This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It...This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It was carried out in December 2020 in the Physics laboratory of the University of N’Zérékoré. The anaerobic digestion process took 25 days in an almost constant ambient temperature of 25˚C. Five digesters were loaded on 12/06/2020, two of which with 1 kg of pig dung and 1 kg of cow dung both in mono-digestion. The 3 other digesters in co-digestion with different proportions of pig manure and cow dung. The substrate in each digester is diluted in 2 liters of water, with a proportion of (1/2). The main results obtained are: 1) the evolution of the temperature and pH during digestion process, 2) the average biogas productions 0.61 liters for (D1);1.20 liter for (D2);1.65 liter for (D3);1.51 liter for (D4) and 1.31 liter for (D5). The cumulative amounts of biogas are respectively: D1 (7.95 liters), D2 (15.60 liters), D3 (21.50 liters), D4 (19.65 liters) and D5 (17.05 liters). The total cumulative production is 81.75 liters at the end of the process. The originality of this research work is that the proposed model examines the relation between the daily biogas production and the variation of temperature, pH and pressure. The combustibility test showed the biogas produced during the first week was no combustible (contains less than 50% methane). Combustion started from the biogas produced from the 15th day and it is from the 20th day that a significant amount of stable yellow/blue flame was observed. The results of this study show the combination of pig manure and cow dung presents advantages for optimal biogas production.展开更多
·AIM:All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the only extrinsic biochemical candidate known to date that could act as a growth controller,the aim of this study was to investigate the expression cellular retinoic acid bin...·AIM:All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the only extrinsic biochemical candidate known to date that could act as a growth controller,the aim of this study was to investigate the expression cellular retinoic acid binding proteins I (CRABP-I) and retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) in retina of the guinea pig eyes with experimental myopia.·METHODS:Ninety guinea pigs aged 14 days were equally and randomly divided into three groups:form deprivation (FD),-5D lens,and control.The diffusers for FD were white translucent hemispheres,and-5D lenses were used to introduce hyperopic defocus.Refraction was measured with streak retinoscopy after cycloplegia,and axial length was calculated with Cinescan A/B ultrasonography.Retina harvested at different time points were used to measure RA level with HPLC and expressions of cellular retinoic acid binding proteins I (CRABP-I) and RA receptor-β (RAR-β) were assayed with Western blot and Real-time PCR.SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.·RESULTS:Up-regulations of CRABP-I and RAR-β in ocular tissues correlated with changes in the refractive status and growth rate of the guinea pig eye (P <0.05).14 days of monocular form-deprivation led to-5.14D myopia and a 0.281mm axial elongation;14 days of monocular defocus produced-3.64D myopia and a 0.163 mm axial elongation.The level of retinal RA started to elevate in 7 days (P <0.05) after visual manipulation in both FD and-5D lens groups and became more prominent by 14 days (P <0.01).The expressions of CRABP-I and RAR-β increased by 14 days after visual manipulation (P <0.05),the mRNA level of RAR-β,however,increased by 7 days after visual manipulation (P <0.05),which suggested that changes of expressions of CRABP-I and RAR-β might lag behind the change of RA.·CONCLUSION:The levels of CRABP-I and RAR-β were elevated in retina of the guinea pig eye with experimental myopia.During the progression of experimental myopia,the retinal RA level increased rapidly,and there might be a positive feedback between the increase of RA and up-regulation of RAR-β.·展开更多
AIM： To evaluate bacteriocinogeny in short-term highdose indomethacin administration with or without probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 （EcN） in experimental pigs.METHODS： Twenty-four pigs entered the study： ...AIM： To evaluate bacteriocinogeny in short-term highdose indomethacin administration with or without probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 （EcN） in experimental pigs.METHODS： Twenty-four pigs entered the study： Group A （controls）, Group B （probiotics alone）, Group C （indomethacin alone） and Group D （probiotics and indomethacin）. EcN （3.5 × 10^10 bacteria/d for 14 d） and/or indomethacin （15 mg/kg per day for 10 d） were administrated orally. Anal smears before and smears from the small and large intestine were taken from all animals. Bacteriocin production was determined with 6 different indicator strains; all strains were polymerase chain reaction tested for the presence of 29 individual bacteriocinencoding determinants. RESULTS： The general microbiota profile was rather uniform in all animals but there was a broad diversity in coliform bacteria （parallel genotypes A, B1, B2 and D found）. In total, 637 bacterial strains were tested, mostly Escherichia coli （E. coli. There was a higher incidence of non-E：, coli strains among samples taken from the jejunum and ileum compared to that of the colon and rectum indicating predominance of E. coil strains in the large intestine. Bacteriocinogeny was found in 24/77 （31%） before and in 155/560 （28%） isolated bacteria at the end of the study. Altogether, 13 individual bacteriocin types （out of 29 tested） were identified among investigated strains. Incidence of four E. coli genotypes was equally distributed in all groups of E. coil strains, with majority of genotype A （ranging from 81% to 88%）. The following types of bacteriocins were most commonly revealed： colicins Ia/Ib （44%）, microcin V （18%）, colicin E1 （16%） and microcin H47 （6%）. There was a difference in bacteriocinogeny between control group A （52/149, 35%） and groups with treatment at the end of the study： B： 31/122 （25%, P = 0.120）; C： 43/155 （28%, P = 0.222）; D： 29/134 （22%, P = 0.020）. There was a significantly lower prevalence of colicin Ib, microcins H47 and V （probiotics group, P 〈 0.001）, colicin E1 and microcin H47 （indomethacin group, P 〈 0.001） and microcins H47 and V （probiotics and indomethacin group, P = 0.025） compared to controis. Escherichia fergusonil （E. fergusoniO was identi-fled in 6 animals （6/11 isolates from the rectum）. One strain was non-colicinogenic, while all other strains of E. fergusonii solely produced colicin El. All animals started and remained methanogenic despite the fact that EcN is a substantial hydrogen producer. There was an increase in breath methane （after the treatment） in 5/6 pigs from the indomethacin group （C）. CONCLUSION： EcN did not exert long-term liveabilib/ in the porcine intestine, All experimental pigs remained methanogenic, Indomethacin and EcN administered together might produce the worst impact on bacteriocinogeny.展开更多
文摘This present research work focuses on the valorization of pig droppings for production of biogas in mono digestion and co-digestion with proportions of cow dung from the urban commune of N’Zérékoré. It was carried out in December 2020 in the Physics laboratory of the University of N’Zérékoré. The anaerobic digestion process took 25 days in an almost constant ambient temperature of 25˚C. Five digesters were loaded on 12/06/2020, two of which with 1 kg of pig dung and 1 kg of cow dung both in mono-digestion. The 3 other digesters in co-digestion with different proportions of pig manure and cow dung. The substrate in each digester is diluted in 2 liters of water, with a proportion of (1/2). The main results obtained are: 1) the evolution of the temperature and pH during digestion process, 2) the average biogas productions 0.61 liters for (D1);1.20 liter for (D2);1.65 liter for (D3);1.51 liter for (D4) and 1.31 liter for (D5). The cumulative amounts of biogas are respectively: D1 (7.95 liters), D2 (15.60 liters), D3 (21.50 liters), D4 (19.65 liters) and D5 (17.05 liters). The total cumulative production is 81.75 liters at the end of the process. The originality of this research work is that the proposed model examines the relation between the daily biogas production and the variation of temperature, pH and pressure. The combustibility test showed the biogas produced during the first week was no combustible (contains less than 50% methane). Combustion started from the biogas produced from the 15th day and it is from the 20th day that a significant amount of stable yellow/blue flame was observed. The results of this study show the combination of pig manure and cow dung presents advantages for optimal biogas production.
基金Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30530770)Scientific Research Program of Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau, China (No.054072)
文摘·AIM:All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the only extrinsic biochemical candidate known to date that could act as a growth controller,the aim of this study was to investigate the expression cellular retinoic acid binding proteins I (CRABP-I) and retinoic acid receptor-β (RAR-β) in retina of the guinea pig eyes with experimental myopia.·METHODS:Ninety guinea pigs aged 14 days were equally and randomly divided into three groups:form deprivation (FD),-5D lens,and control.The diffusers for FD were white translucent hemispheres,and-5D lenses were used to introduce hyperopic defocus.Refraction was measured with streak retinoscopy after cycloplegia,and axial length was calculated with Cinescan A/B ultrasonography.Retina harvested at different time points were used to measure RA level with HPLC and expressions of cellular retinoic acid binding proteins I (CRABP-I) and RA receptor-β (RAR-β) were assayed with Western blot and Real-time PCR.SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis.·RESULTS:Up-regulations of CRABP-I and RAR-β in ocular tissues correlated with changes in the refractive status and growth rate of the guinea pig eye (P <0.05).14 days of monocular form-deprivation led to-5.14D myopia and a 0.281mm axial elongation;14 days of monocular defocus produced-3.64D myopia and a 0.163 mm axial elongation.The level of retinal RA started to elevate in 7 days (P <0.05) after visual manipulation in both FD and-5D lens groups and became more prominent by 14 days (P <0.01).The expressions of CRABP-I and RAR-β increased by 14 days after visual manipulation (P <0.05),the mRNA level of RAR-β,however,increased by 7 days after visual manipulation (P <0.05),which suggested that changes of expressions of CRABP-I and RAR-β might lag behind the change of RA.·CONCLUSION:The levels of CRABP-I and RAR-β were elevated in retina of the guinea pig eye with experimental myopia.During the progression of experimental myopia,the retinal RA level increased rapidly,and there might be a positive feedback between the increase of RA and up-regulation of RAR-β.·
基金Supported by Research project MZO 00179906 from the Ministry of Health of the Czech RepublicSupported by institutional support from the Czech Republic(MSM0021622415)Supported by research grants GAR 305/080535 and NS9665-4/2008(Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)
文摘AIM： To evaluate bacteriocinogeny in short-term highdose indomethacin administration with or without probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 （EcN） in experimental pigs.METHODS： Twenty-four pigs entered the study： Group A （controls）, Group B （probiotics alone）, Group C （indomethacin alone） and Group D （probiotics and indomethacin）. EcN （3.5 × 10^10 bacteria/d for 14 d） and/or indomethacin （15 mg/kg per day for 10 d） were administrated orally. Anal smears before and smears from the small and large intestine were taken from all animals. Bacteriocin production was determined with 6 different indicator strains; all strains were polymerase chain reaction tested for the presence of 29 individual bacteriocinencoding determinants. RESULTS： The general microbiota profile was rather uniform in all animals but there was a broad diversity in coliform bacteria （parallel genotypes A, B1, B2 and D found）. In total, 637 bacterial strains were tested, mostly Escherichia coli （E. coli. There was a higher incidence of non-E：, coli strains among samples taken from the jejunum and ileum compared to that of the colon and rectum indicating predominance of E. coil strains in the large intestine. Bacteriocinogeny was found in 24/77 （31%） before and in 155/560 （28%） isolated bacteria at the end of the study. Altogether, 13 individual bacteriocin types （out of 29 tested） were identified among investigated strains. Incidence of four E. coli genotypes was equally distributed in all groups of E. coil strains, with majority of genotype A （ranging from 81% to 88%）. The following types of bacteriocins were most commonly revealed： colicins Ia/Ib （44%）, microcin V （18%）, colicin E1 （16%） and microcin H47 （6%）. There was a difference in bacteriocinogeny between control group A （52/149, 35%） and groups with treatment at the end of the study： B： 31/122 （25%, P = 0.120）; C： 43/155 （28%, P = 0.222）; D： 29/134 （22%, P = 0.020）. There was a significantly lower prevalence of colicin Ib, microcins H47 and V （probiotics group, P 〈 0.001）, colicin E1 and microcin H47 （indomethacin group, P 〈 0.001） and microcins H47 and V （probiotics and indomethacin group, P = 0.025） compared to controis. Escherichia fergusonil （E. fergusoniO was identi-fled in 6 animals （6/11 isolates from the rectum）. One strain was non-colicinogenic, while all other strains of E. fergusonii solely produced colicin El. All animals started and remained methanogenic despite the fact that EcN is a substantial hydrogen producer. There was an increase in breath methane （after the treatment） in 5/6 pigs from the indomethacin group （C）. CONCLUSION： EcN did not exert long-term liveabilib/ in the porcine intestine, All experimental pigs remained methanogenic, Indomethacin and EcN administered together might produce the worst impact on bacteriocinogeny.
