The Influence of Vulnerable Narcissism on Social Anxiety among Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Self-Concept Clarity and Self-Esteem

Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxiety in adolescents, specificallyfocusing on the mediating effects of self-concept clarity (SCC) and self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between vulnerablenarcissism and social anxiety. Through cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 982 students from threesecondary schools in two provinces. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealedthat there was a significant negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and both self-concept clarity and self-esteem,while there was a significant positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. Additionally, self-conceptclarity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem but had a negative correlation with social anxiety. Both selfconceptclarity and self-esteem played an intermediary role in the chain linking vulnerable narcissism to social anxiety. Thisstudy confirms the mediating role of both self-concept clarity and self-esteem in explaining how vulnerable narcissisminfluences social anxiety, providing valuable insights into its underlying mechanism.

A Study on the Influence of Social Media Use on Psychological Anxiety among Young Women

To explore the relationship between social influence,social comparison,clarity of self-concept,and psychological anxiety among young women during their usage of social networking sites,our study selected 338 young women aged 14-34 from the social site platforms of Little Red Book and Weibo for questionnaire surveys.The Passive Social Network Utilization Scale,Social Comparison Scale(SCS),Social Influence Questionnaire,Self-Concept Clarity Scale(SCCS),and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale(GAD-7)were employed to measure the subjects.Our results show that the frequency of passive social media use is positively related to the level of psychological anxiety.Social comparison,social influence,and unclear self-concepts under social media use are negatively predictive of psychological anxiety.The chain mediation effects indicate that social comparison and social influence under social media use negatively predict the clarity of self-concept,thus having a negative impact on the psychological health of young women.Therefore,young women should strengthen their self-concepts,control their frequency of social media usage,avoid addiction,and pay special attention to their frequency of passive use,in order to protect their psychological health.Our study provides some practical implications and insights regarding the relationship between young women’s social media use and psychological health.

A Review of the Research on English Pronunciation Self-concept

English pronunciation self-concept is a personal judgment based on pronunciation.It is English learners’self-perception as well as the judgment of their English pronunciation competence as well as pronunciation learning ability,which is formed as they develop their skills in pronunciation.A higher level of English pronunciation self-concept can promote students’self-assurance in foreign language learning.Through the analysis,this paper summarizes the scholars’studies about English pronunciation self-concept as follows:1)Formation and characteristics of English pronunciation self-concept;2)Relevance between English pronunciation self-concept as well as English learning.

On the Correlation between Self-concept and Educational Success

Ⅰ. Introduction “If the school is sensitive to the problems of less successful learners, if it takes steps within its organization, methodology and curriculum to meet their needs, and if individual progress is emphasized rather than achievement of norms and examination successes, the number of individuals whose learning difficulties become special educational needs may be minimized”(Fish, 1985,p26). As is suggested in this quotation, the 1980s witnessed

Addressing the Negative Self-Concept in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by a Three-Session Programme of Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification (CRIM-PTSD): A Case Study

Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive restructuring of core trauma-related dysfunctional beliefs and mental imagery. The effectiveness of CRIM-PTSD has recently been demonstrated in a pilot study. Method: This article presents a step-by-step description of the administration of CRIM-PTSD in a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffering from PTSD and major depressive disorder related to strong self-blame. Results: The intervention showed substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in the patient comparable to those observed in the pilot study. Conclusions: CRIM-PTSD might provide an economical tool for reducing PTSD symptoms when only a short time is available for intervention. Furthermore, this tool could be included in well-established PTSD treatments. In addition to the pilot study, a randomized controlled trial is needed to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this short intervention.

The role of the self-concept in the relationship of menstrual symptom attitudes and negative mood

Background: A relationship between symptom attitudes and negative affect has consistently been found in a range of different symptom domains. Little is known, however, about the role of different aspects of the self in this relationship. We explored the mediating role of interferences of symptom with the self-concept in the association of menstrual symptom attitudes and depressive mood. Methods: Eighty-one women completed an online survey on menstrual symptom attitudes, perceived interferences of symptoms with various self-aspects and negative mood states. We tested our hypothesis in a mediation analysis. Results: We found a complete mediation of the relationship of symptom attitudes and depressive mood by interferences of symptoms with self-aspects. However, interferences with self-aspects did not play a role in the association of anxious mood and symptom report. Conclusion: The self-concept should receive greater attention in research on symptom attitudes and psychological well-being. This would be particularly important in research on medically unexplained symptom report.

Quality of object relations modifies the effectiveness of short- and long-term psychotherapy on self-concept

The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.

The Presence of an Exercise Instructor or Group Members Affects Physical Self-Concept and Physical Self-Esteem: An Experimental Study in the Elderly

Background: Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem are important sources of general self-esteem and overall health. Evidence indicates that exercise leads to an enhancement in physical self-concept and physical self-esteem. Until now however, it remained unclear whether the beneficial effects of exercise were impacted by different types of exercise environments. Thus, the purpose of this study was to experimentally investigate, whether the presence or absence of an instructor or other group members influenced elder adults’ physical self-concept and esteem. Method: Participants were 46 women and 20 men (Mean age 65.4, SD = 4.36) who were randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups differing across two factors—group versus no-group and instructor versus no-instructor. Participants took part in an 8-week-walking program with a comparable number of training sessions across the four experimental groups. Physical self-concept and physical self-esteem were assessed both pre and post exercise intervention. Results: Descriptively, the highest improvement in physical self-concept and esteem were observed in the instructor/no-group and the no-instructor/group condition. Between these two conditions, no significant difference of change was observed. Moreover, no improvement was observed when both instructor and group were present. Conclusion: Effects of either instructor presence or group presence may be explained by mechanisms of social integration and social support. An unexpected absence of effects on self-concept and esteem under the instructor/group condition are explained with reference to an individual’s cognitive dissonance caused by the need to adapt to different exercise oriented goals or attitudes of the instructor and the group members which might hinder the positive development of the self.

Relationship between clinical performance and professional self-concept in critical care nurses

Objective:To determine the relationship between clinical performance and professional self-concept in critical care nurses.Methods:This study was conducted on 308 critical care nurses.Data gathering instruments were nurses’clinical performance questionnaire(NCPQ)and nursing professional self-concept measure(NPSCM).Independent sample t-test,one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA),and Pearson correlation coefficient were used for data analyses.Results:The average age of the nurses was 33.74±7.01 years.The clinical performance score of female nurses was significantly higher than male nurses.In the domain of clinical performance,clinical judgment and clinical inquiry had the highest and lowest scores,respectively.In the nurses’professional self-concept,the highest and lowest scores were awarded to the subscales of self-confidence and staff relations,respectively.In addition,there was a significant positive correlation between self-concept and clinical performance of nurses.Conclusions:Increasing professional self-concept improves the clinical performance of critical care nurses.Professional self-concept enhancement measures are recommended to improve the clinical performance of nurses in critical care units.

Self-concept and Marketing Strategies

This contribution of this paper is devoted to the research results in the field of self-expression and self-image of the individual in the world of information processing and cognition. Marketing strategies help make decisions that will help us to bring the subject to market activities. The current trend is a knowledge-based society, skills, abilities, information, storage, and transmission. Our marketing strategy focuses on four key issues： production, respectively service, price, distribution channels, and advertising. It is important to know how to develop an individual＇s current self-image. Implementation strategies are then engaged in transforming decisions into concrete action, meaning, and the decision has to be taken with regard to flexibility and acceptance. The sample consists of 4,420 respondents, men and women in three age groups： 0-15 years, 16-40 years, and 41-60 years. All responded to one question, ＂Where is your center？＂ Respondents had to show on their body. The question was chosen very sensitive, not to predict the answer. Terms soul, psyche, personality would be very manipulative, and therefore were excluded. In line with expectations, the majority of respondents have shown to their head, chest, and abdomen, but were also unconventional answers, in accordance with the preferred self-image and values of the individual. Lessons from research outputs were analyzed by the following processes： general description, item-total correlation, exploratory factor analysis of individual areas, and correlation analysis of individual items. It was found that medium correlations between area of body abdomen and age to 15 years were significant. Mean item-total correlation for areas of body were： Head was 0.35 and chest 0.43, and abdomen 0.22. In the descriptive statistics it was found that most respondents preferred the chest, followed by the head and abdomen. As for the distribution of respondents into three age groups, we found differences between men and women. Next, it was analyzed the relationship between the areas of the body and gender. Statistically significant differences were found on the chest, where women scored more than men, and it was also found significant differences in the abdominal area, where men scored more than women.

非英语专业学生英语语音水平与英语语音自我概念调查研究--以凯里学院为例

语音是语言的外壳,但是大多数非英语专业学生的英语语音不标准。并且,积极的英语语音自我概念有利于英语学习。为了提出相应的对策,本文调查了凯里学院非英语专业学生所面临的英语语音问题及其英语语音自我概念的现状,以期能对提高非英语专业学生的英语语音和英语语音自我概念有帮助。

Preventing Health Anxiety:The Role of Self-Evaluation,Sense of Coherence,Self-Rated Health and Perceived Social Support

Background:Components of Self,completed with the perceived social support determine the individual differences in theevaluation of a stressor and the behavioral responses toward it,such as health-related anxiety.The study set as a goal theanalysis of associations between the components of Self,such as self-evaluation,sense of coherence,perceived social support,and reported health-related anxiety in an adult sample.Methods:147 adults from the 18–73 age group(mean age 37.5)voluntarily completed the questionnaire through Qualtrics online platform containing the Short Health Anxiety Inventory,Core Self-Evaluation Scale,Social Support Assessing Scale,and one Health Self-Evaluation Item.Results:ANOVA foundrelevant differences in total scores and subscales’scores of the health anxiety scale depending on the positive self-evaluation.Linear regression shows that the analyzed variables were responsible for the prediction of a higher value on the“Perceivedprobability of becoming ill”subscale in a proportion of 45.6%and for the“Perceived consequence of illness”subscale in aproportion of 20.2%The predictive value of the linear regression model for the total score on the health anxiety scale was46.3%.Our findings show that negative Core Self-Evaluation is linked with perceived health anxiety.Conclusions:Selfevaluation,sense of coherence and perceived social support influence the perceived health and can explain the differences inthe reported health-related anxiety.

学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念及其影响因素的调查

目的通过对学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念及其影响因素的调查,为进一步进行心理行为干预提供参考。方法采用自制的问卷调查表及Piers-Harris儿童自我概念量表对166例学龄期癫痫患儿的自我概念水平进行调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果 166患儿中,女性患儿的行为、智力与学校、躯体与外貌、合群、幸福与满足及总分得分均高于男性(均P<0.05)。男、女性患儿的行为、焦虑、合群、总分得分及男性患儿的智力与学校、躯体与外貌、幸福与满足得分均低于国内常模(均P<0.05)。病程、性别、接受教育程度及入学年龄等均为学龄期癫痫患儿自我概念水平的影响因素。结论家庭、学校和医院应更多地关注学龄期癫痫患儿的自我概念水平,采取心理行为干预措施,提高患儿的自我概念水平,从而改善患儿的生存质量。

存在焦虑症状儿童自我意识及行为问题研究

目的了解存在焦虑症状儿童的自我意识及行为问题。方法采用Piers-harris儿童自我意识量表和Conners父母症状问卷对386例7～13岁儿童进行问卷调查。结果儿童焦虑症状检出率为25.65%,男性为26.87%,女性为24.32%。有焦虑症状儿童PHCSS行为、焦虑、合群分量表评分及总分显著低于对照组儿童(P<0.05),PSQ各因子评分均显著高于对照组儿童(P<0.01)。结论存在焦虑症状儿童的自我意识水平低,行为问题突出。应注重儿童焦虑倾向的预防和干预。

城乡学龄儿童的自我意识比较研究

目的 比较城乡学龄儿童自我意识之间的差异。方法 随机抽取 8～ 1 7岁城乡学龄儿童 842名 ,使用“Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表”进行调查。结果 农村组在“行为”和“焦虑”二个分量表的得分明显高于城市组 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;父母文化程度与儿童自我意识的“行为”、“智力”和“躯体外貌与属性”三个分量表得分相关。结论 该研究样本的城市学龄儿童更容易认为自己的行为不恰当 ,并表现出更多的情绪问题 (如焦虑、紧张 ) ;父母文化程度的不同也影响学龄儿童的行为表现。

寄宿小学生自我意识与行为问题的相关性研究

目的：探讨寄宿小学生的自我意识与行为问题的相关性。方法选取170名寄宿小学生和182名非寄宿小学生采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表及Achenbach儿童行为量表进行测评分析。结果寄宿小学生 Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表总分、焦虑、合群分量表得分和Achenbach儿童行为量表的社会能力总分显著低于非寄宿小学生（P＜0．05或0．01），行为问题总分及内向性行为问题、外向性行为维度得分显著高于非寄宿小学生（ P＜0．05或0．01）；相关分析显示，寄宿小学生Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表焦虑、合群分量表得分与Achenbach儿童行为量表内向性行为问题得分呈显著负相关（P＜0．01）。结论寄宿小学生负性的自我意识与内向性行为问题密切相关。

改善父母教养方式对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿自我意识的影响

目的：探讨改善父母教养方式对提高注意缺陷多动障碍患儿自我意识水平的临床效果。方法将60例注意缺陷多动障碍患儿随机分为两组，每组30例，两组均应用哌甲酯治疗，研究组在此基础上对患儿父母的教养方式进行有针对性地干预，干预12周，随访1 a。采用Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表对两组患儿的自我意识状况进行评定分析。结果随访1 a末，研究组Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表总分及行为、焦虑、幸福因子分较干预前显著升高（P＜0．01），且显著高于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论对注意缺陷多动障碍患儿在药物治疗的基础上，改善其父母教养方式能有效提高患儿的自我意识水平，显著优于单用药物治疗。

上海市闸北区初中生自我意识状况调查

目的：了解上海市闸北区初中生自我意识状况。方法抽取上海市闸北区2018名初中生采用Piers‐Harris儿童自我意识量表进行测评分析。结果入组初中生Piers‐Harris儿童自我意识量表总分为（52．83±12．62）分，自我意识偏低检出率为46．6％；不同性别初中生总分及行为、智力与学校、焦虑、合群因子分比较差异有极显著性（P＜0．01），不同年龄总分及行为、智力与学校、焦虑、幸福与满足因子分比较差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）；男生自我意识偏低检出率显著高于女生（P＜ 0．01），不同年龄初中生自我意识偏低检出率比较差异有极显著性（P＜0．01）。结论初中生自我意识偏低，存在性别及年龄差异，学校应予以有针对性的引导与教育。

广州地区听障儿童自我意识状况调查研究

目的了解广州地区听觉障碍儿童的自我意识状况。方法采用Piers-Harrisr儿童自我意识量表对广州某聋人学校的93名在校听觉障碍儿童进行测量及分析。结果①广州地区听障儿童17～20岁年龄段学生的自我意识总分显著高于13～16岁年龄段、10～12岁年龄段(F=2.753,P<0.05);在不同性别比较中,女生的合群分值显著高于男生(t=3.377,P<0.001);②与中国儿童常模相比,广州地区听障儿童的智力与学校分值显著较高(t=2.655,P<0.01),而行为、合群分值以及总分则低于中国儿童常模(t=3.992,P<0.001,t=2.935,P<0.01,t=2.200,P<0.05)。与湖南听障儿童相比,广州听障儿童在行为、智力与学校情况、焦虑、合群、幸福与满足分值以及自我意识总分均显著高于湖南听障儿童(t=3.673,P<0.001,t=2.016,P<0.05;t=3.596,5.751,4.195,4.936;P<0.001)。结论广州地区听障儿童自我意识总体状况与健康儿童相比有一定差距,但优于湖南地区听障儿童。广州地区听障男生存在较多自我意识问题。

团体心理治疗对农村留守儿童自我意识及自尊水平的影响

目的：探讨团体心理治疗对农村留守儿童自我意识及自尊水平的影响。方法对145名农村留守儿童（研究组）及75名农村非留守儿童（对照组）采用 Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表、儿童自尊量表进行测评分析，对研究组予以团体心理治疗，于治疗12周末再次测评。结果研究组治疗前各量表评显著低于对照组（ P＜0．05或0．01），行为问题检出率显著高于对照组（P＜0．05）；治疗后各量表评分均较治疗前显著升高（P＜0．05或0．01），行为问题检出率与对照组比较差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。结论留守儿童自我意识、自尊水平较低，团体心理治疗能明显提高留守儿童的自我意识、自尊水平，减少行为问题的发生。