The upward bubble velocity and the pierce length distributions in a sectionalwater model of the copper converter in Guixi Smelter in Jiangxi, China, were measured using atwo-contact electro-resistivity probe. In the c...The upward bubble velocity and the pierce length distributions in a sectionalwater model of the copper converter in Guixi Smelter in Jiangxi, China, were measured using atwo-contact electro-resistivity probe. In the case of using a single tuyere, the bubble velocitydistribution along longitudinal direction was similar to that derived from Guassian function. Beyondthe center of the longitudinal range, the bubble pierce length exhibited a sudden increase. Theupward bubble velocity at a specified location could go up to meters per second. Its probability ata fixed location obeys a lognormal function; the bubble pierce length there varies bellow a fewcentimeters. In the case of using multi-tuyeres, the upward bubble velocity was roughly uniformright above the tuyeres and showed a slow decrease beyond this region. The bubble pierce lengthwithin both of these two regions was roughly uniform. Its average value in the former region,however, was found to he somewhat lower than that in the later.展开更多
The conditions of heating and cooling of piercing mandrels made of 4X5MFS steel of a three-roll screw mill 30-80 in the production of a closed cavity of steel vessels of small volume are determined.It is established t...The conditions of heating and cooling of piercing mandrels made of 4X5MFS steel of a three-roll screw mill 30-80 in the production of a closed cavity of steel vessels of small volume are determined.It is established that multiple cycles of heating up to 600℃ and cooling with water up to 80℃ for about 7 seconds/1 cycle lead to the formation of ridges,shells and cracks on the surface and in the volume of the tool.The loss of structural strength of the material leads to the breakdown of the mandrel during the stitching process.The technique and equipment of magnetic powder control have been developed to establish the dynamics of the growth of internal and external defects of mandrels.An equation is obtained that allows determining the increase in the number of defects in the sewing tool of a screw rolling mill.The technology of non-destructive testing made it possible to develop a rational plan for replacing the sewing mandrels,which allows for predicting the appearance of defects leading to a complex breakdown of the deforming tool at the NPO Pribor machine-building enterprise.展开更多
体声波(BAW)谐振器受到质量负载时,谐振器的Butterworth Van Dyke(BVD)电路模型中会增加1个质量负载等效电感,为得到该电感与负载质量的量化关系,以便对BAW传感器进行系统行为仿真,该文提出了3D多物理场-等效电路仿真对比建模的方法。...体声波(BAW)谐振器受到质量负载时,谐振器的Butterworth Van Dyke(BVD)电路模型中会增加1个质量负载等效电感,为得到该电感与负载质量的量化关系,以便对BAW传感器进行系统行为仿真,该文提出了3D多物理场-等效电路仿真对比建模的方法。通过对比COMSOL Multiphysics软件的3D多物理场仿真结果与ADS的等效电路仿真结果得到质量负载等效电感和负载质量的量化关系。以一个薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)为例,介绍了该方法的详细过程,并得到案例中的量化关系为:质量负载等效电感每增加1nH,负载质量增加0.1ng。最后将该量化关系应用于基于Pierce振荡器的BAW传感器检测电路的系统级行为仿真。仿真结果表明,质量负载等效电感每增加1nH,振荡频率减小6 MHz,即振荡频率的变化情况与等效电路仿真结果相吻合,从而验证了该检测电路能用于BAW传感器的频率信号的检测。该量化方法同样适用于石英晶体微天平(QCM)。展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.59874005).
文摘The upward bubble velocity and the pierce length distributions in a sectionalwater model of the copper converter in Guixi Smelter in Jiangxi, China, were measured using atwo-contact electro-resistivity probe. In the case of using a single tuyere, the bubble velocitydistribution along longitudinal direction was similar to that derived from Guassian function. Beyondthe center of the longitudinal range, the bubble pierce length exhibited a sudden increase. Theupward bubble velocity at a specified location could go up to meters per second. Its probability ata fixed location obeys a lognormal function; the bubble pierce length there varies bellow a fewcentimeters. In the case of using multi-tuyeres, the upward bubble velocity was roughly uniformright above the tuyeres and showed a slow decrease beyond this region. The bubble pierce lengthwithin both of these two regions was roughly uniform. Its average value in the former region,however, was found to he somewhat lower than that in the later.
文摘The conditions of heating and cooling of piercing mandrels made of 4X5MFS steel of a three-roll screw mill 30-80 in the production of a closed cavity of steel vessels of small volume are determined.It is established that multiple cycles of heating up to 600℃ and cooling with water up to 80℃ for about 7 seconds/1 cycle lead to the formation of ridges,shells and cracks on the surface and in the volume of the tool.The loss of structural strength of the material leads to the breakdown of the mandrel during the stitching process.The technique and equipment of magnetic powder control have been developed to establish the dynamics of the growth of internal and external defects of mandrels.An equation is obtained that allows determining the increase in the number of defects in the sewing tool of a screw rolling mill.The technology of non-destructive testing made it possible to develop a rational plan for replacing the sewing mandrels,which allows for predicting the appearance of defects leading to a complex breakdown of the deforming tool at the NPO Pribor machine-building enterprise.
文摘体声波(BAW)谐振器受到质量负载时,谐振器的Butterworth Van Dyke(BVD)电路模型中会增加1个质量负载等效电感,为得到该电感与负载质量的量化关系,以便对BAW传感器进行系统行为仿真,该文提出了3D多物理场-等效电路仿真对比建模的方法。通过对比COMSOL Multiphysics软件的3D多物理场仿真结果与ADS的等效电路仿真结果得到质量负载等效电感和负载质量的量化关系。以一个薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)为例,介绍了该方法的详细过程,并得到案例中的量化关系为:质量负载等效电感每增加1nH,负载质量增加0.1ng。最后将该量化关系应用于基于Pierce振荡器的BAW传感器检测电路的系统级行为仿真。仿真结果表明,质量负载等效电感每增加1nH,振荡频率减小6 MHz,即振荡频率的变化情况与等效电路仿真结果相吻合,从而验证了该检测电路能用于BAW传感器的频率信号的检测。该量化方法同样适用于石英晶体微天平(QCM)。
