Effects of Diet with Picria fel-tarrae Lour Particle on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Indexes, Immune and Antioxidant Function of Hongguang Yellow Chickens

[Objectives]To investigate the effect of diet with Picria fel-tarrae Lour particle(PFLp)on growth performance,blood biochemical indexes,immune and antioxidant function of Hongguang yellow chickens(HYC).[Methods]80 HYC in age of 1 d were divided into 4 groups randomly and each group was assigned to 5 replicates with 24 chicks in each replicate.Group A was control group fed only basal diet.Group B,C and D were treatment groups and fed diets with 0.125%,0.25%and 0.50%of PFLp respectively during the trial of 49 d.Serum samples were taken from 10 chicks in each group in the age of 21,35 and 49 d respectively and analyzed for biochemical,immune and antioxidant parameters in blood.[Results]ADG from group C in 21 d was increased significantly than that from group A,B and D(P<0.01),and ADG in 35 d from group C was also significantly greater than that from group A,B and D(P<0.05),but not much difference was found on ADG among the 4 groups in 49 d(P>0.05);ADFI from group C in 35 d was significantly higher than that from group A,B and D(P<0.05).ADFI from group C in 21 and 49 d were also higher than that from group A(P>0.05).FCR from group C in 21 d was much better than that from the other three groups(P<0.01).Death rate of group C was 50 percent lower than group A;There was no difference occurred in serum biochemical and immune parameters among the 4 groups during the trial(P>0.05).However,the T-AOC from group C and D in 21 d was enhanced significantly than that from group A and B(P<0.01),and the one from group C in 35 d was also increased greatly than that from group A,B and D(P<0.05).GSH from group C and D in 21 d was much higher than that from group A and B(P<0.05),and the ones from group C and D in 35 d were also significantly higher than those from group A and B(P<0.01).T-SOD in three stages trended up also in group C and D(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The diet with 0.25%PFLp in 21 and 35 d could dramatically improve the growth performance,significantly increase the antioxidant capacity and effectively reduce death rate.Diet with 0.25%PFLp is the most appropriate among the three different additions.

苦玄参提取物减轻烧伤脓毒症模型小鼠T细胞功能障碍的机制研究

目的探讨苦玄参提取物(PFE)通过调节酪氨酸激酶-3配体(Flt3L)对烧伤脓毒症模型小鼠T细胞功能的调控作用。方法研究于2022年7月至2023年4月在安康市中医医院动物实验中心进行。按照随机数字表法将72只SPF雄性C57小鼠[体质量为21~25(22±2)g,10周龄]分为6组,烧伤组、模型组和PFE低、中、高剂量组及阳性组。PFE低、中、高剂量组模型制备结束后次日分别灌胃0.5 g/kg、1.0 g/kg、2.0 g/kg PFE,连续给药1周;阳性组:模型制备结束后次日,皮下注射10μg Flt3L,连续注射9 d。给药结束后1、3、5 d分别检测背部皮肤荧光强度;给药后检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)水平、外周血T淋巴细胞增殖活性、脾脏T淋巴亚群变化、皮下、肺、脾脏组织病理学变化及IL-2、IL-4、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、Flt3L蛋白表达水平。统计学方法采用单因素方差分析和SNK-q检验。结果模型组创面细菌荧光强度、IL-6[(59.44±5.41)μg/L比(23.47±3.29)μg/L]、IL-1β[(80.47±6.83)μg/L比(32.74±4.36)μg/L]、TNF-α[(12.33±1.15)μg/L比(4.76±0.97)μg/L]水平、创面组织、肺组织、脾组织病理评分、IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ蛋白表达、CD8^(+)T细胞比例[(65.33±5.68)%比(26.72±6.75)%]均高于烧伤组,T淋巴细胞增殖活性、CD3^(+)T细胞比例[(34.55±3.29)%比(64.49±9.33)%]、CD4^(+)T细胞比例[(16.71±3.49)%比(48.18±7.36)%]、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)[(0.26±0.06)比(1.81±0.35)]均低于烧伤组(均P<0.05)。与模型组相比,PFE低、中、高剂量组、阳性组创面细菌荧光强度较弱;IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平、创面组织、肺组织、脾组织病理评分、IL-2、IL-4、IFN-γ蛋白表达、CD8^(+)T细胞比例均低于模型组,T淋巴细胞增殖活性、CD3^(+)T、CD4^(+)T、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均高于模型组,具有剂量依赖性(均P<0.05)。结论PFE可降低感染创面细菌含量,降低炎症反应以及器官损伤,其机制可能与上调Flt3L、促进T淋巴细胞活性缓解免疫抑制有关。

双波长HPLC法同时测定消炎灵胶囊中四种成分的含量

目的:建立双波长HPLC法同时测定消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B)、甘草苷、甘草酸含量,对市售消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参和甘草质量进行研究与评价。方法:使用HPLC,选择Waters Xselect C_(18)色谱柱,以乙腈为流动相A,0.1%磷酸溶液为流动相B进行梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长237 nm(甘草苷、甘草酸)、264 nm(苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B))。结果:65批消炎灵胶囊4种成分线性关系良好(r=0.9998~1.0000),平均加样回收率为97.6%~98.6%(RSD值均小于1%)。部分企业消炎灵胶囊不同批次间4种成分含量存在较大差异,说明各批次间均一性较差。提示各生产企业加强对药材质量控制。结论:该方法简单快捷,可同时测定4个成分含量,并具有良好精密度、重复性和稳定性,为消炎灵胶囊中苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(A)、苦玄参苷Ⅰ_(B)、甘草苷、甘草酸质量评价提供参考。

Effects of Herba Picriae Extract on Growth Performance and Immune Organ Index of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

[Objectives]The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of dietary supplementation of Herba Picriae extract on the growth performance and immune organ index of Guangxi partridge chickens.[Methods]A total of 500 one-day-old Guangxi partridge chickens were selected and randomly divided into five groups,five replicates for each group and 20 chickens for each replicate.Groups A,B and C were treatment groups,in which 0.70%,0.35%and 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract was added to the basal diet,respectively.Group D was a positive drug control group,in which 0.01%colistin sulfate premix was supplemented.Group E was a blank control group,in which the chickens were fed the basal diet.The experimental period was 105 d.During the experiment,five chickens were randomly selected from each group on days 21,35 and 49,respectively for the measurement of immune organ index.[Results]When the chickens were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract,their daily body weight gain increased significantly from day 22 to day 35 and from day 71 to day 105 and tended to increase from day 1 to day 21,from day 36 to day 49,and from day 50 to day 70,with a range of 7.37%-8.72%.Dietary supplementation of 0.70%and 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract significantly promoted the growth and development of Fabricius bursae in the experimental chickens.[Conclusions]Dietary supplementation of 0.175%of Herba Picriae extract improved the growth performance and feed intake,as well as 21-d-old bursal index of the experimental chickens.

Effects of Dietary Picria felterrae Lour Extracts on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Immune Function of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

[Objective] This trial was to investigate the effect of dietary Picria felterrae Lour extracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi Partridge chickens. [Method] Totally 500 individuals of 1-day-old Guangxi Partridge chickens were randomly divided into five groups, five replicates each group and 20 chicks each replicate. Groups A, B and C were treatment groups supplemented with 0.70%, 0.35% and0.175% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet, respectively; group D was a medical control group supplemented with 0.01% colistin sulfate premix in the basal diet; and group E was a control group with basal diet. Serum samples were collected from 10 chickens in each group at 21, 35 and 49 days of age, to analyze the biochemical and immune indexes. [Result] It had no significant impact on serum TP and GLU contents of chickens by adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet（P 〉0.05）. However, at 21 and 35 days of age, the TBILI content of chickens in groups A, B and C were extremely lower or significantly lower than that in group E（ P〈0.01; P〈0.05）. At 35 days of age, the serum AKP activities in groups A, B and C were extremely higher than that in group E（P〈0.01）, and the serum GOT activities at 21 and 35 days of age in group C were significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）. At 49 days of age, the serum Ig G content in groups A, B and C and the IL-2 content in group B and group C were significantly lower or extremely lower than that in group E（ P〈0.05; P〈0.01）; the T-AOC content in group B was significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）; the GSH content in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that in group E（ P〈0.05）. Adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the diet significantly decreased the TBILI content, reduced the Ig G, IL-2 and IL-6 contents, and improved the AKP and GOT activities and the T-AOC and GSH contents of Guangxi Partridge chicken. [Conclusion] Adding 0.35% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet received the best effort.

苦玄参种子的乙醇提取物的抗炎机制研究

目的对苦玄参种子的乙醇提取物进行体外活性研究。方法在适宜条件下用RAW264.7细胞构建诱导炎症模型脂多糖(LPS),采用MTT法测定细胞活性,采用Griess法和ELISA法分别测定炎症因子TNF-α,IL-6和NO的释放量,采用Westernblot法测定p65、p-IκB、p38、JNK、ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平。结果苦玄参种子乙醇提取物能显著抑制LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞分泌的NO水平,且呈量效关系。抗炎活性表明,苦玄参种子乙醇提取物能显著下调炎症因子IL6、TNF-α的合成,并抑制了RAW264.7细胞中NF-κB信号通路中p-IκB-α和p65的磷酸化表达,以及MAPKs信号通路中p38、JNK、ERK1/2的磷酸化表达。结论苦玄参种子提取物具有一定的抗炎作用。

苦玄参的化学成分研究

目的 :研究苦玄参的化学成分 ,为更好地开发利用苦玄参作基础。方法 :采用色谱技术进行分离 ,以波谱等方法确定化合物的结构。结果 :从苦玄参乙醇提取物的较低极性部位中分离鉴定了 6个化合物 ,即N ben zoylphenylalanyl L phenylalaninolacetate(1) ,1 羟基 7 羟甲基蒽醌 (2 ) ,9,16 二羰基 10 ,12 ,14 三烯 十八碳酸 (3) ,5 ,7,4′ 三羟基黄酮 (4) ,β 谷甾醇 (5 )和胡萝卜苷 (6 )。 结论 :化合物 1～ 6均为首次从苦玄参中分离得到。化合物 1～ 3的13 C NMR数据为首次提供。

苦玄参的化学成分研究

对广西传统的抗菌消炎药用植物苦玄参进行了化学成分研究,采用柱色谱进行分离纯化,运用波谱法进行了结构解析,共鉴定得到7个化合物。它们分别为:芹菜素(1)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖酸(2)、芹菜素-7-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酸(3)、迷迭香酸(4)、苦玄参苷Ⅳ(5)、苦玄参苷Ⅹ(6)、阿克替苷(7)。其中化合物2、3、4为首次从该植物中分离得到。

苦玄参中一个新葫芦苦素成分的分离与结构鉴定

目的 研究苦玄参中的化学成分。方法 用硅胶和MCI柱色谱分离纯化 ,通过光谱 (IR ,UV ,MS ,1 HNMR ,1 3CNMR ,DEPT ,HMQC ,1 H 1 HCOSY和HMBC)鉴定其化学结构。结果 得到 2个葫芦苦素类化合物 ,分别鉴定为 11,2 4 二酮 5 ,2 1 二烯葫芦苦素 3α O β D 吡喃木糖基 16α O α L 吡喃鼠李糖苷 (脱氢拜俄尼苷 ,1)和己降葫芦苦素F(2 )。结论 化合物 1为新化合物 ,化合物 2为首次从苦玄参中分离得到。

苦玄参药材中苦玄参苷ⅠA和ⅠB的含量分析

采用HPLC法对不同产地的苦玄参药材主成分苦玄参苷ⅠA和ⅠB的含量进行分析,发现苦玄参苷ⅠB含量高于苦玄参苷ⅠA;色谱条件:Waters C18(4.6mmi.d.×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相∶乙睛∶水=36?64(体积比),流速为0.8mL/min,检测波长为264nm。苦玄参苷ⅠA、ⅠB分别在0.05～0.50mg/mL和0.072～0.720mg/mL与峰面积有良好的线性关系。苦玄参苷ⅠA的线性回归方程Y=13658X-92.72(r=0.9993),平均回收率为100.58%(n=5),相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.86%;苦玄参苷ⅠB的线性回归方程Y=5258.9X-41.01(r=0.9994),平均回收率为101.15%(n=5),相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.31%。该研究为制定苦玄参药材质量检测标准提供了简便、快速、准确的方法。

桂南地区苦玄参药材RP-HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用反相HPLC法测定了广西梧州、龙州、苍梧、越南等多产地12批苦玄参药材指纹图谱,并对不同产地的苦玄参指纹图谱进行比较。色谱条件为:LunaC18(4.6×250mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长254nm,柱温25℃。结果12批苦玄参样品指纹图谱共标定了16个分离度良好的共有峰,方法的精密度、稳定性、重复性均符合国家相关规定,可作为控制苦玄参药材质量的定性标准。

苦玄参育种材料遗传多样性SSR分析

【目的】探索苦玄参育种材料的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,为苦玄参育种资源的选择及遗传改良提供参考依据。【方法】利用SSR分子标记,分析12份苦玄参育种材料的基因多样性指数(Nei)、Shannon多态性信息指数(I)、多态性百分率(P)及各材料间的遗传距离,并基于遗传距离对其进行聚类分析,以明确该育种材料的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。【结果】17对SSR引物共扩增出73个等位基因,平均每对引物4.3个。各引物间P变化范围为8.33%~100.00%,平均60.78%;多态信息量(PIC)变化范围为0.0767~0.7598,平均0.5184。供试材料遗传多样性的平均Nei=0.3002、I=0.4162、P=59.81%,其中xyj01、xyj06和yt L09种质Nei、I和P最高,分别为0.3529、0.4893和70.59%;Lxj12种质Nei、I和P最低,分别为0.2059、0.2854及41.18%。ytl09和zgb03 2份种质间遗传距离最近,仅0.0929。基于遗传距离的聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.4084处可将12份种质分成4个群体,其中wzhjx07、lxj09和xyj01自成一群,其余归为一群。Lxj12与zgb04、ytl11与wzhjx09、ytl09与zgb03、wzhjx12与xyj06和wzhzp22间分别拥有较近的亲缘关系。【结论】供试12份苦玄参种质材料间存在一定的遗传差异,作为育种亲本具有一定的选择价值。

苦玄参化学成分和定量分析研究进展

对苦玄参的化学成分和定量分析的研究概况进行了综述,为深入研究该类中药提供进一步参考。

苦玄参中一个新苦玄参酮苷的分离与结构鉴定(英文)

目的 研究苦玄参的三萜类化学成分。方法 采用大孔树脂、硅胶柱色谱纯化,经理化常数、光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果 分离得到了 2个三萜成分,分别鉴定为 3, 11, 22 三羰基 16α 羟基 (20S, 24) 环氧苦味素 5, 23 二烯(1)和 3, 11, 22 三羰基 16α 羟基 (20S, 24) 环氧苦味素 5, 23 二烯 2β O β D 吡喃葡糖苷 (2)。结论 化合物 1为已知化合物苦玄参酮I,其13CNMR数据为本文首次报导;化合物 2为新三萜皂苷。

炎见宁片的定性鉴别及其苦玄参甙Ⅰ_A的含量测定

采用TLC法鉴别炎见宁片中苦玄参和毛冬青，并用双波长薄层扫描法测定了苦玄参有效成分苦玄参甙ⅠA的含量。

苦玄参40个株系表型性状遗传多样性分析

植物遗传多样性一直以来是种质资源研究的热点。为揭示苦玄参栽培种质的遗传多样性,该研究从苦玄参常年栽培种中根据形态学性状差异选择40个株系,以产量、药效物质含量及茎、叶、花等形态学性状为指标,进行物种变异和遗传多样性分析,并对其进行聚类分析,获取各株系遗传亲缘关系。结果表明:苦玄参苷IA和IB含量的遗传变异系数较高,分别为24.225%和17.853%;遗传多样性指数高,分别为1.920和2.075。产量遗传变异系数较低,仅为3.637%,但遗传多样性指数较高,达到1.884。其余表型性状指标遗传变异系数均较高,其中花色高达127.794%。数值型性状具有较高的遗传多样性,均大于1,但描述型指标遗传多样性指标较低,均小于1。聚类分析可将供试材料分为4个大的类群:第Ⅰ类群共有7个株系,此类群产量性状及相关指标平均数较高;第Ⅱ类群有8个株系,茎节长度最长,其余指标中等偏下;第Ⅲ类群数量最多,有20个株系,各指标均较低;第Ⅳ类群有5个株系,苦玄参苷含量和产量均较高,综合指标比较优。相关分析结果表明,苦玄参苷IA的含量与叶缘性状具有显著相关,产量性状与茎节长度、一级分枝和末级分枝数具有极显著相关,选择优良种质应注重该4个性状的选择。该研究结果表明目前苦玄参栽培种具有广泛的变异和较高的遗传多样性,为苦玄参资源的利用提供了参考依据。

D_(101)大孔吸附树脂纯化苦玄参总皂苷的研究

目的 研究 D1 0 1 大孔吸附树脂纯化苦玄参总皂苷的工艺条件 ,建立苦玄参总皂苷的分析方法。方法 以TL C为检测手段 ,考察 D1 0 1 大孔吸附树脂对苦玄参总皂苷的吸附和洗脱条件 ,并采用分光光度法测定提取物中苦玄参皂苷的含量。结果 D1 0 1 大孔吸附树脂可以将苦玄参总皂苷含量由浸膏中的 8.7%提高至 2 7.3% ,增加 2 0 %乙醇洗脱操作可进一步提高至 5 2 .1% ;苦玄参总皂苷的最大吸收波长为 2 6 1nm ,与苦玄参苷 A一致。苦玄参苷 A在 4 .5 6～ 91.2 μg/ m L 与吸光度呈良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为 96 .3%。结论 D1 0 1 大孔吸附树脂能有效富集并纯化苦玄参总皂苷 ;分光光度法测定苦玄参总皂苷含量具有快捷、准确的特点。

TLCS 法测定苦玄参中苦玄参苷 I_A 和 I_B 的含量

目的:采用薄层扫描法测定不同产地苦玄参的根、茎、叶中苦玄参苷 I_A 和 I_B 的含量,为选择优质药材的产地和苦玄参药材的精制提供依据。方法:以甲醇为溶媒,超声提取苦玄参各药用部位,提取物经大孔树脂 D_(101)精制后,点于含1%CMC-Na的硅胶 GF_(254)板上,以氯仿-甲醇-水(4∶1∶0.1)为展开剂展开后,用 CAMAG TLCⅢ型线性扫描仪测定,检测波长为268nm,狭缝尺寸为8mm×0.6mm。结果:苦玄参苷 I_A 的点样量在1.1-5.4μg、苦玄参苷 I_B 在1.0-6.2μg范围内与各自峰面积呈良好的线性关系,r 分别为0.9990和0.9992,加样回收率分别为98.3%和97.5%;在同一产地不同药用部位中,苦玄参苷 I_A 和I_B 的含量:叶中最高,茎中次之,根中最低;在同一药用部位中,叶中苦玄参苷 I_A 含量高于 I_B ,根和茎中苦玄参苷 I_B 含量高于 I_A。结论:本法简便、准确,可作为选择道地药材的一个依据;从苦玄参苷 I_A 和 I_B 的含量来看,可结合必要的药理实验,考虑只以苦玄参的地上部分入药。

气相色谱-质谱联用法测定不同产地苦玄参中有机磷农药残留

目的测定广西不同产地苦玄参中5种有机磷农药残留量。方法以混合溶剂超声提取,提取物通过活性炭净化后进行气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）测定。结果5种农药回收率在72%-108%之间,RSD〈12%。农药的最低检测限在0.51-1.27μg/kg之间。5种产地药材中有机磷农药残留均未超过国家标准。结论GC-MS内标法测定苦玄参药材中的农药残留,方法简便快速、可靠、灵敏度高,可作为有机磷农药残留的定性定量方法。

苦玄参、黄芩与黄柏的大孔树脂提取研究

目的 探讨大孔吸附树脂在精制苦玄参、黄芩与黄柏有效部位的应用。方法 以中药中的有效成分为指标 ,筛选适用的大孔吸附树脂型号 ,评价树脂吸附与解吸工艺。结果 苦玄参、黄芩与黄柏提取物精制适用树脂型号分别为 HPD5 0 0、HPD30 0与 HPD10 0 ,吸附阶段的泄漏点分别为 1.5 ,0 .5和 1;饱和点分别为 11,2和 4.75 ;解吸阶段的适用乙醇浓度分别为 5 0 %,30 %和 5 0 %。结论 不同型号的大孔吸附树脂对中药有效部位的提取精制有较大差别。