Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Amomum villosum Lour.

[Objectives]To study the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of Amomum villosum Lour.[Methods]The removal rate of chelated iron ions,hydroxyl radicals,superoxide anion free radicals and DPPH free radicals by the ethyl acetate extract of A.villosum Lour.was determined by UV spectrophotometer.[Results]0.5000μg/mL ethyl acetate extract of A.villosum Lour.had the strongest ability to chelate with ferrous ions and to remove hydroxyl radicals,superoxide anion free radicals and DPPH free radicals.The ability to chelate with ferrous ions was 95.14%,and the removal rate of the above free radicals was 86.217%,81.44%,and 85.16%.[Conclusions]The ethyl acetate extract of A.villosum Lour.had a strong antioxidant effect,and its antioxidant capacity was related to the sample concentration,which provides a theoretical basis for its application in the development of antioxidant skin care products.

Preliminary Experimental Study on Anti-inflammatory Effect of Extract from Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour.as a National Medicine

[Objectives]To study the anti-inflammatory effects of water extract and ethanol extract from Excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour.[Methods]The acute and chronic inflammation models of mouse paw edema induced by cotton ball granuloma and carrageenan were established respectively,and the anti-inflammatory effects of water and ethanol extract from E.cochinchinensis Lour.on acute and chronic inflammation in mice were evaluated.The experimental mice were equally divided into three groups of high,medium and low dose of E.cochinchinensis Lour.(60,40 and 20 g/kg),dexamethasone(0.006 g/kg)group and blank group(distilled water).In the cotton ball granuloma test in mice,the mice were given intragastric administration continuously for 7 d after cotton ball implantation.In the experiment of inflammation induced by carrageenan,the mice in each group were given intragastric administration once a day for 7 d,and the inflammatory model was made after the last administration.[Results]The granuloma inhibition rates of mice in the high,medium and low dose groups of water extract and ethanol extract from E.cochinchinensis Lour were significantly lower than those in the blank group(P<0.05).The degree of paw edema in each dose group of water and ethanol extract from E.cochinchinensis Lour.was significantly lower than that in the blank group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]The water and ethanol extracts from E.cochinchinensis Lour.had significant anti-inflammatory effects.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)Leaves Using Multi-indicator Comprehensive Evaluation Method

[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of longan(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)leaves by multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method.[Methods]The contents of gallic acid ethyl ester,astragalin,quercetin,luteolin and kaempferol in longan leaves were determined simultaneously by HPLC.Using the multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method,the methanol concentration,solid to liquid ratio and extraction time for extraction of longan leaves were optimized by orthogonal test.[Results]The optimal extraction process of longan leaves are as follows:methanol concentration of 100%,solid to liquid ratio of 1∶5,and extraction time of 50 min.[Conclusions]The optimized process is simple and feasible,and it can be used to determine the contents of different ingredients in longan leaves.

Effects of Dietary Picria felterrae Lour Extracts on Serum Biochemical Indexes and Immune Function of Guangxi Partridge Chickens

[Objective] This trial was to investigate the effect of dietary Picria felterrae Lour extracts on serum biochemical indexes and immune function of Guangxi Partridge chickens. [Method] Totally 500 individuals of 1-day-old Guangxi Partridge chickens were randomly divided into five groups, five replicates each group and 20 chicks each replicate. Groups A, B and C were treatment groups supplemented with 0.70%, 0.35% and0.175% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet, respectively; group D was a medical control group supplemented with 0.01% colistin sulfate premix in the basal diet; and group E was a control group with basal diet. Serum samples were collected from 10 chickens in each group at 21, 35 and 49 days of age, to analyze the biochemical and immune indexes. [Result] It had no significant impact on serum TP and GLU contents of chickens by adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet（P 〉0.05）. However, at 21 and 35 days of age, the TBILI content of chickens in groups A, B and C were extremely lower or significantly lower than that in group E（ P〈0.01; P〈0.05）. At 35 days of age, the serum AKP activities in groups A, B and C were extremely higher than that in group E（P〈0.01）, and the serum GOT activities at 21 and 35 days of age in group C were significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）. At 49 days of age, the serum Ig G content in groups A, B and C and the IL-2 content in group B and group C were significantly lower or extremely lower than that in group E（ P〈0.05; P〈0.01）; the T-AOC content in group B was significantly higher than that in group E（P〈0.05）; the GSH content in groups A, B and C were significantly higher than that in group E（ P〈0.05）. Adding different levels of P. felterrae extracts in the diet significantly decreased the TBILI content, reduced the Ig G, IL-2 and IL-6 contents, and improved the AKP and GOT activities and the T-AOC and GSH contents of Guangxi Partridge chicken. [Conclusion] Adding 0.35% P. felterrae extracts in the basal diet received the best effort.

黄皮中黄酮类化合物的结构及生物活性研究进展

黄皮是我国华南地区特色优稀水果,风味独特,深受广大消费者喜爱。黄酮类物质是黄皮果实中主要的活性成分之一,具有多种生物活性。目前关于黄皮中黄酮类化合物的研究较为零散,结论缺乏系统性。本文全面综述了黄皮中黄酮类化合物的组成、提取方法,系统阐述了其抗氧化、抗肿瘤、保护心血管、增强认知、抗炎、降糖和抑制黑色素生成等功效及作用机制,以期为黄皮中黄酮类化合物的科学研究、黄皮产品的开发和品牌创建提供理论依据。

正交试验优化鸡矢藤总环烯醚萜苷的提取工艺

为研究鸡矢藤叶中总环烯醚萜苷的最佳提取工艺,以总环烯醚萜苷提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,考察乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比、提取温度、提取次数等因素的影响。结果显示总环烯醚萜苷的最佳提取条件为:80%乙醇作为提取溶剂、提取时间2 min、料液比1∶90 g/mL、提取温度45℃、提取次数6次,在此条件下总环烯醚萜苷的提取率达到46.59 mg/g。本文研究的提取方法高效、稳定、合理,可为鸡矢藤叶中总环烯醚萜苷的研究奠定一定基础。

嘎狗噜醇提物抗鸭乙型肝炎病毒感染的短期疗效分析

目的探究嘎狗噜醇提物体内抗鸭乙肝病毒(DHBV)及保肝作用。方法建立鸭乙型肝炎病毒感染动物模型,随机分成6组(每组10只):嘎狗噜醇提物高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组,安慰剂组,拉米夫定组,非感染组,每日灌胃给药1次,持续28天;在给药前(T_(0))及给药后7 d(T_(7))、14 d(T_(14))、21 d(T_(21))、28 d(T_(28))和停药后5 d(P_(5)),取各组麻鸭静脉血,实时荧光定量PCR法检测鸭血清样本中鸭乙肝病毒(DHBV DNA)水平、酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定鸭乙肝表面抗原(DHBsAg)和鸭乙肝e抗原(DHBeAg),检测ALT和AST水平,停药后6天(P_(6))处死麻鸭并解剖取肝,观察麻鸭肝脏病理切片。结果给药前(T_(0)),基线指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。嘎狗噜醇提物各剂量组均未发现DHBV DNA载量下降,DHBsAg OD值也未见降低(P>0.05),对AST作用不明显;嘎狗噜醇提物各剂量组DHBeAg OD值、ALT均降低(P<0.05);肝脏病理结果显示,嘎狗噜醇提物高剂量组病变程度低于其他剂量组(P<0.05)。结论未发现嘎狗噜醇提物有抑制DHBV、DHBsAg的作用,对AST作用不明显;嘎狗噜醇提物各剂量组均能抑制DHBeAg、降低ALT水平,高剂量组能够改善肝脏病理损伤,对肝脏有一定保护作用。

沉香叶黄酮类化合物的提取及其抗氧化活性

以沉香叶为原料,采用溶剂浸提的方法提取黄酮类化合物,利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)法、2,2-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS)法和铁氰化钾还原法测定提取物的抗氧化能力。在单因素试验的基础上,选择乙醇体积分数、提取温度、液料比为自变量,以黄酮类化合物得率为响应值,采用响应面法优化提取工艺。结果表明,沉香叶黄酮类化合物提取的最优工艺为乙醇体积分数60%、提取温度60℃、液料比20∶1(m L/g)、提取时间3 h,在此条件下黄酮类化合物的得率为2.88%(m/m)。抗氧化实验结果表明,沉香叶黄酮提取物具有较强的清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+·能力,其半数有效质量浓度值分别为(1.14±0.08)mg/m L和(0.23±0.01)mg/m L。

超声强化提取橄榄黄酮类物质及其抗氧化活性研究

橄榄是传统的药食同源植物,为了提高橄榄中黄酮类化合物的提取效率,研究超声波提取橄榄中黄酮类物质的工艺。通过单因素试验考察乙醇浓度、超声波功率、提取温度、处理时间、料液比和浸泡时间对总黄酮提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用正交试验确定超声波法提取橄榄果中总黄酮类化合物的最佳工艺条件,并测定了其对羟自由基(.OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼自由基(DPPH.)的清除结果。结果表明,黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率350 W,提取温度60℃,提取时间60 min,乙醇体积分数70%,液料比40 mL/g,总黄酮得率为2.30%。橄榄总黄酮提取物对.OH和DPPH.均有较强的清除能力。

木奶果花色苷提取纯化及其抗氧化活性研究

采用溶剂提取法提取木奶果果肉中的花色苷,得到最佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂为用1%HCl酸化过的乙醇溶液,溶剂浓度为60%,料液比为1∶20(g/mL),提取时间为45min,提取温度为50℃;采用大孔树脂法分离和纯化提取物中的花色苷,5种大孔树脂静态吸附率大小顺序为:AB-8(92.80%)>D101(91.90%)>NKA-Ⅱ(90.80%)>X-S(90.50%)>D-151(88.20%)>D-280(83.40%);选用D-101和AB-8两种对花色苷吸附率较高的树脂进行解吸率实验,选择乙醇为洗脱液,当乙醇浓度为60%时,D-101和AB-8的洗脱率分别为82.06%和84.32%;采用DPPH自由基法测定木奶果中花色苷的抗氧化活性,当花色苷的浓度为5.70μg/mL时,自由基清除率最高达到90.00%,IC50为3.35μg/mL,表现为较强的抗氧化活性。

龙眼胚性愈伤组织体胚发生的同步化调控及其DNA与RNA的提取方法

通过改进培养基的配方,控制2,4-D和蔗糖浓度以及培养时间,获得了龙眼胚性愈伤组织体胚发生各个阶段即球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷形胚、子叶形胚、成熟体胚等阶段高度同步化的胚性培养物;对龙眼胚性培养物进行了DNA、RNA提取方法研究,获得了完整、高质量的DNA和RNA,摸索出一套简便、快捷、有效的DNA提取方法,并对提取的RNA进行了反转录及PCR扩增试验,为龙眼体细胞胚胎发生的分子生物学研究奠定了重要基础。

橄榄酚类提取物的抗氧化性能

为进一步开发利用橄榄中的酚类物质,文中通过测定橄榄酚类提取物的铁离子还原能力、亚铁离子螯合能力,及对2,2'-氨基-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)自由基(ABTS+.)、1,1-二苯-2-苦基苯肼自由基(DPPH.)、羟基自由基(.OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-.)的清除能力,以考察橄榄酚类提取物的体外抗氧化性能,并与食品抗氧化剂丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)和Vc进行对比。结果表明:橄榄酚类提取物具有较好的体外抗氧化性能,其ABTS+.、DPPH.清除率分别高达99%和95%以上,.OH、O2-.清除率可达50%左右,铁离子还原力约1 700μmol/L Trolox,亚铁离子螯合率最高为14.9%。且提取物ABTS+.、DPPH.和.OH清除能力及铁离子还原能力均强于BHA和Vc,而O2-.清除能力强于BHA但弱于Vc。另外,橄榄酚类粗提物和纯化物相同浓度下的ABTS+.、DPPH.、.OH清除能力和铁离子还原能力相当(P>0.05),而其O2-.清除能力和亚铁离子螯合能力表现有所差异。

金柑多糖微波辅助提取工艺优化及抑菌效果

为了研究金柑多糖微波辅助提取的最佳工艺及其抑菌效果,试验在考察单因素对多糖得率影响的基础上,通过响应面法对金柑多糖微波辅助提取工艺进行优化,并对金柑多糖抑菌效果进行研究。结果表明,金柑多糖最佳的微波辅助提取工艺条件为:微波功率460 W,微波时间8.4 min,液料比381(mL/g),粒径60目,在该条件下,多糖得率为(5.55±0.13)%,与理论预测值基本一致。相比水提法和超声波强化法,微波辅助法的多糖得率分别提高了207.20%和33.73%。金柑多糖抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和假单胞杆菌等菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为3.13,50.00,12.50,12.50,12.50mg/mL。微波辅助提取法是一种高效的提取金柑多糖的方法,所得多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑制效果。

离子液体提取分离鹿藿中异黄酮化合物

以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Bmim]BF4)离子液体取代天然产物研究中的溶剂,对具有抗雄性生育活性和抑菌作用的鹿藿根中的异黄酮成分进行提取和分离。从鹿藿根的70%乙醇粗提物中,成功分离纯化得到3种异黄酮类化合物,它们均是首次从植物鹿藿中分离得到。经过波谱分析鉴定,3种化合物的结构被确定为木豆酮(Cajanone)、鸡豆黄素A(Biochanin A)和1种新的异黄酮类化合物,被命名为3-[4'-(1″-甲氧基)-丙基氧代]-苯基-5,7-二羟基异黄酮(3-[4'-(1″-methoxy)-propoxy]-phenyl-5,7-dihydroxy-isoflavone)。建立了植物鹿藿中异黄酮含量的测定方法:以木豆酮化合物为标准品,在其紫外最大吸收峰270 nm处,测得生药中总异黄酮的含量为0.73%;测得平均加样回收率99.94%,相对标准偏差3.66%,离子液体回收率76.7%。

濒危南药白木香愈伤组织总RNA提取方法研究

分别采用SDS-酸酚法、CTAB法、异硫氰酸胍法提取白木香愈伤组织总RNA,通过比较发现,异硫氰酸胍法提取白木香愈伤组织总RNA的效果比其他两种方法更好。利用异硫氰酸胍法提取的白木香愈伤组织总RNA具有较好的完整性,OD260/OD280介于1.8～2.0之间。成功建立了白木香愈伤组织总RNA快速提取方法,可为其他药用植物总RNA提取提供借鉴。

橄榄多酚的提取研究

利用溶剂浸提法、超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法对橄榄中的多酚物质进行提取研究。并比较了3种方法的提取效果。结果表明：以1g橄榄果肉粉为原料，60％-70％丙酮水溶液是提取橄榄多酚的最适溶剂，最佳提取时间1h，温度20-30℃，固液比1：20（g：mL）；超声波提取的最适功率为80w，最佳提取时间25min；微波提取的最适功率为280W，提取时间5s。3种提取方法的多酚提取得率分别为17．1％、19．3％和20．3％，与溶剂浸提法相比，超声波法和微波法提取时间短、效率高，提取效果明显优于前者，并且三者提取物的UV和HPLC检测图谱完全一致。

从野生植物薯莨中提取抗氧化成分的研究

介绍从薯莨中提取天然抗氧化成分的方法。讨论溶剂浓度、温度对提取效果的影响。结果表明，薯莨的乙醇提取物有较强的抗氧化性及抑菌作用。

天门冬的体外抑菌作用

利用水煎法、醇提取法和超声波提取法制备天门冬(Asparagus cochinchinensis(Lour)Merr.)提取液,并通过正交试验对超声波提取工艺进行优化;采用杯碟法测定天门冬提取液的抑菌圈直径;采用液体稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,超声波提取所用条件为70%的乙醇、浸泡时间6 h、提取时间20min和提取温度35℃时,所得天门冬提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)抑制作用最强,对这3种菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为3.13、6.25和12.50 mg/mL。说明天门冬提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉有较强的抑制作用,是一种天然抑菌剂。

超临界二氧化碳流体萃取法与超声波溶剂萃取法提取千年健挥发油的研究

目的采用超临界CO2流体萃取法及超声波溶剂萃取法从千年健中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分析。方法采用超临界CO2流体萃取法与超声波溶剂萃取法从千年健中提取挥发油,采用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析,找出最佳条件,用归一化法测定其百分含量。并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。色谱条件:DB-5毛细管柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm),柱温60℃(8 m in)4℃.m in-1→250℃(30 m in);分流进样,分流比1∶50;进样口温度280℃。结果超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油共鉴定了54种成份,占挥发油总成分的93%以上;超声波溶剂萃取法提取挥发油共鉴定了51种成份,占挥发油的89%以上。结论超临界CO2流体萃取法提取的挥发油比超声波溶剂萃取法能更真实、全面的反映药材中的化学成分。

加速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术提取海南萝芙木活性成分

考察了加速溶剂萃取(ASE)技术对海南萝芙木抗氧化活性成分的提取效果。以提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为指标,确定水-丙酮混合溶剂为最佳溶媒,通过正交实验确定了最佳提取条件,即样品经质量分数1%的盐酸预处理30 m in后,以V(丙酮)∶V(水)=1∶1为溶媒,在125℃用加速溶剂萃取仪提取,所得提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率为89.378%,而索式提取法仅为68.45%。表明加速溶剂萃取技术可以作为萝芙木中活性成分的一种高效提取手段。