Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the essential oil of Myrothamnus moschatus in convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin

Objective: To evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of the essential oil of Myrothamnus moschatus(M. moschatus) in convulsion induced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin in rodent models.Methods: The essential oil of the aerial parts of M. moschatus was extracted by steam distillation. Thereafter, it was injected subcutaneously to rats and mice at escalating doses(0.1–0.8 m L/kg). Ten minutes after drug injection, pentylenetetrazole was injected intraperitoneally to rats and picrotoxin was administered to mice by the same route.Diazepam served as the positive control. Every single animal was placed into transparent cage and observed for convulsive behavior for 30 min by using ordinary security cameras connected to a video recorder. Death occurring for a period of 24 h was also recorded.Results: The essential oil at 0.8 m L/kg completely arrested the pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion without any sedative effect and delayed its appearance at lower doses, but showed moderate activities on picrotoxin-induced convulsion. For the rats treated with pentylenetetrazole alone, the mortality was 100% within 1 h, but for the rats pre-treated with the essential oil, the mortality was 0%. For the mice treated with picrotoxin, the mortality rate was also 100%, while 20%–100% died in those that had been pre-treated with the oil.Conclusions: The results confirmed at least partly the traditional uses of the smoke of M. moschatus for the management of convulsion, and implied that the essential oil may inhibit the convulsion by GABAergic neuromodulation.

The GABA Antagonist Picrotoxin Attenuates an Ethanol-Induced Taste Aversion in Taste Aversion-Prone Rats

The aversive properties of alcohol can be examined by using ethanol as a conditioning agent in a taste aversion (TA) paradigm. However, there is often variability in how organisms respond to the aversive properties of alcohol. Using a selectively bred line of TA-prone (TAP) rats, the present study sought to determine if antagonizing the GABA receptor complex with picrotoxin could block the acquisition of an ethanol-based conditioned aversion to a normally preferred fluid. Fifty TAP rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. In the two experimental groups, rats were pretreated with i.p. injections of low or high doses of the GABA Aantagonist picrotoxin prior to undergoing taste aversion conditioning —wherein consumption of a novel saccharin solution (0.1%) was followed by an i.p. injection of ethanol (1.5 mg/kg). In the primary control group, rats were treated identically, except that isotonic saline was substituted for picrotoxin. In the non-conditioning and pseudo-conditioning control groups, rats did not receive an ethanol-saccharin pairing but did receive a picrotoxin injection. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that animals in the picrotoxin groups displayed significantly weaker TAs than the primary control group (p 0.05) as measured by post-conditioning, two-bottle saccharin preference scores. Picrotoxin hinders the acquisition of an ethanol-induced TA, thereby supporting the hypothesis that the GABA system plays a central role in ethanol’s motivational effects. Possible mechanisms include 1) picrotoxin attenuates negative effects of ethanol, 2) picrotoxin interferes with the central associative processes that promote TA conditioning or 3) some combination of 1 and 2.

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

We acknowledge our sincere thanks to our reviewers. Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of our World Series Journals. Both the editors of the journals and authors of the manuscripts submitted to the journals are grateful to the following reviewers

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastrointestinal

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastrointestinal

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

We acknowledge our sincere thanks to our reviewers.Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of our World Series Journals.Both the editors of the journals and authors of the manuscripts submitted to the journals are grateful to the following reviewers for reviewing the articles(either published or rejected) over the past period of time.

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review, a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. The editors

Acknowledgments to reviewers of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Many reviewers have contributed their expertise and time to the peer review,a critical process to ensure the quality of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics.The editors and authors of the articles submitted to the journal are grateful to the

痰热清注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期作用机制探讨

目的:研究痰热清注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期作用机制。方法:在线查询TCMSP数据库、既往文献获取黄芩、熊胆粉、山羊角、金银花、连翘等中药的主要活性成分,利用swisstargetprediction数据库获取其活性成分对应靶点;利用GeneCards、OMMI、Drug Bank等数据库获取慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期靶点。利用Venny平台在线获取药物与疾病靶点交集,通过DAVID数据库对相交靶点进行基因本体分析和通路富集分析,使用STRING数据库构建蛋白相互作用网络,借助Cytoscapr软件行可视化处理并筛选主要活性成分、关键靶点。最后通过AutoDock vina软件将核心靶点与核心成分进行分子对接验证,并利用pymol可视化处理。结果:痰热清注射液中含主要活性成分90个,对应靶点557个;连翘、黄芩、金银花为痰热清注射液的关键作用药物;baicalein、Norwogonin、5,7,4’-Trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone、5,2’,6’-Trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone、(2R)-7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2-phenylchroman-4-one、Panicolin、Skullcapflavone II、Moslosooflavone、5,7,2,5-tetrahydroxy-8,6-dimethoxyflavone、quercetin等为核心活性成分;STAT3、HSP90AA1、ESR1、SRC、EP300、AKT1、JUN、PIK3R1、RELA等靶点为蛋白互作网络中的核心靶点。结论:痰热清注射液治疗主要通过黄酮类物质调节细胞炎症反应、细胞增殖、凋亡等对慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期发挥潜在作用。

基于网络药理学及分子对接探讨二至丸治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的作用机制

目的基于网络药理学方法探讨二至丸治疗早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)的可能分子作用机制。方法使用网络药理学平台(TCMSP)采集二至丸的有效成分和相关的基因;通过基因组注释数据平台(GeneCards)、人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)数据库获取POI疾病靶点;用蛋白互作网络数据库(STRING)构建蛋白质相互作用网络(PPI),通过CytoHubba筛选核心靶点。使用生物学信息注释数据库(DAVID)平台进行富集分析,采用Cytoscape 3.10.0软件进行拓扑学分析,利用AutoDockTools进行分子对接。结果二至丸内最主要的有效成分为槲皮素、木犀草素、山柰酚、刺槐素等,其中的AKT1、TP53等是关键靶点,包含的通路主要为PI3K-Akt信号通路、流体剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化信号通路等。分子对接验证大部分靶点与成分能进行有效结合。结论揭示二至丸能够经多种成分、靶点及多条信号通路对POI发挥协同治疗作用。

槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠主动脉环的舒张作用及机制

目的:比较研究槲皮素与芦丁对离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用及其可能的途径。方法:采用累积加药法,检测槲皮素和芦丁对去氧肾上腺素(pheny lephrine,PE)预收缩的胸主动脉环张力的影响。结果:槲皮素对离体大鼠内皮完整和去内皮的胸主动脉环均有浓度依赖性的舒张作用,而芦丁对PE预收缩血管的舒张作用是内皮依赖性的。槲皮素和芦丁对内皮完整的胸主动脉环的最大舒张反应分别为(77.20±6.11)%和(44.28±7.48)%,但两者对内皮完整的胸主动脉环最大舒张的半数有效浓度无明显差异。用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂L-NAM E(0.1 mm o l/L)预处理后,可阻断芦丁诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断槲皮素引起的舒张血管作用;用鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝(10μm o l/L)预处理后,两者的血管舒张作用均被阻断。用环氧合酶抑制剂吲哚美辛(10μm o l/L)预处理后可减弱槲皮素诱导的舒张血管作用,但不能阻断芦丁引起的舒张血管作用。结论:槲皮素的舒血管作用强于芦丁,槲皮素可能是通过鸟苷酸环化酶和环氧合酶途径产生非内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用,而芦丁可能是通过NO-鸟苷酸环化酶途径产生内皮依赖性的血管舒张作用。

慢性癫痫对大鼠空间记忆再生能力的影响

目的 :探讨慢性癫痫对大鼠空间记忆再生能力的影响 ,检测组胺前体物质组氨酸和胆碱酯酶抑制剂TAK- 14 7对癫痫诱发记忆障碍的作用。方法 :大鼠在放射状八臂 (四臂放食物 )迷宫训练成功后 ,隔日腹腔注射亚惊厥剂量 ( 35 mg/ kg)的戊四唑 ,直至完全点燃。完全点燃后在同一迷宫中测记忆的再现过程。结果 :完全点燃后第1d至第 18d,大鼠在放射状迷宫中的错误次数较对照组明显上升 ,且维持在一相对平衡的状态 ,31d后与对照组一致。TAK- 14 7剂量依赖性地改善了癫痫诱发的空间记忆再现障碍 ,包括参考记忆和工作记忆。组氨酸剂量依赖性地改善参考记忆 ,不影响工作记忆。结论 :戊四唑点燃癫痫可导致大鼠空间记忆再生能力下降 。

黄芪舒张血管平滑肌的作用及机制

目的 :探讨黄芪对血管平滑肌的舒张作用及其机制。方法 :采用大鼠离体胸主动脉环灌流模型。在去除血管环内皮后 ,观察累积浓度黄芪对基础状态 (基础组 )、苯肾上腺素 (PE)预收缩 (苯肾上腺素组 )、氯化钾预收缩(氯化钾组 )的血管环的作用和黄芪对经无钙液 (无钙液组 )、无钙液加肝素 (肝素组 )、普萘洛尔 (普萘洛尔组 )预处理后的血管环的作用。结果 :在血管内皮被去除后 ,黄芪对基础状态或氯化钾预收缩的血管环无影响 ;当黄芪浓度累积达 (10 -1、3× 10 -1、10 0 、3× 10 0 ) g/L时 ,对 PE(3× 10 -7mol/L)预收缩的血管环产生剂量依赖性舒张作用 (P<0 .0 5 )。经无钙液预处理后 ,黄芪 (3× 10 0 g/L )对血管环的舒张作用未被阻断 ;但经无钙液加肝素预处理后 ,该作用被显著抑制 (P<0 .0 1) ;而普萘洛尔预处理不影响黄芪对 PE预收缩血管环的舒张作用。结论 :黄芪对去除内皮的血管具有舒张作用。其机制可能与阻断血管平滑肌细胞内质网上的三磷酸肌醇敏感的钙离子通道 ,抑制内钙的释放有关。

牡丹皮、忍冬藤及泽兰抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

采用具抗噬菌体作用的中草药牡丹皮、泽兰和忍冬藤进行小鼠体内抑瘤实验及体外杀瘤细胞实验 ,结果显示 :牡丹皮抑瘤率 >50 % ,IC50 为 3 8.4 0mg/L ,其 95%的可信限为 3 1 .1 9～ 4 7.2 9mg/L ;忍冬藤抑瘤率>3 0 % ,IC50 为 7.3 1mg/L ,95%的可信限为 4 .56～ 1 1 .71mg/L。泽兰抑瘤率 <3 0 % ,IC50 为 1 8.1 1mg/L ,95%的可信限为 1 1 .2 3～ 2 9.2 0mg/L ,说明牡丹皮及忍冬藤具有抗肿瘤作用。

喹喔啉双氮氧化物衍生物QN-2013的乏氧细胞毒性和放射增敏作用

目的 :检验和评价喹喔啉双氮氧化物衍生物QN 2 0 13的选择性乏氧细胞毒性和放射增敏作用。方法 :体外细胞毒性、放射增敏作用及体内抗肿瘤活性 ,分别用集落形成法和肿瘤生长延迟法检验。细胞周期的变化、DNA损伤和损伤DNA的修复分别以流式细胞术和“彗星”分析法测定。结果 :QN 2 0 13对乏氧和富氧HeLa S3细胞的等毒性浓度ICN250 和ICair50 分别是 0 .0 8和 1.7mmol·L-1,乏氧细胞毒性比率 (hypoxiccytotoxicityratio ,HCR)为 2 1。这说明QN 2 0 13具有一定的乏氧细胞毒性 ,但弱于代表性生物还原药SR 42 33。在 1mmol·L-1以下时 ,QN 2 0 13的体外放射增敏作用比MISO(misonidazole)弱 ,但随药物浓度增加近似按指数增大 ,而荷瘤小鼠腹腔给药则体内增敏作用与施药剂量无明显依赖关系。在细胞和分子水平上 ,QN 2 0 13诱发乏氧HeLa S3细胞G2 M期阻断 ,引起DNA双链断裂 ,且抑制辐射DNA损伤的修复。结论 :QN 2 0 13是一中度活性的乏氧选择性细胞毒剂 ,体内外实验表明具有一定的放射增敏作用 ,明显增强辐射抗肿瘤能力。其作用机制可能是通过直接损伤DNA和抑制DNA修复。这些结果提示虽QN 2 0 13本身可能不是理想的生物还原药 ,但喹喔啉氮氧化物系列不失为探索新抗癌药应重视的领域之一。

一种实用的体外非酒精性脂肪肝细胞模型

目的：探讨体外建立非酒精性脂肪肝细胞模型的方法。方法：体外用MEM培养基培养HepG2细胞,分为模型组和正常组。当细胞融合达到70%-80%,正常组换用新鲜MEM培养液,而模型组改为含有游离脂肪酸（油酸和棕榈酸）混合物的MEM培养基诱导培养24 h。以油红O染色和电镜定性观察细胞内脂滴,同时检测细胞内甘油三酯和丙二醛含量。结果：模型组HepG2细胞内脂滴大量形成,且甘油三酯明显升高,而丙二醛较正常组没有明显升高。结论：采用游离脂肪酸（油酸和棕榈酸）混合物体外诱导HepG2细胞建立的脂肪肝细胞模型,是一种研究细胞脂肪变性简便实用的的方法。

松果菊属药用植物的应用基础研究

Echinacea is a most famous "immune herb" in western countries, and continues to be the best selling herb for many years. For the last five years, our research group has cooperated with Institute of Medicinal Plants in Huairou District of Beijing, carrying out studies on Echinacea purpurea, which involved botany, cultivation, pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and toxicology of the species. Two other species introduced from Canada, Echinacea angustifolia and Echinacea pallida, were also included in the taxonomic, cultivated and pharmacognostic studies. The results acquired have opened up the path to introduce Echinacea species into Traditional Chinese Medicine, thus established the possibility of developing more promising drugs from them.

葛根素、丹参、川芎嗪注射液对羟自由基水平的影响

利用抗坏血酸体系产生羟自由基（·ＯＨ）方法，研究了几种临床常用中药注射液清除·ＯＨ的作用。结果表明：葛根素注射液在２．５０～０．１５ｇ／Ｌ之间均可清除·ＯＨ，２．５０ｇ／Ｌ时清除率达１００％，并呈量效依赖关系；丹参注射液在９．３８～１．１７ｇ／Ｌ之间，也可清除·ＯＨ；９．３８ｇ／Ｌ时清除率达１００％；川芎嗪注射液在０．５～０．０６３ｇ／Ｌ之间可清除·ＯＨ，但清除率最高只有３８．７％。醒脑静注射液对·ＯＨ水平无影响，清除·ＯＨ能力排列顺序为葛根素＞丹参＞川芎嗪。

肉苁蓉多糖的免疫活性作用及机制

目的 :研究肉苁蓉多糖 ( CDPS)的免疫活性作用及其体外免疫调节作用的机制。方法 :采用噻唑蓝比色法 ( MTT)观察 CDPS体外对 ISO、DEX、TNF- β抑制小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的调节作用 ;采用流式细胞仪进行了CDPS对细胞周期及其胞内 Ca2 +的测定。结果 :CDPS在较高浓度能对抗 ISO、DEX对淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用 ,及对抗高浓度 TNF- β对淋巴细胞增殖的抑制作用 ,协同低浓度 TNF- β对淋巴细胞的增殖促进作用 ;10 0 μg/m l、2 0 0μg/m l CDPS均能使分裂期的细胞明显增加 ;较高浓度 ( 10 0μg/m l)的 CDPS对小鼠胸腺细胞内 Ca离子浓度有明显的促进升高作用。结论 :CDPS能促进细胞进入分裂期 ,并推断其对小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的促进作用与其促进小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞内钙释放有关。

细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞降低乳腺癌耐药细胞系对阿霉素的耐受效应

目的 :探讨细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞 (cytokine inducedkiller,CIK)与化疗药物对多药耐药 (multidrugre sistance,MDR)肿瘤细胞产生协同杀伤效应的机制。方法 :用细胞培养法加细胞因子在体外诱导并扩增CIK细胞 ,应用MTT法测定CIK细胞、阿霉素及二者联合对靶细胞的杀伤活性 ,用流式细胞术检测靶细胞上P糖蛋白 (P gp)的表达和细胞内药物积累 ,用细胞免疫组化方法检测P gp在MDR靶细胞MCF7adr内的分布。结果 :CIK细胞可使MCF7adr细胞P gp的表达活性下降 82 .5 % ,耐药靶细胞内阿霉素积累增加 3.2倍 ,使联合杀伤率比单纯加阿霉素(同等剂量 )组增加 7.8倍 ,比单纯加CIK细胞 (相同效靶比 )组增加 1.3倍。结论 :CIK细胞可明显抑制MCF7adr肿瘤细胞系的P gp表达 ,可协同阿霉素提高对MCF7adr肿瘤细胞系的杀伤活性。