A Method for Preparing Insecticide of Cabbage Worm Pieris rapae and Its Control Effects

[Objective]The paper was to study the field control effects of different formulae of plant extracts against cabbage worm Pieris rapae,and to provide a basis for promotion and application of insecticides in production.[Method]With the leaching solution of radix anemones rivularis,Artemisia carvifolia and Nicotiana rustica,and lime and salt water as the materials,field efficacy test was conducted for consecutive two years.[Method]When the mass ratios of radix anemones rivularis mother liquid,A.carvifolia mother liquid,N.rustica mother liquid,lime water and salt water were 4:2:2:1:1:6,4:2:0:1:1:8,4:0:2:1:1:8 and 0:4:2:1:1:8,the control effects were 82.7%-89.8%,38.3%-42.0%,41.0%-45.4%and 52.9%-56.4%,respectively.The insecticide showed the best control effect when the mass ratio of radix anemones rivularis mother liquid,A.carvifolia mother liquid,N.rustica mother liquid,lime water and salt water was 4:2:2:1:1:6.[Conclusion]The optimal formula has good control effect against P.rapae,and the technology has obtained national invention patent.

Control Efficiency of Four Biological Pesticides against Pieris rapae Linne and Their Impacts on Yield and Benefit of Chinese Cabbage

[ Objective] The paper was to screen out ideal biological pesticides, in order to provide guidance for pollution-free control against Pieris rapae Linne. [Method] Taking Chinese cabbage variety Taiyuan Erqing as the test material, the field control efficiencies of four pesticides including PrGV · Bt WP 1 000 times dilution, NPV · Bt SC 750 times dilution, 0.5% azadirachtin EC 750 times dilution, and 0.3% matrine AS 500 times dilution against P. rapae were studied, and their impacts on yield and planting benefits of Chinese cabbage were also determined. Using foliar spray method, the pesticides were sprayed for the first time when the second or third instar larvae of P. rapae first occurred in fields, and sprayed for the second time with the interval of 15 d. The fields sprayed with beta-cypermethrin EC （organic chemical pesticide） and water were set as control. [ Result] NPV · Bt SC 750 times dilution had the best effect after spraying for two times： the control efficiency against P. rapae at 15 d after spraying was 90.11% ; the damage rate of Chinese cabbage was only 0.21%, while the commodity rate reached 100% ; compared with chemical pesticide spraying, the commodity yield （177 262.5 kg/hm2 ） and the income after deducting spraying cost （48 858.5 yuan/hm2 ） were increased by 14.7% and 13.75%, respectively. [ Conclusion] Although biological pesticides are more expensive, they have long persistence and good control effect, resulting in green and safe Chinese cabbage with high commodity rate and yield, and higher eventual economic benefit after deducting spraying cost.

Field Efficacy Trials of Different Pesticides against Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella

Field efficacy trials of different pesticides against Pieris rapae and Plutella xylostella showed that seven pesticides had certain control effects against P.rapae and P. xylostella. 240 g/L Chlorfenapyr SC had the most ideal control effect,with quick effect and long persistence,and the control effects against P. rapae and P. xylostella were 91. 96% and 95. 73% after application for 7 d,respectively. 25% Thiamethoxam WDG 3 000 times dilution had the poorest control effect,and quick effect and persistence were not ideal; the control effects against P. rapae and P. xylostella were 49. 21% and 57. 20% after application for 7 d,respectively. The remaining pesticides had good control effect against both P. rapae and P. xylostella,with certain persistence. Slight injury such as yellowing tender leaves appeared in the area treated with 50% thiocyclam SP,although the injury was reversible,it was still not recommended to use; no other treatments had adverse effects on growth of cabbage.

5种药剂对永州地区菜青虫的防效研究

为筛选出有效防治菜青虫的杀虫方案,在永州地区选择5种流通较好的药剂开展了田间药效试验。结果表明,5种药剂对小白菜安全。10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺悬浮剂450 mL/hm^(2)处理对菜青虫防效较好,药后3、7 d的防效分别为80.76%和88.66%;2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂675 mL/hm^(2)处理药后3、7 d的防效分别为81.48%和85.39%;10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺悬浮剂337.5 mL/hm^(2)+2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂450 mL/hm^(2)处理药后7 d对菜青虫防效高达93.35%;1.8%阿维菌素乳油450 mL/hm^(2)处理可有效控制菜青虫,但速效性不高。2%苦参碱水剂和20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对菜青虫的防效一般。综合考虑药剂的速效性、持效性和安全性,建议使用10%溴虫氟苯双酰胺悬浮剂337.5 mL/hm^(2)+2.5%高效氯氰菊酯450 mL/hm^(2)来控制菜青虫,可轮换使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油337.5 mL/hm^(2)+2.5%高效氯氰菊酯450 mL/hm^(2),虫害发生较重时可适当提高用药浓度。

4.65%高氯·氟啶脲乳油防治菜青虫田间药效试验

通过 4 .6 5 %高氯·氟啶脲乳油对菜青虫的田间药效试验 ,结果表明 :4 .6 5 %高氯·氟啶脲乳油在药后第 1、3和 7d防效逐渐提高 ,至药后第 7d防效最好 ,6 0ml/ 6 6 7m2 最高防效为 96 76 % ,30ml/ 6 6 7m2 的最高防效为 93.5 5 % ,它兼有了高效氯氰菊酯的速效和氟啶脲的持效期长的优点。

杠柳根皮乙醇粗提液对菜青虫的拒食作用及其防治效果

测定了杠柳 (PeriplocasepiumBunge .)其根皮乙醇粗提液对菜青虫Pierisrapae (L .)的拒食活性 ,并进行了乙醇粗取液及其与氯氰菊酯混用防治菜青虫药效试验。生测结果表明 ,乙醇粗提液对菜青虫 4龄和 5龄幼虫具有较强的拒食活性 ,2 4h拒食中浓度分别为 1 3 2 0 8mg L和 1 1 96 3mg L ,且对拒食后试虫生长发育有严重的影响。药效试验结果显示 ,乙醇粗提液 1 0 0倍液及其混配制剂 1 0 0 0倍液对菜青虫具有较好的防治效果。温室处理后 5d ,杠柳乙醇粗提液 1 0 0倍液、混剂 1 0 0 0倍液的防虫效果与 1 0 %氯氰菊酯 1 0 0 0倍液效果相当 ;田间处理后 5d ,杠柳粗提液防虫效果虽然较差 ,但保叶效果仍达 60 %以上 ,而混剂的防虫和保叶效果均与氯氰菊酯效果相当。

三种植物性杀虫剂对菜青虫的毒效

为了解闹羊花素-Ⅲ,印楝素和鱼藤酮对菜青虫的作用方式,采用叶碟法和叶碟饲喂法,室内测定了这3种植物杀虫剂对菜青虫的非选择性拒食活性和毒杀活性.结果表明,0.1%闹羊花素-Ⅲ乳油对菜青虫的拒食活性和毒杀活性均强,而0.3%印楝素乳油和2.5%鱼藤酮乳油对菜青虫的拒食活性分别是毒杀活性的185.44倍和13.78倍.盆栽试验结果显示,0.1%闹羊花素-Ⅲ乳油2000～6000倍液对菜青虫有较好的毒杀和保叶效果,药后1～3d菜青虫的死亡率为92.45%～100%,第3天的保叶效果为96.63%～98.18%;0.3%印楝素乳油1000～2000倍液药后1d对菜青虫的毒杀作用效果较差,菜青虫死亡率仅为20.00%～34.00%,但第3天的保叶效果较好,为91.34%～96.13%;500～1500倍液2.5%鱼藤酮乳油对菜青虫的毒杀和保叶效果均差.

施用沼液防治菜青虫的试验研究

沼液作为一种广谱性的"生物农药",含有多种有机营养成分及抗病防虫作用,对多种害虫具有明显的防治效果。作者通过室内药效测定和盆栽药效试验,利用菜青虫(Pieris rapae L.)作为试验对象,对沼液防治菜青虫的效果进行了研究。试验结果表明,综合考虑杀虫效果和安全性,试验所用的5种药剂中,添加煤油和洗衣粉的沼液混合物(Ⅳ)是防治菜青虫最好的杀虫剂,在室内药效测定中药后24、72 h菜青虫的死亡率分别为70.00%和93.33%;在盆栽药效试验中药后1、3、5、7 d的防效分别为77.55%、88.35%、93.64%和96.52%。

25%甲维·毒死蜱水乳剂防治菜青虫田间药效试验

田间试验结果表明:25%甲维·毒死蜱水乳剂不同剂量对菜青虫2龄幼虫速效性好、持效期长,药后1～3d防效可达91.00%～100%,药后7d,对菜青虫的控制效果仍有87.05%～94.99%,与对照药剂甲维盐相近,极显著优于毒死蜱处理。25%甲维·毒死蜱水乳剂推荐用量为750mL/hm2(制剂用量),防治适期宜掌握在2龄幼虫前。

2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂防治芜菁菜青虫的田间药效

进行了2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂防治芜菁菜青虫田间小区药效试验,验证其防治效果,确定最佳剂量。结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂防治芜菁菜青虫的最佳用药量为有效成分11.3～15.0g/hm2,平均防效在90.4%以上。

几种杀虫剂防治甘蓝菜青虫药效试验

田间试验结果表明:4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油20 ml/667m2、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油20 ml/667m2、20%氰戊菊酯乳油30 ml/667m2、25%杀螨隆乳油40 ml/667m2、85%甲萘威可湿性粉剂65 ml/667m2、20%甲萘威@氰戊菊酯乳油50 ml/667m2等杀虫剂单剂和复配剂对甘蓝菜青虫具较好的防治效果,且持效期长,对蔬菜安全,药后2 d防效在88.52%~99.15%,药后7 d防效在94.25%~99.05%.

南瓜叶防治菜粉蝶幼虫的药效评价及成本分析

通过实验室研究和大田试验对收集自我国民间的土农药——南瓜叶榨取液防治芥蓝菜粉蝶幼虫的药效进行验证和经济方面的分析评价。实验室研究结果表明:南瓜叶榨取液防治菜粉蝶主要作用机制是抑制其取食,在12 h和24 h的取食抑制中浓度FRC50(Feeding Restrain Content)分别为511.321 4和484.344 1 mg.L-1;12 h和24 h菜粉蝶幼虫对浸渍过榨取液芥蓝叶片的非选择性拒食率和选择性拒食率分别为66.00%、57.75%和56.04%、56.52%。大田试验结果表明:在第2、5、7 d,榨取液对于芥蓝的保叶效果分别达到了48.17%、65.82%和70.46%;对虫害的防治效果分别达到了97.58%、86.98%和90.72%。经济分析结果显示:用土农药防治菜粉蝶,亩产芥蓝利润值最高,比不进行防治生产方式增加116.35元。

2.5%高效氯氟菊酯微乳剂防治菜青虫试验

田间试验结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟菊酯微乳剂对菜青虫具有较好的防治效果,每公顷用药300～600ml,药后7d防效达95%以上,优于对照农药2.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油.

三种植物性杀虫剂对菜青虫的田间药效评价

田间试验结果表明:0.1%闹羊花素-Ⅲ号乳油和0.3%印楝素乳油1000￣2000倍液,药后3￣7天对菜青虫的防效为98.13%￣100%,药后第10天的防效为82.43%￣90.69%,与对照药剂4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油2000倍液相当;2.5%鱼藤酮乳油500￣1000倍液对菜青虫亦有较好的防治效果,三种药剂对甘蓝的生长均没有影响。

0.1%闹羊花毒素防治菜青虫药效试验

试验结果表明 :0 .1%闹羊花毒素EC5 0 0倍的防效 ,药后 1、3、7、14d分别为 6 8.6 1%、84 .2 5 %、92 .5 6 %、90 .2 0 % ,明显优于对照药剂 4 0 %辛硫磷EC和B .t.乳剂的效果。

小菜蛾和菜粉蝶田间药效评价

为防治黑龙江省十字花科蔬菜的主要害虫,采用随机区组试验,小菜蛾药剂试验设4个处理,菜粉蝶药剂试验设5个处理,开展了小菜蛾及菜粉蝶药剂筛选试验。结果表明:甲维盐药后7 d小菜蛾防效87.0%,显著高于阿维菌素和Bt(P<0.05),筛选出小菜蛾高效低毒药剂为甲维盐;多效氯氟氰菊酯、康宽、甲维盐、Bt药后7 d菜粉蝶防效都在95%以上,这4种药剂均可作为防治菜粉蝶的药剂。

几种植物浸出液对菜青虫的田间防治效果

开发利用天然杀虫剂是当今科学界热点的课题之一。本试验采用苦楝、黄花蒿、银杏等三种植物浸出液对菜青虫进行田间防治。试验表明 ,三种植物浸出液对菜青虫的田间防治效果随着自身浓度的升高而升高 ,其中 ,苦楝 4倍液对菜青虫的防治效果最好 ,药后 1、2、3天的防效分别达 88.7%、87.9%和 88.7%。其他

CT—43乳剂防治几种蔬菜害虫的应用效果初报

应用CT—43双毒乳剂防治小菜蛾,菜青虫和豆荚螟有较好的防治效果。以500倍稀释液防治菜青虫的平均防效为93.9％,防治小菜蛾的平均防效为84.8％,防治豆荚螟的平均防效为83.2％,对棉铃虫的防治效果为86.5％。防治效果受虫龄和气温的影响较大。CT—43双毒乳剂对斜纹夜蛾高龄幼虫防治效果欠佳。

2.5%菜喜胶悬剂对甘蓝小菜蛾和菜青虫的防效

生物源杀虫剂2.5%菜喜胶悬剂防治甘蓝小菜蛾和菜青虫的田间药效试验结果表明,2.5%菜喜胶悬剂1 000、1 500、2 000、3 000倍液防治甘蓝小菜蛾和菜青虫的速效性好,药后第1 d的防效优于20%氰戊菊酯乳油2 000倍液和20%米满悬浮剂2 000倍液.以1 000倍液防效最好,药后第1天、第3天、第7天对小菜蛾的防效分别达91.42%、94.46%、92.77%,对菜青虫的防效分别达93.18%、96.06%、94.48%.示范结果表明,2.5%菜喜胶悬剂1 000倍液对小菜蛾的防效为89.74%～92.76%,对菜青虫的防效 90.19%～93.47%.从防效、成本等方面综合考虑,大面积示范推广该药剂的适宜剂量为1 000倍液.

20%氯氰·毒微乳剂防治甘蓝菜青虫田间药效试验

田间药效试验表明:施药后1d,20%氯氰·毒微乳剂30 mL/667m^2、40 mL/667 m^2、50 mL/667 m^2对甘蓝菜青虫的防效分别达78.36%、85.89%、94.00%;施药后3 d分别为83.99%、88.43%、95.39%;施药后7 d分别为89.44%、93.66%、98.35%。20%氯氰·毒微乳剂30～50 mL/667 m^2对甘蓝菜青虫防效高,对作物安全。