Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was prove...Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM Ⅰ(natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H 1(height in June 23) and H 2(height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ(artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H 1 was significant, the difference of H 2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM Ⅰ, the compensatory points of H 1, H 2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H 1, H 2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain degree.展开更多
Picea mongolica W. D. Xu is an endemic and endangered species which is only found in semi-arid areas of northern China. It has been widely used as an afforestation tree in the establishment of the Three-North Shelterb...Picea mongolica W. D. Xu is an endemic and endangered species which is only found in semi-arid areas of northern China. It has been widely used as an afforestation tree in the establishment of the Three-North Shelterbelt System for its adaptation to arid soils and as a virescent tree in urban gardens and streets for its beautiful shape. Due to different microenvironments, P. mongolica populations may differentiate into many ecological groups with different adaptive abilities. Long-term adaptation to a dry environment makes P. mongolica differentiate into different ecotypes. Typical ecotypes are P. mongolica f. purpurea （Fp）, P. mongolica f. rubra （Fr） and P. mongolica f. viridis （Fv）. Our results show that cone size is clearly not uniform among different ecotypes; the largest cones are found in the Fv ecotype and the smallest in Fp. There were also distinct differences between these ecotypes in terms of height and length of squama. At the molecular level, the zymograms of peroxidase and lipase prove the existence of different ecotypes in P. mongolica. The results are useful for investigating and managing this rare spruce species in China.展开更多
Picea mongolica is an endemic but endangered species in China. The spruce forest is only found in sandy forest-steppe ecotones. In this study, we examined the initial response of the quantity and refilling process of ...Picea mongolica is an endemic but endangered species in China. The spruce forest is only found in sandy forest-steppe ecotones. In this study, we examined the initial response of the quantity and refilling process of free roots in an artificial canopy gap with a diameter of 36 m in a P. mongolica forest. Under the canopy, the fine root length densities of trees, shrubs and herbs were 2,622, 864 and 3,086 m·m^- 2, respectively. The free root biomass of trees, shrubs and herbs were 148, 62 and 65 g·m^- 2, respectively. In the gap, the fine root length density of trees was 151 m·m^- 2. The mean fine root densities of shrubs and herbs in the gap were 756 and 2,568 m·m^- 2. The fine root biomass of trees, shrubs and herbs were 9, 52 and 47 g·m^- 2, respectively. Two growing seasons after the gap creation, hardly any fine tree roots were found in the middle of the gap. The living tree roots in the gap edge zone were mainly located within a 4.5 m distance from the standing trees. Indices developed to show the influence of trees on free root length density clearly revealed the effect of the vicinity of living trees on fine root length density. The root densities of shrubs and herbs did not show a clear response to gap creation despite the increase of their foliage. Our results suggest that in P mongolica forests a gap disturbance creates a distinct tree root gap and that the gap edge trees do not extend their root systems rapidly into the formed root gap.展开更多
Picea mongolica is a conifer with a limited distribution in China and its taxonomic status is controversial.In order to explore genetic diff erences between P.mongolica and other nearby Picea species and to investigat...Picea mongolica is a conifer with a limited distribution in China and its taxonomic status is controversial.In order to explore genetic diff erences between P.mongolica and other nearby Picea species and to investigate its taxonomic status,phylogenetic relationships were analyzed between P.mongolica and Picea koraiensis,Picea meyeri and Picea wilsonii by three chloroplast gene sequences matK,chlB and atpA.The length of joint chloroplast sequence is 2379 bp.The fi fteen haplotypes were identifi ed by haplotype network analysis,among which two were major haplotypes and nine were unique.In addition,the genetic diversity of the sample collection species was inferred.Based on the haplotype network and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic tree analysis,P.mongolica was located on the basal clade of the phylogenetic tree which had more primitive taxa,and the genetic diversity of P.mongolica was highest.The signifi cant diff erences between P.mongolica and these other Picea species were identifi ed by this research.展开更多
沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)是我国稀有珍贵树种,具有耐旱、耐寒、耐沙埋的优良抗性。LBD(lateral organ boundaries domain)是植物侧生器官中重要的转录因子,在植物生长发育和胁迫应答进程中起关键作用,但目前尚未报道有关沙地云杉中LB...沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)是我国稀有珍贵树种,具有耐旱、耐寒、耐沙埋的优良抗性。LBD(lateral organ boundaries domain)是植物侧生器官中重要的转录因子,在植物生长发育和胁迫应答进程中起关键作用,但目前尚未报道有关沙地云杉中LBD基因家族的研究。本研究参考挪威云杉全基因组数据及沙地云杉转录组数据鉴定沙地云杉LBD基因,进行生物信息学分析并利用qRT-PCR检测LBD基因在不同组织(茎尖、主根、侧根、茎和叶)及盐胁迫胁迫条件下的表达水平。结果表明,在沙地云杉转录组中共鉴定出30个LBD基因(PmLBD1-30),蛋白序列长度在119~309 aa之间,分子量为10.5~33.4 kD,等电点介于5.15~9.26之间,Cell-PLoc亚细胞定位显示均位于细胞核中;所有的LBD蛋白结构域、基因结构高度保守,并由相似的基序组成;根据系统发育树可将其分为5个亚家族(Class I a~e),沙地云杉在各类中的成员依次为4,11,5,1,9个;qRT-PCR试验结果显示,PmLBDs在不同组织中均有表达,如PmLBD2/5/18/19在茎中高表达,ClassⅠb中的PmLBD9/20/23基因在侧根中强烈表达;大多数PmLBDs的表达强烈响应盐胁迫,17个PmLBD基因在盐处理后上调表达,而6个PmLBD基因在盐处理后下调表达,且同一亚族基因表达情况呈现相似趋势。展开更多
文摘Picea mongolica W. D. Xu. is an endemic species in China. The spruce forest is only found in semi-arid habitat in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China. Based on the simulative defoliation experiment, it was proved that Picea mongolica seedlings had the compensatory and overcompensatory effects under the certain defoliation rate. The results of variance analysis on growth indexes showed that in PM Ⅰ(natural regeneration seedlings under Picea mongolica forest), the differences of H 1(height in June 23) and H 2(height in September 3) were extremely significant, and the difference of D(diameter at the breast height) were not significant. In PM Ⅱ(artificial regeneration seedlings under Betula platyphylla Suk. forest), the difference of H 1 was significant, the difference of H 2 was not significant, and the difference of D was extremely significant. The regression equations were established and the compensatory and overcompensatory points were obtained. In PM Ⅰ, the compensatory points of H 1, H 2, and D were 0.7628, 0.7436, 0.5725, and the overcompensatory points were 0.6056, 0.5802 and 0.2909 respectively. In PM Ⅱ, the compensatory points of H 1, H 2, and D are 0.5012, 0.3421, 0.2488, and the overcompensatory points are 0.4137, 0.2633 and 0.0747 respectively. These results suggested that the induction of compensatory growth mechanisms in spruce seedlings required a threshold level of defoliation, and the insects in Picea mongolica forest could be controlled in a certain degree.
基金the financial support from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under Grant Nos. 39900019, 30070129 and 30670315the Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan
文摘Picea mongolica W. D. Xu is an endemic and endangered species which is only found in semi-arid areas of northern China. It has been widely used as an afforestation tree in the establishment of the Three-North Shelterbelt System for its adaptation to arid soils and as a virescent tree in urban gardens and streets for its beautiful shape. Due to different microenvironments, P. mongolica populations may differentiate into many ecological groups with different adaptive abilities. Long-term adaptation to a dry environment makes P. mongolica differentiate into different ecotypes. Typical ecotypes are P. mongolica f. purpurea （Fp）, P. mongolica f. rubra （Fr） and P. mongolica f. viridis （Fv）. Our results show that cone size is clearly not uniform among different ecotypes; the largest cones are found in the Fv ecotype and the smallest in Fp. There were also distinct differences between these ecotypes in terms of height and length of squama. At the molecular level, the zymograms of peroxidase and lipase prove the existence of different ecotypes in P. mongolica. The results are useful for investigating and managing this rare spruce species in China.
基金We thank Mr. Liu Guangtian and the staff of Baiyinaobao Nature Reserve. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 39900019 and 30070129）. We thank Prof. Liao Liping for English corrections.
文摘Picea mongolica is an endemic but endangered species in China. The spruce forest is only found in sandy forest-steppe ecotones. In this study, we examined the initial response of the quantity and refilling process of free roots in an artificial canopy gap with a diameter of 36 m in a P. mongolica forest. Under the canopy, the fine root length densities of trees, shrubs and herbs were 2,622, 864 and 3,086 m·m^- 2, respectively. The free root biomass of trees, shrubs and herbs were 148, 62 and 65 g·m^- 2, respectively. In the gap, the fine root length density of trees was 151 m·m^- 2. The mean fine root densities of shrubs and herbs in the gap were 756 and 2,568 m·m^- 2. The fine root biomass of trees, shrubs and herbs were 9, 52 and 47 g·m^- 2, respectively. Two growing seasons after the gap creation, hardly any fine tree roots were found in the middle of the gap. The living tree roots in the gap edge zone were mainly located within a 4.5 m distance from the standing trees. Indices developed to show the influence of trees on free root length density clearly revealed the effect of the vicinity of living trees on fine root length density. The root densities of shrubs and herbs did not show a clear response to gap creation despite the increase of their foliage. Our results suggest that in P mongolica forests a gap disturbance creates a distinct tree root gap and that the gap edge trees do not extend their root systems rapidly into the formed root gap.
基金This work was supported by“the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NO.2015ZCQ-SW-02)”and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870651).
文摘Picea mongolica is a conifer with a limited distribution in China and its taxonomic status is controversial.In order to explore genetic diff erences between P.mongolica and other nearby Picea species and to investigate its taxonomic status,phylogenetic relationships were analyzed between P.mongolica and Picea koraiensis,Picea meyeri and Picea wilsonii by three chloroplast gene sequences matK,chlB and atpA.The length of joint chloroplast sequence is 2379 bp.The fi fteen haplotypes were identifi ed by haplotype network analysis,among which two were major haplotypes and nine were unique.In addition,the genetic diversity of the sample collection species was inferred.Based on the haplotype network and Neighbor Joining phylogenetic tree analysis,P.mongolica was located on the basal clade of the phylogenetic tree which had more primitive taxa,and the genetic diversity of P.mongolica was highest.The signifi cant diff erences between P.mongolica and these other Picea species were identifi ed by this research.
文摘沙地云杉(Picea mongolica)是我国稀有珍贵树种,具有耐旱、耐寒、耐沙埋的优良抗性。LBD(lateral organ boundaries domain)是植物侧生器官中重要的转录因子,在植物生长发育和胁迫应答进程中起关键作用,但目前尚未报道有关沙地云杉中LBD基因家族的研究。本研究参考挪威云杉全基因组数据及沙地云杉转录组数据鉴定沙地云杉LBD基因,进行生物信息学分析并利用qRT-PCR检测LBD基因在不同组织(茎尖、主根、侧根、茎和叶)及盐胁迫胁迫条件下的表达水平。结果表明,在沙地云杉转录组中共鉴定出30个LBD基因(PmLBD1-30),蛋白序列长度在119~309 aa之间,分子量为10.5~33.4 kD,等电点介于5.15~9.26之间,Cell-PLoc亚细胞定位显示均位于细胞核中;所有的LBD蛋白结构域、基因结构高度保守,并由相似的基序组成;根据系统发育树可将其分为5个亚家族(Class I a~e),沙地云杉在各类中的成员依次为4,11,5,1,9个;qRT-PCR试验结果显示,PmLBDs在不同组织中均有表达,如PmLBD2/5/18/19在茎中高表达,ClassⅠb中的PmLBD9/20/23基因在侧根中强烈表达;大多数PmLBDs的表达强烈响应盐胁迫,17个PmLBD基因在盐处理后上调表达,而6个PmLBD基因在盐处理后下调表达,且同一亚族基因表达情况呈现相似趋势。
