A highly sensitive luminescent metal-organic framework thermometer for physiological temperature sensing

Thermal sensing and imaging in the physiological temperature range are of great importance for studying physiological processes and treating diseases. Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) exhibit great promise for developing luminescent thermometers due to their remarkable structural diversities and tunable luminescence properties. Here, we synthesized a series of luminescent mixed-lanthanide MOFs,EuTbBPT(x = 0.019, 0.058, 0.106; H3 BPT = biphenyl-3,4’,5-tricarboxylate acid) and adopted powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) to characterize the resulting products. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence emission spectra were recorded to investigate their potential applications in physiological temperature readout. It is found that the intensity ratio of Tbto Euis linearly correlated with temperature and the relative sensitivity is higher than 1.5%/℃ over the entire physiological temperature range. Furthermore,the temperaturedependent luminescence color emission allows for visual colorimetric temperature measurements.Luminescence lifetime testing and triplet energy level measurement were further conducted to study the mechanism.

A Eu/Gd-mixed metal-organic framework for ultrasensitive physiological temperature sensing

A series of Eu/Gd-mixed metal-organic frameworks EuxGd（1-xNDC（x = 0.0005, 0.001, 0.003, 0.01;H2 NDC = 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid） utilizing back energy transfer have been developed for physiological temperature sensing. The suitable high triplet level of H2NDC allows an efficient back energy transfer from Eu3＋ions to ligands. The back energy transfer efficiency is further enhanced by the Eu3＋/Gd（3＋）-mixed strategy. As a consequence, the emission of Eu3＋dramatically weakens when temperature arises. The resultant Eu0.0005 Gd0.9995 NDC exhibits exceptional stability and good biocompatibility, and can detect physiological temperature in single-emission, dual-emission, and colorimetric models with ultra-high sensitivity.

Physiological responses of people in working faces of deep underground mines

The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined environmental on human physiology factors, including temperature, humidity, noise, pressure,toxic and harmful gases in terms of environmental characteristics in underground mines and an artificial intelligence system for simulation of the environment in a confined space of deep mines. Our results show that the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, typing test speed and memory level percentage are negatively correlated with temperature value, and positively correlated with humidity value; the human temperature and weight are positively correlated with temperature value, and negatively correlated with humidity value. This research lays the foundation for the study of interaction between the deep confined space environment and safety behavior.

Nonlinear optical metal-organic frameworks for ratiometric temperature sensing in physiological range

The precise and real-time sensing of the temperature within the physiological range is of great significance in biology and medicine.Here,a Zn-based metal-organic framework(MOF)named ZnTCOMA is synthesized with good SHG performance due to its unique structure of the ligand and 3 D frameworks.By encapsulating the two-photon fluorescent dye DMASE into the pores of Zn-TCOMA,the composite Zn-TCOMA■DMASE is obtained and simultaneously exhibits SHG response and two-photon fluo rescence.Utilizing the intensity ratio between two-photon fluorescence of DMASE and SHG signal of Zn-TCOMA,Zn-TCOMA■DMASE exhibits ratiometric temperature sensing property at physiological temperature region of 20~60℃with high sensitivity.This MOF thermometer also shows excellent repeatability,good biocompatibility,and high temperature resolution of 0.018℃,opening a new avenue to develop diverse optical thermometric or thermographic applications in biotechnology or other areas.

Coupling outdoor air quality with thermal comfort in the presence of street trees:a pilot investigation in Shenyang,Northeast China

Together,the heat island eff ect and air pollution pose a threat to human health and well-being in urban settings.Nature-based solutions such as planting trees are a mitigation strategy to improve outdoor temperatures(thermal comfort)and enhance air quality in urban areas.In this study,outdoor thermal comfort,and particulate matter levels were compared between treeless and treed areas to provide a better understanding of how street trees improve thermal comfort and air quality.Street trees decreased the physiological equivalent temperature from 46.3 to 44.2℃in summer but increased it from 36.4 to 37.5℃in autumn.Air temperature and relative humidity contributed more in summer while wind speed contributed more in autumn.Particulate matter concentrations were negatively correlated with physiological equivalent temperature in summer but not in autumn.The presence of trees decreased concentrations of fi ne particulate matter in hot summer conditions but increased in hot autumn conditions.The presence of trees increased coarse particulate matter in very hot summer conditions in summer and in hot autumn conditions.Overall,the layout of trees in urban street canyons should consider the trade-off between outdoor thermal comfort and air quality improvement.

The Effects of Building Form on Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Tropical City

The urban microclimate has direct implications with regards to thermal comfort indoors as well as outdoors. In the tropics, the outdoor thermal comfort conditions during daytime are often far above acceptable comfort standards due to intense solar radiation and high solar elevations. This study aims to know effects of simple and fundamental building forms on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in a high dense tropical city, focusing on Dhaka, Bangladesh as a study city. Investigations are carried out on existing area and model areas with modified building forms （in respect of height and shape） on the microclimate as well as on outdoor thermal comfort during daytime in summer. This study has demonstrated that the model using less ground coverage and higher buildings can offer a better thermal climate than the models using maximum ground coverage in a high-density tropical city.

Research on Thermal Comfort of Outdoor Space in Summer Urban Park: Take Mianyang Urban Park as an Example

One of the factors for the evaluation of the space environment is the comfort of outdoor activities spaces in urban parks. The space composed of different landscape elements has different microclimate environment. In this paper, in order to evaluate the role of thermal comfort in influencing resident’s assessment of the outdoor space and activities of the park, a thermal comfort survey was conducted on the outdoor open space of Mianyang Urban Park in summer. In this article, meteorological surveys, questionnaire surveys and observation of park attendance are selected to collect data. The physiological equivalent temperature (PET) assessment was selected as the index to evaluate resident’s thermal comfort level, and the comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the spatial thermal environment of different outdoor landscape elements in the park. The overall comfort of current visitors is mainly influenced by their subjective heat perception voting (TSV). In this article, we focus on providing microclimate adjustment considerations for urban park landscape design, and may help people understand the outdoor thermal comfort of Mianyang in summer, increase the using time of outdoor activities, and promote the use of outdoor space.

Effects of mask wearing duration and relative humidity on thermal perception in the summer outdoor built environment

During the pandemic,face masks are one of the most significant self-protection necessities,but they also cause heat stress.By using the ERA5(ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation)database and the local weather bureau data,the effect of mask wearing on outdoor thermal sensation has been investigated by a survey conducted in the hot summer and cold winter region of eastern China in the summer of 2020.Results show that wearing a face mask for a longer period result in a higher level of discomfort,and the primary source of discomfort is hot and stuffy feelings.The effect of relative humidity is crucial for mask wearers in warm-biased thermal environments,as mean thermal sensation vote(TSV)peaks when environmental relative humidity reaches the range of 70%to 80%and decreases after this range due to the evaporation within the microclimate created by a face mask.Meanwhile,prolonged mask wearing increases participants’hot feelings,especially in warm environments.Specifically,participants wearing face masks for less than 30 min feel hot at a physiological equivalent temperature(PET)value of 34.4℃,but those who wear them for over 60 min express hot feelings even at a PET value of 24.7℃.The participants who wear a face mask while walking slowly outdoors have similar thermal sensations to those who do not wear a mask,but are in a higher activity level.The findings demonstrate that mask wearing has a crucial impact on outdoor thermal comfort assessment in a warm-biased outdoor thermal environment.