Analysis on characteristics of extreme precipitation indices and atmospheric circulation in Northern Shanxi

This article utilizes daily precipitation data from 28 national meteorological stations in northern Shanxi Province spanning from 1972 to 2020,and the US NCEP/NCAR monthly average reanalysis and ERA5 monthly average reanalysis data.The study employs techniques such as empirical orthogonal function(EOF)decomposition,MannKendall mutation and other methods to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of extreme precipitation index in northern Shanxi and their correlation with atmospheric circulation.The research results show that:the absolute index,relative index,intensity index and sustained dry period index(CDD)in the continuous index appear from southwest to northeast.The spatial distribution characteristics of the central region decrease,while the continuous wet period(CWD)decreases from the central to the east and west.The three indices Rx1day,Rx5day,and CWD mutated in 1978,1975,and 1983 respectively,and other extreme precipitation indices all appeared in a sudden change from a low-value period to a high-value period occurred around 2010.In the high-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index,there is a significant negative anomaly in the height field in the mid-high latitude regions of Eurasia.Northern Shanxi is controlled by a broad low-pressure trough in the Lake Baikal area.Water vapor transported via the east,west,and south routes converges in the northern Shanxi region and encounters cold air from the north.There is a strong upward motion anomaly at 500 hPa in the troposphere,and the dynamic conditions of upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence lead to more summer extreme precipitation in the northern Shanxi region.Conversely,in the low-value years of the summer extreme precipitation index,northern Shanxi is affected by a strong high-pressure ridge north of Lake Baikal.There is a downward motion anomaly at 500 hPa,and the northern Shanxi region lacks water vapor.The cold and warm air cannot converge,and both the water vapor conditions and dynamic conditions are poor,which is not conducive to the production of extreme precipitation in northern Shanxi.

Explore the Magic of Shanxi Province with Wukong

China's first triple-A video game "Black Myth:Wukong" has not only made waves in the global gaming industry,but has also brought the allure of Chinese culture to the world stage.Inspired by the classic novel"Journey to the West",the game was filmed at 36 scenic spots in China,with up to 27 of these locations being in Shanxi Province.

Theoretical Research and Practical Application of the Rural Cultural Enhancement by Creative Designs Under Rural Vitalization-A Case Study of Shanxi Province

To revive the nation,the rural area must be revitalized.Every regional cultural and creative industry has its own development path and practical mode.From the perspective of rural revitalization,this paper conducts research on the development model of cultural and creative design,and analyzes the significance of the integration of creative design with rural regional culture.Based on the current situation of rural cultural and creative development in Shanxi Province,this study proposes to form a brand communication chain through the integration between cultural design and rural culture,and the establishment of cultural and creative brands,furthermore,to establish trending topics through multiple channels.Finally,the important practical significance of cultural and creative design in promoting rural economic development and enhancing rural culture value is discussed in this design strategy,so as to actively help the new journey of rural revitalization.

Traveling to Shanxi to Experience the Cultural Changes of the Yellow River

From July 12 to 18,2023,the Yellow River Tourism Overseas Promotion Season 2023 launched the"Shanxi Overseas Promotion Week",presenting the Shanxi Intangible Cultural Heritage Craftsmanship Video and Shanxi Cultural Tourism Promotional Video to the global public.

The Modernization of Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism Leading to the High-Quality Development of Shanxi Tourism

In the new era,we should balance the relationship between preservation and development,deeply integrate Shanxi's Intangible Cultural Heritage resources with tourism,promote the creative transformation and innovative development of Intangible Cultural Heritage resources,and push forward the high-quality development of Shanxi tourism in the process of Intangible Cultural Heritage modernization.

Genetic Structure of Three Populations of Oxya chinensis in Shanxi,China

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to analyze genetic structure of three populations of Oxya chinensis from Shanxi Province,China.Four allozyme polymorphic loci (MDH-1,MDH-2,LDH,ME) were found.The data suggest that two populations of O.chinensis about 41 kilometers apart are genetically similar,but differentiated from the third population with a geographic distance of 357 kilometers.However,the heterozygosity levels of those two genetically similar populations were much different.The Nei's genetic distance between two geographically close populations is 0.068,which is much smaller than those of geographically distant populations (0.23 in average).The observed overlap of geographical distance and genetic distance implies that for O.chinensis population divergence may correlate with geographic isolation.

Study on inelastic attenuation coefficient, site response and source parameters in Shanxi region

Based on 310 horizontal-component digital seismograms recorded at 14 seismic stations in Shanxi Digital Seis-mograph Network, the inelastic attenuation coefficient in Shanxi region is studied. By the methods of Atkinson and Moya, the site response of each station and several source parameters are obtained and the inversion results from both methods are compared and analyzed. The frequency-dependent inelastic attenuation coefficient Q is estimated as Q( f )=323.2 f 0.506. The site responses of 14 seismic stations do not show significant amplification, which is consistent with their basement on rock. We also found the dependence of corner frequency on seismic moment, seismic moment on stress drop, source radius on stress drop.

Study on Germplasm Resources of Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) in Shanxi Province

This study analyzed the tartary buckwheat recorded in the books Catalogue of Crop Germplasm Resources in Shanxi Province and Catalogue of Chinese Buckwheat Germplasm Resources by Excel 2003 and DPS 7.5 from the aspects of distribution areas,main agronomic traits and nutritional components,so as to lay a foundation for the selection of excellent buckwheat germplasm resources and improvement of buckwheat varieties.The results showed that different buckwheat varieties vary in plant height,node number of the main stem,grain weight per plant,grain weight per plant and kilo-grain weight.Compared with the national average values,buckwheat in Shanxi is higher in protein and fat,but lower in vitamin E and vitamin PP;it is rich in Ca,Mg,Cu,P,Se,Fe,Mn and Zn;and it contains 18 amino acids with the content of glutamic acid being the highest and the content of tryptophane being the lowest.After analyzing and classifying the tartary buckwheat germplasm resources recorded in Catalogue of Grop Germplasm Resources in Shanxi Province and Catalogue of Chinese Buckwheat Germplasm Resources,breeders could breed new varieties with high yield and quality and strong stress resistance by crossbreeding with these germplasm resources.

Study on the crust-mantle structure in the central and southern parts of Shanxi

Another comparative interpretation was conducted with respect to the data from 5 DSS profiles in the central and southern parts of Shanxi, leading to the conclusion that in Linxian, Linfen and Xingtai earthquake regions, through which the five profiles pass, there exist anomalous crust mantle structure and abyssal crustal faults extending to Moho, all being regarded as the deep indications for earthquake occurrence.

The down-faulted basin zone and high disaster risk zone in Shanxi Province, China

Shanxi Province is a region with frequent occurrence of earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards, and agrobiohazards in China. The study shows that the formation and development of the down-faulted basin zone in Shanxi Province provides an available condition for preparation and occurrence of these hazards, so that the basin zone becomes an area with frequent occurrence of the hazards, such as earthquakes, floods and waterlogging, meteorological and geologic hazards and agrobiohazards in Shanxi and with their most serious interaction and mutual intensification. Moreover, the basin zone is an area with dense population and most concentrated industrial and agricultural productions and social-economic property in Shanxi. The comprehensive effect of the two factors caused the zone to be a high natural disaster risk area in Shanxi. For reduction of natural disasters and ensuring the sustainable social-economic development in Shanxi, it is necessary to regard the basin zone as an important area for disaster reduction in Shanxi and to carry out integrated disaster reduction.

Studies on adaptability of Populus bolleana and other Poplar trees in northwest Shanxi Province

Through five years (1996-2000) experiment, the growth characteristics and resistance to insect and cold of the seven poplar varieties including P. po pularis, P. opera, P. pseudo-simonii, P. beijinensis, P. bolleana, P. ( eurameri cana and P. simonii, which were planted in loess hilly land in northwest Shanxi Province, were tested under different planting densities and site conditions. A randomized block design and three times repetition were adopted in the test. Bas ed on the test results in arid and cold area of the northwest Shanxi, the hybrid poplar trees taking Populus cathaysna as their female parent could be selected for afforestation, such as P. popularis and P. opera, and the growing space of s ingle plant should be larger than 20 m2. P. bolleana as an introduced tree speci es grows well in this area, but its growth is likely affected by ground water co ndition. On the site with relatively abundant soil water, P. bolleana usually su ffer from frost crack at its trunk base. As a result, P. bolleara is suited to p lanting in the site where is short of soil water. P. x euramericana is not suita ble for large-scale afforestation, especially in arid slopes and ridges of loess hilly land .

Favorable lithofacies types and genesis of marine- continental transitional black shale: A case study of Permian Shanxi Formation in the eastern margin of Ordos Basin, NW China

Based on core description,thin section identification,X-ray diffraction analysis,scanning electron microscopy,low-temperature gas adsorption and high-pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry,the shale lithofacies of Shan23 sub-member of Permian Shanxi Formation in the east margin of Ordos Basin was systematically analyzed in this study.The Shan23 sub-member has six lithofacies,namely,low TOC clay shale(C-L),low TOC siliceous shale(S-L),medium TOC siliceous shale(S-M),medium TOC hybrid shale(M-M),high TOC siliceous shale(S-H),and high TOC clay shale(C-H).Among them,S-H is the best lithofacies,S-M and M-M are the second best.The C-L and C-H lithofacies,mainly found in the upper part of Shan23 sub-member,generally developed in tide-dominated delta facies;the S-L,S-M,S-H and M-M shales occurring in the lower part of Shan23 sub-member developed in tide-dominated estuarine bay facies.The S-H,S-M and M-M shales have good pore struc-ture and largely organic matter pores and mineral interparticle pores,including interlayer pore in clay minerals,pyrite inter-crystalline pore,and mineral dissolution pore.C-L and S-L shales have mainly mineral interparticle pores and clay mineral in-terlayer pores,and a small amount of organic matter pores,showing poorer pore structure.The C-H shale has organic mi-cro-pores and a small number of interlayer fissures of clay minerals,showing good micro-pore structure,and poor meso-pore and macro-pore structure.The formation of favorable lithofacies is jointly controlled by depositional environment and diagen-esis.Shallow bay-lagoon depositional environment is conducive to the formation of type II2 kerogen which can produce a large number of organic cellular pores.Besides,the rich biogenic silica is conducive to the preservation of primary pores and en-hances the fracability of the shale reservoir.

Anomalies of geophysical field in deep crustand earthquakes in Central-South Shanxi

Comprehensive studies on the crustal structures, the anomalies of geophysical field and the seismicity in Central-South Shanxi are conducted. The research results show that there are deep tectonic background for occurring moderate earthquakes in Lingshi-Jiexiu region between Linfen and Taiyuan. From now on, the region should be attached closely.

Investigation and analysis of leveling deformation anomaly at Daixian station in Shanxi

The leveling measurements at Daixian station appeared increasing trend since March 25, 2013, which is credible, showing normal fault activity. According to the environmental survey, it contains some interference factors： first, the wind is big when the leveling measures in the afternoon, which has certain influence on the measurement results, but the impact is random and should be near the base value and not appear a trend. Second, the point BM3 was maintained during Sep. to Oct. in 2012 and occurred cracks in 2013, showing that the poor stability around the point. In addition, the change of recorded program is only to change the way of data record and can not affect the observation results during the same period.

Seismic characteristics near the epicenter of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake, Shanxi Province and its implication

In this paper, we calculated the seismic pattern of instrumental recorded small and moderate earthquakes near the epicenter of the 1303 Hongtong M=8 earthquake, Shanxi Province. According to the spatial distribution of small and moderate earthquakes, 6 seismic dense zones are delineated. Temporal distribution of ML2 earthquakes since 1970 in each seismic dense zone has been analyzed. Based on temporal distribution characteristics and historical earthquake activity, three types of seismicities are proposed. The relationship between seismic types and crustal medium is analyzed. The mechanism of three types is discussed. Finity of strong earthquake recurrence is pro-posed. Seismic hazard in mid-long term and diversity of earthquake disaster in Shanxi seismic belt are discussed.

Protection and Development of Famous Historic and Cultural Cities Guided by Tourism Culture Geography:A Case Study of Ancient Pingyao City

By introducing cultural landscape theories and attaching importance to practical application of theories, this paper analyzed protection and development of ancient Pingyao City under the guidance of relevant theories. Taking Pingyao for example, application of theories in practices will be better understood, and the role of human geography in urban planning reflected. Referring to the protection and development cases of famous historic and cultural cities, this paper analyzed historical and cultural context, and spatial environment of Ancient Pingyao City from the perspectives of culture and geography, and proposed suggestions for the protection and development of ancient city under the guidance of human geography theories.

Status and circulation characteristics of soil water in dryland field of southeast Shanxi Province

Based on the observed soil water data from experimental site located in southeast of Shanxi Province, the physical characteristics of soil water, crop effect on soil moisture, and the field water circulation pattern were studied by using the water balance method. The results suggested that soil water deficit often exists in fields of these areas. From May to June, the amount of water deficit in bare land rises to the maximum (232 8 mm) and falls to the minimum (66 6 mm) from August to September. By comparison, because of crop transpiration, both soil water deficit and dry soil layer in cultivated land are 15 1—40 4 mm more and 20—70 mm deeper respectively than those of bare land. Crops mainly planted in these areas have a relatively weak utilization ability to soil water. Winter wheat has the highest utilization ability to soil water among the crops planted in these areas. The soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is 26 2%—30 6% and winter wheat can use soil water that lies in soil layer below a depth of over 200 cm. Spring corn and millet can only consume soil water with the maximum ability of 13 4% and the deepest layer of 0—50 cm or 0—100cm, which shows that the soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is higher than that of spring crops. After crop is ripe, more than 41% of available soil water remains unused in field. So, increasing soil water storage and improving crop utilization ability to soil water by adopting efficient agrotechnique measures are the main ways for improving agricultural productivity in dry farming areas of Northern China.

The Analysis of Pingyao Ancient Town Street Spaces and View Spots Reachability by Space Syntax

The Pingyao ancient town is one of the four largest ancient cities in China. This study analyzes street spaces characteristic and view spots reachability of the Pingyao ancient town using space syntax. Then, it is concluded that the integration and reachability of street spaces are relatively higher in the northern ancient town;the accessibility among street spaces is relatively higher in the northeastern ancient town;and most of the ancient town street spaces are very open. Furthermore, the reachability of 14 view spots and their 4 corresponding street spaces is relatively higher in the 20 view spots and their 9 corresponding street spaces. Finally, some suggestions are presented to the tourism development of Pingyao ancient town based on the above conclusions.

LOCAL PRODUCTS AND SPECIALITIES FROM SHANXI

SHANXI MATUREVINEGAR Vinegar is an indispensable condimentin people’s daily life.In cooking,add somevinegar to the vegetables to protect the vitaminsin them from being spoiled,and vinegar canbe used in cooking fish and meat to

Analysis on the Architectural Characteristics of Three-religion-hall in Southeast Shanxi

The thought of "three religions in one" was an important spiritual belief in ancient China,and it has become a common practice in the society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.At present,there are a large number of three-religion-hall in southeast Shanxi.Based on the field investigation and literature review,this paper focuses on analyzing the characteristics of three-religion-hall in southeast Shanxi in site selection,architectural space and decorative art,and expounds the architectural art and cultural value of three-religion-hall in southeast Shanxi.