Morphological and ISSR molecular markers reveal genetic diversity of wild hawthorns (Crataegus songorica K. Koch.) in Xinjiang, China

The wild hawthorn species, Crataegus songorica K. Koch., is an important wild germplasm resource in Xinjiang, China that has been endangered in recent years. The genetic diversity of C. songorica K. Koch. germplasm in five populations from Daxigou, Xinjiang, China were evaluated based on phenotypic traits and ISSR molecular markers to provide basic infor- mation on resource protection, rational utilization and genetic improvement. The F-value for the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of the 33 traits measured ranged from 0.266 to 15.128, and mean value was 13.85%. The variation among populations was found to be lower than that within population. A total of 303 loci were detected within the five populations by 12 primers. Within 298,polymorphic loci, the polymorphism was 98.35%, showing a high genetic diversity in C. songorica K. Koch. The gene diversity within population, total population genetic diversity, genetic differentiation coefficient and gene flow were 0.2779, 0.3235, 0.1408, and 3.0511, respectively. Our results showed that C. songorica K. Koch. from Xinjiang has a high level of genetic diversity at both the phenotypic and molecular levels. Significant genetic differentiation existed within population and the differentiation trend showed a regional association. And in this study, in situ and ex situ conser- vation approaches were raised for wild hawthorn protection utilization.

准噶尔山楂叶总黄酮的超声波提取及抗氧化研究

[目的]为准噶尔山楂叶的综合利用和深度开发提供一定的参考。[方法]利用超声波法提取准噶尔山楂叶中的总黄酮,用总黄酮提取率作为衡量提取工艺的指标,对影响超声波提取的多个因子进行单因素、正交试验分析。[结果]准噶尔山楂叶中的总黄酮的超声波提取最佳条件为:乙醇浓度80%,提取温度50℃,提取时间50 min,提取功率75 W,总黄酮的得率高达84.50%;影响总黄酮得率的主次因素依次为:乙醇浓度>提取时间>提取功率>提取温度。[结论]准噶尔山楂叶总黄酮有较强的清除自由基能力,表现出明显的抗氧化性。

大孔树脂纯化准噶尔山楂色素的研究

研究大孔吸附树脂纯化准噶尔山楂色素的条件,通过方差分析确定纯化条件。结果表明:X-5树脂吸附和解吸附效果较好,最佳吸附条件是树脂柱径高比1:15、流速3 mL/min、pH3.0、色素液浓度1 g/L;以95%乙醇做洗脱剂、pH2.0、流速5mL/min、3倍于柱床体积的洗脱剂条件下解吸附效果最佳。制取的色素产品外观呈紫红色,色价为28.43。

准噶尔山楂色素提取和精制工艺研究

本文对准噶尔山楂色素的提取和精制工艺进行了研究，结果表明：准噶尔山楂色素的最佳提取条件是浸提剂pH3．0的85％乙醇，提取温度25℃，提取时间2h和固液比1：30；用X-5大孔吸附树脂对色素进行精制，以树脂柱径高比1：15、流速3．0mlMmin、pH3．0和色素液浓度1．0g/L为最佳吸附条件，而以95％乙醇做洗脱液，在pH2．0、流速5．0mIMmin和3倍于柱床体积的洗脱条件下解吸附效果最佳；色素色价为28．43。

准噶尔山楂残渣多糖对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠的影响

研究准噶尔山楂残渣中的多糖对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的影响。采用水提醇沉法从准噶尔山楂残渣中提取多糖,对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠灌胃不同剂量(200、400、800 mg/kg)的多糖,测定小鼠肝、脑组织及血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活力、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidative capability,T-AOC)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,并观察肝、脑组织病理形态学变化。结果表明:与模型组相比,多糖高剂量组小鼠肝组织和血清中GSH-Px活力显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);脑组织和血清中T-AOC显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.05);肝、脑组织和血清中MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多糖中、高剂量组小鼠肝索结构完整,肝细胞内无明显脂肪空泡;海马区神经元结构较为清晰,细胞排列整齐。因此准噶尔山楂多糖对D-半乳糖引起的小鼠衰老有一定抑制作用,这为新疆特有植物准噶尔山楂的高效利用提供了依据。