Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development or adaptation of technologies, could improve the efficiency of rations and the productivity of intensive pig breeding in Burkina Faso.

Fermented liquid feed for pigs： an ancient technique for the future

Fermented liquid feed is feed that has been mixed with water at a ratio ranging from 1：1.5 to 1：4. By mixing with water lactic acid bacteria and yeasts naturally occurring in the feed proliferate and produce lactic acid, acetic acid and ethano which reduces the pH of the mixture. This reduction in pH inhibits pathogenic organisms from developing in the feed. In addition, when this low pH mixture is fed, it reduces the pH in the stomach of pigs and prevents the proliferation of pathogens such as coliforms and Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract. For piglets, the use of fermented liquid feed offers the possibility of simultaneously providing feed and water, which may facilitate an easier transition from sow＇s milk to solid feed. Secondly, offering properly produced fermented liquid feed may strengthen the role of the stomach as the first line of defense against possible pathogenic infections by lowering the pH in the gastrointestinal tract thereby helping to exclude enteropathogens. Finally, feeding fermented liquid feed to pigs has been shown to improve the performance of suckling pigs, weaner pigs and growing-finishing pigs. In this review, current knowledge about the use of fermented liquid feed in pig diets will be discussed. This will include a discussion of the desirable properties of fermented liquid feed and factors affecting fermentation. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of fermented liquid feed will be discussed including its effects on gastrointestinal health, intestinal pH and the types of bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract as well as the effects of fermented liquid feeds on pig performance.

Consuming fermented distillers＇ dried grains with solubles (DDGS) feed reveals a shift in the faecal microbiota of growing and fattening pigs using 454 pyrosequencing

The objective of this study was to investigate pig fed by Bacillus coagulans-fermented distillers＇ dried grains with solubles （DDGS） on the faecal microbial composition and diversity using 454 pyrosequencing. Healthy crossbred （Durocx Yorkshirex Landrace） growing and fattening pigs （n=48）, with an average initial body weight of 65 kg, were divided into two groups （24 replicates per group; four pens per group; six pigs per pen）, and given either DDGS feed as the control, or B. coagulans-fermented DDGS feed as the treatment. Faecal samples were collected on day 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. DNA was extracted, and the V3-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified. The fermented DDGS feed affected the relative abundance of bacteria populations at the phylum, genus, and species levels. At the genus level, the consumption of fermented DDGS feed led to higher relative abundances of faecal Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, and Bacillus, and lower relative abundances of faecal Escherichia, Ruminococcus, Dialister, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae than in the control. At the species level, the consumption of fermented DDGS feed led to higher relative abundances of faecal Prevotella sp., Lactobacillus johnsonii, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus mucosae, Lactobacillus reuteri, Clostridium butyricum, Bifidobacterium sp., and Roseburia sp., and lower relative abundances of faecal Prevotella copri, Escherichia coil, Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Dialister sp. than in the control. Principal coordinates analysis indicated a distinct separation in the faecal microbial communities of pigs that were fed the fermented and unfermented DDGS feed. Fermented DDGS feed significantly increased the average daily gain （ADG） of pigs, and significantly decreased the average daily feed intake （ADFI） of feed and feed/gain （F/G）. Thus, our results demonstrate a beneficial shift in the faecal microbiota of pigs consuming fermented DDGS feed, with potential applications in livestock production.

Effects on Growth Performance and Feed Digestibility of Hainan Black Pigs by Adding Lysine in Low Protein Diet

[Objective] The paper was to study the effects on growth performance and feed digestibility of Hainan black pigs by adding lysine in low prntein diet. [Method] A tntal of 36 Hainan black pigs with the body weight of （46.34±3.06） kg were randomly divided into three groups： con- trol group （protein level 15%, lysine level 0.83%）, experimental grnup 1 （protein level 13%, 0.83%）, and experimental group II （protein level 13%, lysine level 1.03）, each group had three replicates of four pigs. The trial lasted 35 d. [Result] The growth performance of Hainan black pig in grnup II had no significan! difference with that in contrail group （P〉0.05）. The apparent digestibility of chide protein and phosphorus of Hainan black pigs in Group II increased significantly （P〈0.05）, which were increased by 10.08% and 11.85% respectively compared to the control group; the apparent digestibility of calcium was increased, but the difference was not signifieant （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] It will not reduce the growth performance of Hainan blaek pig when the protein level of diet is reduced by 2% and Ihe lysine level is increased to 1.03%. It is recommended that the diet can be used in the production of llainan black pig.

Energy Saving on Distribution of Liquid Animal Feeds at Pigsty Farms

This paper focused on the task of reducing power consumption and improving energy efficiency in the technological process of distribution liquid feeds in a pigsty. The liquid feeds in a pigsty are distributed to the stables via pipelines. A centrifugal pump driven by an electric motor is used to supply the liquid feed and to move it through the pipeline. The electric motor is the major electric energy consumer in the process. As shown by experimental data and as following the theory, there is a non-linear relation between the electric motor power, the pump throughput and feed humidity. The purpose of the paper is to calculate such an optimal value of the electric motor power that provides the minimal energy consumption on the process of feed distribution. The problem is solved by the Lagrange multiplier method of nonlinear mathematical programming, taking into account geometrical parameters of the pipeline, humidity and portions volumes of distributed feed. The energy saving effect is estimated and reducing power consumption is shown.

Effect of Supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae into Low Quality Local-Based Feeds on Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Late Starter Local Pigs

The study aimed at evaluating the effect of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae into low quality local-based feeds on performance and nutrient digestibility of late starter to grower stage local pigs. There were total 16 late starter local pigs fed with four treatment feeds based on block design with four pigs in each treatment. The four treatment feeds offered consisted of： commercial starter feeds Charoen Pokphand 552 （To）, basal feeds ＋ yeast 2% of daily feeds requirement （T0, basal feeds ＋ yeast 4% of daily feeds requirement （T2） and basal feeds ＋ yeast 6% of daily feeds requirement （T3）. Feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, protein and crude fiber digestibility were evaluated in the study. The findings showed that supplementing S. cerevisiae into low quality local-based diet improved 0.9%-2.7% feeds＇ crude protein, 10%-19% feeds intake, 1%-6% daily weight gain, 3%-4% crude protein digestibility and 4%-5% crude fiber digestibility, but reduced feeds conversion efficiency by 0.3-0.4. The conclusion drawn is that supplementing S. cerevisiae （yeast） up to 6% improved performances of starter local pigs fed low quality feeds and performed the similar result with feeding commercial starter feeds Charoen Pokphand 552. Further research by widening the range and increasing the level of yeast supplementation could be done.

Effects of liquid feeding of corn condensed distiller's solubles and whole stillage on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory traits of pigs

Background： The immense growth in global bioethanol production has greatly increased the supply of by-products such as whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles, which could be potentially used for animal feeding. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of liquid feeding high levels of corn condensed distiller＇s solubles（CCDS） and whole stillage（CWS） on growth performance, carcass characteristics, belly firmness and meat sensory traits of pigs.Methods： A total of 256 pigs were blocked by sex and initial BW（13.5 ± 2.5 kg）, and pens of pigs（8 pigs/pen） were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments（8 pens/treatment）： 1） corn-soybean meal based diet as control, 2） 25%CWS ＋ 5% CCDS, 3） 19.5% CWS ＋ 10.5% CCDS, and 4） 19.5, 26, and 32.5% CWS ＋ 10.5, 14, and 17.5% CCDS in phases 1（28 d）, 2（38 d）, and 3（60 d）, respectively. Inclusion levels of CCDS and CWS for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were fixed during all the three phases of the experiment. Inclusion levels of CWS and CCDS were on 88% dry matter basis. The liquid feeding system delivered feed from the mixing tank to feed troughs by high-pressure air, had sensors inside feed troughs, and recorded daily feed intake on the basis of a reference feed intake curve. The pigs were fed 5 to 10 times per day with increasing frequency during the experiment.Results： Control pigs had greater（P 0.10） dressing percentage, loin muscle depth, and lean percentage were observed among the four treatments. Inclusion of CWS and CCDS reduced（P 0.10） the overall like,flavor, tenderness and juiciness of loin chops when compared with the control group.Conclusion： In conclusion, our results indicate that including 30–50% of a mixture of whole stillage and condensed distiller＇s solubles in the growing-finishing diets may reduce growth performance, carcass weight and belly firmness, but does not affect pork sensory traits.

Effect of Complete Feed Feeding Level and Morning Glory on Growing Pig Performance

A total of 60 castrated male pigs (Yorkshire x Duroc, initially 17.36 kg) were used in a 42-day trial to evaluate the effect of complete feed feeding level and morning glory on growth performance of growing pigs. Pigs were allotted to pens and randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: A) completed feed fed ad libitum;B) complete feed fed at 75% of intake of treatment A, and C) treatment B with ad libitum availability of morning glory. The design was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five pens (replications) of each treatment with four pigs per pen. Average daily feed intake (dry matter basis) was higher (P < 0.001) for pigs fed treatment A (1420 g/d) compared to treatment B (1048 g/d) as expected, with treatment C intermediate (1178 g/d;1048 g/d complete feed + 130 g/d morning glory). Average daily weight gain of pigs fed ad libitum was greater (P < 0.001) than pigs restricted fed with pigs which provide morning glory intermediate (871, 674 and 714 g, respectively). Feed efficiency improved (P < 0.024) for pigs fed the restricted feed level compared to pigs fed complete feed ad libitum or pigs restricted fed but provided morning glory (1.63, 1.56 and 1.65, respectively). For economics, feeding complete feed ad libitum improved (P < 0.001) income over feed cost compared to restricted feeding or providing morning glory (USD 41.48, 33.42, and 33.89/pig, respectively). In conclusion, feeding growing pigs a complete diet ad libitum resulted in the greatest growth rate and profitability. Offering morning glory (Ipomoea. aquatica) to pigs fed a restricted level of complete feed did improve final body weight, but the extra cost of feeding morning glory offset this advantage resulting in similar profitability on an income over feed cost basis.

Effects of corn gluten feed inclusion at graded levels in a corn-soybean diet on the ileal and fecal digestibility of growing pigs

Background： This study aimed to determine the effect of the inclusion of corn gluten feed （CGF） on the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of protein and amino acids and the apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of energy in growing pigs. The study was performed using 16 barrows （weight, 45.3 ±4.5 kg） that were fitted with a T cannula at the terminal ileum. There were four treatments： a corn-soybean diet without CGF and three corn-soybean diets containing increasing levels of CGF （65, 130, and 195 g/kg）. Data were analyzed according to a randomized complete block design, four blocks with four pigs each （one pig per treatment）. The trend of the response （linear or quadratic） was determined using orthogonal contrasts, and when a linear effect was determined, a linear equation was obtained. Results： The results showed that the inclusion up to 195 g/kg of CGF in the corn-soybean diet did not diminish the ileal digestibility （apparent and standardized） of protein and amino acids （P 〉 0.05）, except that of phenylalanine, cystine, and proline. A linear decrease （P 〈 0.05） per gram of CGF added to the diet in the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility of phenylalanine （0.011 and 0.015 percentage units, respectively）, cystine （0.048 and 0.043 percentage units, respectively）, and proline （0.045 and 0.047 percentage units, respectively） was noted. Similarly, ileal digestibility of dry matter and energy were adversely affected （reduced by 0.028 and 0.025 percentage units, respectively, per gram of CGF increment in the diet）. A significant （P 〈 0.05） linear reduction in total tract digestibility with increase in CGF amount in the diet was observed for energy （0.027 percentage units）, dry matter （0.027 percentage units）, crude protein （0.020 percentage units）, and neutral detergent fiber （0.041 percentage units） per gram of CGF added to the diet. Conclusion： CGF did not affect the ileal digestibility of protein and most amino acids but reduced the ileal and total tract digestibility of energy.

Feeding Effect of Growing-Finishing Pigs under Fine Division of Feeding Stages

In order to study the feeding effect of fine division of feeding stages on the growing-finishing pigs,96 healthy Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire hybrid commercial pigs with similar age in days,size,and body weight about 15 kg,half boars and half sows,randomly divided into3 treatments( each treatment repeated 4 times,and each repetition 8 pigs). According to the body weight division standard,three stages,four stages,and five stages of feeding were adopted separately. The daily ration of with different nutrition levels was used,body weight and feed consumption were measured,and effects of different feeding methods on body weight increase,feed utilization,and economic benefits of growing-finishing pigs. The results showed that compared with the three-stage feeding,the body weight of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased by 4. 18%( P < 0. 01) and 2. 41%( P < 0. 05),respectively,and the body weight of five-stage feeding increased by 1. 74%( P < 0. 05) compared with that of four-stage feeding; the daily feed consumption of five-stage and four-stage feeding increased 3. 10%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 70%(P <0. 01),respectively,and the daily feed consumption of five-stage feeding was 1. 37% higher than that of four-stage feeding. The feed cost of five-stage feeding and four-stage feeding increased 3. 32%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 61%( P < 0. 05) separately,and the feed cost of five-stage feeding was 1. 69% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P < 0. 01). The income from average body weight increase of five-stage and fourstage feeding increased by 5. 47%( P < 0. 01) and 3. 59%( P < 0. 01) respectively,and the benefit of average body weight increase of fivestage feeding was 1. 81% higher than that of four-stage feeding( P > 0. 05). The crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage and four-stage feeding decreased by 2. 28%( P < 0. 01) and 1. 68%( P < 0. 01),respectively; the crude protein consumption from average body weight increase of five-stage feeding was 0. 67% lower than that of four-stage feeding; the feed conversion ratio of five-stage feeding,four-stage feeding,and three-stage feeding was 2. 92,2. 93,and 2. 95 respectively. The results showed that compared with the threestage feeding,the four-stage and five-stage feeding could significantly increase the body weight of the growing-finishing pigs,improve the feed utilization level and improve the economic benefits,and the effect of five-stage feeding was better than the four-stage feeding.

液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究液态饲喂杂粕型饲粮对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率、血清炎性因子及粪便短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)含量的影响。选取平均体重为(30.00±4.26)kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交猪126头,随机分为3组,每组7个重复,每个重复6头猪。试验Ⅰ组饲喂豆粕型颗粒饲粮;试验Ⅱ组饲喂杂粕型颗粒饲粮(由双低菜籽粕、玉米胚芽粕、喷浆玉米皮及米糠替代部分豆粕和玉米组成);试验Ⅲ组饲喂杂粕型液态饲粮,即在杂粕型饲粮的基础上加入2.7倍的水,混合均匀后饲喂。各组饲粮营养水平基本一致。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)试验全期,与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别降低了2.29%和5.33%(P>0.05),料重比提高了3.40%(P>0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组平均日采食量和平均日增重分别提高了7.04%(P<0.05)和6.32%(P>0.05)。2)试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组干物质、总能和粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.01),粗脂肪、磷和粗灰分消化率显著低于试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组间各养分消化率均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验Ⅲ组粪便丁酸含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P>0.05)。4)与试验Ⅰ组相比,试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血清抗炎因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)含量极显著提高(P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组血清促炎因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量显著提高(P<0.05);与试验Ⅱ组相比,试验Ⅲ组血清IL-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和TNF-α含量有一定程度降低但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。综上可知,与豆粕型颗粒饲粮相比,杂粕型颗粒饲粮会降低生长猪采食量和养分消化率,提高血清炎性因子含量,而通过液态方式饲喂杂粕型饲粮可改善饲粮适口性,提高生长猪采食量,降低血清促炎因子IL-1β含量,对养分消化率无改善作用。

低蛋白质低豆粕多元化饲粮是养猪节粮增效的关键技术

通过补充适宜种类和数量的工业合成晶体氨基酸,低蛋白质饲粮可以精准满足猪快速生长所需的氨基酸营养需求,避免蛋白质饲料浪费及减少粪、尿氮排放。低蛋白质低豆粕多元化饲粮是以低蛋白质饲粮生产技术为基础,依据各种能量饲料和蛋白质饲料的可利用养分等,配制的原料种类多、养分互补性强、营养平衡度高的低豆粕饲粮。低蛋白质低豆粕多元化饲粮可有效增强猪对饲粮中营养物质的消化、吸收和沉积,降低饲粮中豆粕、玉米等原料的用量,对节粮增效及提高养猪效率具有重要意义。本文从研究与应用进展、对生猪养殖效率的影响、合成氨基酸与天然氨基酸效率对比、氨基酸数量需求情况及产能等方面分析,综述了猪低蛋白质低豆粕多元化饲粮技术、应用效果及前景,以期为相关研究及应用工作提供一定的参考和帮助。

肉桂醛在猪生产中的应用研究进展

随着全球范围内对抗生素在畜牧业中使用的严格限制,寻求安全有效的替代物成为动物生产领域的重要课题。植物源性抗菌物质因其天然、安全、环保的特点而备受关注。其中,肉桂醛作为一种来自肉桂精油的活性成分,因其显著的生物学活性而在猪生产中显示出巨大的应用潜力。文章分析了肉桂醛的抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节活性,回顾了肉桂醛在猪生产中的应用研究进展,探讨其在促进生长性能、改善肠道健康、优化生长环境和防治疾病等方面的实践效果与作用机制。在生长性能方面,添加肉桂醛的饲料能够提高猪的平均日增重和饲料转化率,从而为生产者带来经济效益。在改善肠道健康方面,肉桂醛能够通过维持肠道微生态平衡和增强肠道屏障功能,降低腹泻等肠道疾病的发生。在优化生长环境方面,肉桂醛的使用减少了有害气体的排放,改善了养殖环境的质量。在防治疾病方面,肉桂醛的应用也展现出积极的作用。未来需要进一步研究肉桂醛的作用机制,以更好地理解和利用其在猪生产中的生物学功能,并且要积极开展更多的临床试验验证其在不同养殖环境和猪品种中的有效性及安全性。文章旨在为相关领域的研究人员和生产者提供有益的参考,并为肉桂醛在猪生产中的进一步研究和应用奠定坚实的基础。

中药渣发酵饲料对荣昌猪生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化指标和免疫指标的影响

试验研究了中药渣发酵饲料对荣昌猪生长性能、腹泻率、血清免疫指标和生化指标的影响。选择30只2月龄体重相近[(22.6±1.9)kg]且健康的荣昌猪作为试验对象,将其随机分为2组,每组15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加20%的补中益气散药渣发酵饲料,试验期为60 d。在试验期间监测荣昌猪生长性能与腹泻率,在试验结束后,采集其血清,检测血清免疫指标和生化指标。试验结果显示:与对照组相比,中药渣发酵饲料组的荣昌猪总增重量显著升高,料重比与腹泻率明显下降(P<0.05);中药渣发酵饲料显著增加了荣昌猪的球蛋白(GLB)与总蛋白(TP)水平,降低尿素氮(BUN)、总胆固醇(TG)、三酰甘油(TC)含量(P<0.05),同时增加血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA与IgM水平,降低血清中的白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度(P<0.05)。研究表明,中药渣发酵饲料可提高荣昌猪的生长性能,增强免疫功能,改善荣昌猪的机体健康。

减少猪场臭气生成的饲粮配制技术与养殖技术研究进展

随着养殖规模和集约化程度的不断提高,养殖场产生的臭气严重危害人畜健康和周边生态环境,臭气污染问题备受关注。解决猪场臭气污染的重要途径之一是减少臭气物质产生,而改进饲粮技术和养殖技术是减少猪场臭气物质生成的关键技术措施。本文综述了猪场臭气组成及产生途径、猪场中关键致臭物质及筛选方法、有效减少臭气生成的饲粮技术和养殖技术,旨在为加强猪场臭气方面的基础研究及减排技术的推广提供参考,进一步推进养猪业的高质量发展。

发酵泔水生产育肥猪用生物饲料的研究与应用

以泔水为主要原料,采用桶式固态厌氧发酵生产育肥猪用生物饲料,成功解决了泔水营养物的储存、保质和安全卫生等关键问题。经过5 d发酵,物料的pH低于3.8,保质期可以达到20 d左右,大肠杆菌的残留量低于3.0 CFU/g,完全符合饲料的卫生安全要求。用碳酸钠调节发酵泔水的pH至4.5~5.0,然后与常规配合饲料以2∶3的比例均匀混合,育肥猪的生长速度和饲料转化效率都优于对照的配合饲料,猪肉品质也完全符合国家安全卫生要求。与传统处理工艺相比,不仅改善了养殖场的卫生环境、降低了劳动强度,而且还有很好的经济效益。

饲料桑对生长肥育猪营养物质消化率及生长性能的影响

文章旨在研究饲料桑对生长肥育猪营养物质消化率及生长性能的影响。试验选择均重(19.74±0.34)kg的三元杂交猪200头,按随机原则分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复10头猪。根据猪的体重、饲养试验分为3个阶段,各阶段为45、32和24 d。试验日粮分别在基础日粮中添加0%、3%、6%和9%的饲料桑。试验全期,添加6%和9%的饲料桑组生长猪的平均日增重分别显著提高5.89%和5.43%(P<0.05),料重比分别显著降低5.83%和5.15%(P<0.05);此外,饲料桑对全期和各生长阶段生长猪采食量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。20~50 kg阶段,添加6%和9%的饲料桑组生长猪粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙和磷的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);50~80 kg阶段,添加6%和9%的饲料桑组生长猪钙和磷的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),添加6%的饲料桑组磷的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05);80~110 kg阶段,添加6%和9%的饲料桑组生长猪粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、钙的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。总之,本试验结果表明,饲料桑可通过促进养分吸收提高生长猪生长性能,以6%的饲料桑添加量最佳。

猪复合预混合饲料中铜、锌含量及合规性分析

研究旨在分析猪复合预混合饲料中铜、锌微量元素含量的合规性。通过对2018—2021年在广西地区采集的1322批次猪复合预混合饲料,采用GB/T13885—2017《饲料中钙、铜、铁、镁、锰、钾、钠和锌含量的测定原子吸收光谱法》对饲料中的铜、锌元素的含量进行测定。结果表明,部分样品中铜、锌元素含量超出农业部公告第2625号《饲料添加剂安全使用规范》中的最高限量值。猪复合预混合饲料中铜、锌元素含量超过农业部公告第2625号中的最高限量的情况应高度重视。

仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料有效能的准确性及可加性研究

旨在探讨仿生消化法估测生长猪饲料原料消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)和净能(NE)的准确性和可加性,为快速获得生长猪饲料的有效能值提供参考。采用单因素完全随机设计,以生长猪仿生消化法测定12个能量饲料、9个蛋白质饲料,以及由上述21个饲料原料配制的17个饲粮的酶水解物能值(EHGE),每个处理5个重复,每个重复1根消化管。通过EHGE、粗蛋白(CP)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)估测DE、ME及NE值。比较饲料原料有效能(DE、ME、NE)估测值与GB/T 39235-2020中同本研究同名的17个饲料原料的能量利用率乘以总能(GE)实测值得出的体内有效能值的差异及相关性,以验证仿生消化法估测饲料有效能的准确性。根据饲料原料的有效能估测值计算饲粮有效能加权值,并根据饲粮EHGE估测有效能的数学模型获得饲粮的有效能值,比较两者的差异以验证仿生消化法估测饲料有效能值的可加性。结果表明,采用GB/T 39235-2020计算的17个饲料原料的DE、ME、NE对EHGE结合CP、ADF估测的有效能值线性回归模型的决定系数(R2)分别为0.774,0.778和0.870。回归诊断分析发现,米糠、小麦麸和玉米胚芽粕偏离了其他14个饲料原料样品体内值与估测值的线性关系■。剔除上述3个样品后,GB/T 39235-2020计算的体内有效能对估测值线性回归的决定系数高于0.93。17个试验饲粮的EHGE实测值对加权计算值,DE、ME和NE的估测值对加权计算值的线性回归与Y=X重叠(R2>0.95,P<0.01)。上述结果表明,仿生消化法可以满意地估测14个饲料样品的有效能值,但低估了米糠和小麦麸的有效能值,却高估了玉米胚芽粕的DE和ME。仿生消化法测定的EHGE及通过EHGE估测的DE、ME、NE均具有良好的可加性。

贵州典型蛋白原料的回肠末端生物学效价评定及减量替代豆粕的适宜性

【目的】评定贵州典型蛋白原料在生长猪中的养分生物学效价,为合理利用蛋白原料减量替代猪日粮中豆粕,降低饲料成本提供科学依据。【方法】选取成功完成直肠吻合和十二指肠“T”瘘管手术的试验猪6头,完全随机分成2组,每组3头,每头1个重复,单头单笼饲养,采用活动尼龙袋法评定贵州典型蛋白质饲料原料鱼粉、豆粕、双低菜籽粕、黄豆、普通菜籽粕、DDGS(玉米酒精糟)和棉籽粕的回肠末端生物学效价。【结果】贵州典型蛋白饲料原料鱼粉、豆粕、双低菜籽粕、黄豆、普通菜籽粕、DDGS和棉籽粕的粗蛋白(CP)、有机质(OM)、粗脂肪(EE)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)和粗纤维(CF)常规养分回肠末端表观消化率分别为56.98%~79.81%、64.45%~82.69%、72.83%~87.34%、45.06%~55.65%、53.04%~61.42%和13.02%~19.48%。7种蛋白饲料原料氨基酸的回肠末端表观消化率为51.49%~93.90%,标准消化率为54.36%~96.23%。原料养分CP和EE与回肠末端表观消化率的相关模型分别为y=0.49x+45.05(R^(2)=0.6049)和y=0.855x+72.95(R^(2)=0.8687)。豆粕氨基酸含量与其回肠末端表观和标准消化率的相关模型分别为y=0.0068x+61.60(R^(2)=0.6001)和y=0.0059 x+66.44(R^(2)=0.6532)。【结论】综合成本和氨基酸回肠末端标准消化率,DDGS适合用于猪饲料豆粕减量替代。