常见(18.65%)。ADR主要累及血液或造血系统(17.68%)。结论 应加强细胞毒类抗肿瘤药ADR的监测,关注特殊人群及重点药物。在日间化疗中心使用抗肿瘤药物时应评估ADR风险并制定相应治疗方案,确保患者用药安全。

复合型抗盐剂对NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发和生长的影响

将KNO_(3)、CaCl_(2)、DA-6、KH_(2) PO_(4)、FeSO_(4)·7H_(2) O、MgSO_(4)·7H_(2) O和蔗糖7种物质组合配制复合型抗盐剂,以‘济麦22’为研究材料,采用水培法,探讨了不同浓度(0.2%、0.4%和0.6%)盐(NaCl)胁迫下,施加不同浓度(10%、20%和30%)抗盐剂对种子萌发及后续幼苗生长的影响,并提出了适合小麦的抗盐剂配方。结果表明:(1)30%、20%、10%抗盐剂分别对0.2%、0.4%、0.6%NaCl胁迫下小麦种子萌发的促进效果最好,发芽率分别提高了6.4%、12.0%、26.5%。(2)0.6%NaCl胁迫下添加抗盐剂,根干质量显著增加了29.7%~35.9%;在抗盐剂作用下,光合速率分别提高了67.5%~90.0%(0.2%NaCl胁迫)、13.3%~51.5%(0.4%NaCl胁迫)和0.4%~25.5%(0.6%NaCl胁迫),且30%抗盐剂显著增强了0.2%NaCl胁迫下小麦的光合作用,增幅达90.0%。添加抗盐剂使小麦的光合色素含量升高,其中叶绿素a在0.2%和0.4%NaCl胁迫下分别升高了22.5%~39.0%和41.7%~43.2%,叶绿素b分别升高了22.1%~31.0%和14.7%~22.5%,类胡萝卜素分别升高了12.2%~28.6%和24.4%~32.3%。此外,其他各项生理指标也有相应改善。(3)主成分分析结果显示,盐胁迫下30%抗盐剂处理后小麦的得分均为最高,为最适浓度配比。

抗盐剂对盐胁迫下南瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

【目的】研发植物抗盐生长促进剂(抗盐剂),提高现有植物的耐盐能力,是盐碱地生态修复的一项新探索。【方法】首次将不同种类的外源物质进行组合,以南瓜‘密本103’为材料,采用双层滤纸法和水培法,探讨不同含量[0.4%、0.6%(均为质量分数)]NaCl胁迫下,添加不同含量[10%、20%、30%(均为体积分数)]抗盐剂对南瓜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,并基于主成分分析法进行抗盐剂应用效果的综合评价。【结果】(1)0.6%NaCl下,种子经10%抗盐剂处理后其发芽率高于20%、30%抗盐剂处理。(2)相同浓度盐胁迫下,种子经抗盐剂处理后其幼苗各部分生物量均有所提高,幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、净光合速率基本上均随着抗盐剂浓度的增大呈先上升后下降的趋势,而抗氧化酶活性、丙二醛浓度、脯氨酸含量与未添加抗盐剂处理相比大多有所降低。(3)0.4%NaCl下,10%抗盐剂处理对南瓜生长促进效果最好;而在0.6%NaCl下,20%抗盐剂处理的效果最佳。【结论】抗盐剂可有效缓解盐胁迫对种子和幼苗的伤害,促进植株生长,在生产应用方面具有较大潜力。