The Study of a Simple Pine-Oil Based Laboratory Prepared and Commercial Detergents Using Conductivity Measurements

Detergents are very important substances in everyday life as they are used in laundry services. This manuscript reports the study of the commercial and laboratory prepared pine oil-based detergents employing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) phenomenon using conductivity measurements. The two samples showed the CMC values of 0.0725 g/cm3 and 0.0920 g/cm3 for laboratory and commercial samples respectively. The effect of ionic strength was investigated using NaCl and it demonstrated a drop of CMC value of about CMC by 40% (laboratory sample) and 70% (commercial sample) while the equi-molar naphthalene increased the CMC values by about 50% (laboratory sample) and 12% (commercial sample) relative to their corresponding values under distilled water. The combined effect of equi-molar NaCl and naphthalene lowered the CMC by 5% (laboratory sample) and 30% (commercial sample). These differences could signify the superiority of the laboratory sample in that it is somehow buffered against drastic changes in the CMC under different conditions. The relationship between conductivity and the CMC values does not show sufficient linearity (R2 < 0.8403) suggesting different mechanisms of interactions between NaCl and naphthalene. Overall, the results are gratifying to the small-scale manufacturer who supplied the preparation protocol for laboratory sample preparation, in two respects: they inspire some degree of confidence in his product as well as enabling the manufacturer to employ the same protocol for his quality control practices as such improve product consistency and hence profitability.

皮蛋加工相关机理研究进展

皮蛋是我国独创的传统蛋制品,加工历史悠久,但有关皮蛋加工形成机理的研究却相对薄弱,这已成为阻碍进一步开展皮蛋技术改进研究的瓶颈。本文对皮蛋加工形成过程中金属调控、风味形成、强弹性蛋白凝胶形成、色泽形成、松花形成等机理的研究进展进行总结,分析相应存在的问题并提出研究展望。

α-松油醇的提取纯化与稳定性实验

目的建立从油松节挥发油中提取分离高纯度α-松油醇的方法,考察α-松油醇的稳定性。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取油松节中的挥发油成分,利用硅胶柱色谱法,纯化挥发油,用石油醚∶乙酸乙酯(20∶1)进行等度洗脱,得较高纯度的α-松油醇。利用高温、强光照处理方法,考察α-松油醇的稳定性。结果分离提纯得α-松油醇纯度>95.0%,α-松油醇应该避光低温储存。结论该方法可靠,操作简便,可以用于油松节药材中α-松油醇的提取。

真空/加压浸渍法制备二氧化硅/生物质碳复合材料

二氧化硅/生物质碳复合材料是溶胶-凝胶/碳热还原法制备生物质多孔碳化硅陶瓷的关键。以尺寸为60mm×18mm×5mm的松木为原材料,在105℃下干燥24h,在不同真空/加压条件下浸渍二氧化硅溶胶,经过干燥和循环浸渍在松木孔道中填充二氧化硅凝胶,将二氧化硅凝胶/松木复合材料在500℃氮气气氛下碳化2h,制备出二氧化硅/生物质碳复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)对二氧化硅/生物质碳复合材料的形貌和结构进行表征,详细研究了浸渍压力和循环次数对二氧化硅/生物质碳复合材料结构的影响。

脱脂松仁粕中球蛋白的提取工艺及其SDS–PAGE分析

以脱脂松仁粕为原料,采用Osborne法提取松仁粕中的球蛋白,设NaCl质量分数(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%)、料(质量,g)液(体积,m L)比(1∶10、1∶15、1∶20、1∶25、1∶30、1∶35)、提取时间(30、60、90、120、150、180 min)和提取温度(40、45、50、55、60、65℃)4个单因素试验,再用响应面法优化松仁粕中球蛋白的提取工艺,并对其分子量进行分析。结果表明:当NaCl质量分数为2.5%,料液比为1∶15,提取时间为150 min,提取温度为56℃时,松仁粕中球蛋白的提取率较高,为15.32%;SDS–PAGE分析结果表明,脱脂松仁粕球蛋白的分子量为41 320、27 520、21 690、16 310、15 180。