In description logic,axiom pinpointing is used to explore defects in ontologies and identify hidden justifications for a logical consequence.In recent years,SAT-based axiom pinpointing techniques,which rely on the enu...In description logic,axiom pinpointing is used to explore defects in ontologies and identify hidden justifications for a logical consequence.In recent years,SAT-based axiom pinpointing techniques,which rely on the enumeration of minimal unsatisfiable subsets(MUSes)of pinpointing formulas,have gained increasing attention.Compared with traditional Tableau-based reasoning approaches,SAT-based techniques are more competitive when computing justifications for consequences in large-scale lightweight description logic ontologies.In this article,we propose a novel enumeration justification algorithm,working with a replicated driver.The replicated driver discovers new justifications from the explored justifications through cheap literals resolution,which avoids frequent calls of SAT solver.Moreover,when the use of SAT solver is inevitable,we adjust the strategies and heuristic parameters of the built-in SAT solver of axiom pinpointing algorithm.The adjusted SAT solver is able to improve the checking efficiency of unexplored sub-formulas.Our proposed method is implemented as a tool named RDMinA.The experimental results show that RDMinA outperforms the existing axiom pinpointing tools on practical biomedical ontologies such as Gene,Galen,NCI and Snomed-CT.展开更多
Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers.People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food,water,transport,and many other aspects of their daily lives.Unfortunately,human beings have no...Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers.People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food,water,transport,and many other aspects of their daily lives.Unfortunately,human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today.The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks,magazines,atlases and encyclopedias,etc.To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world,the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper.The lengths of the Nile,Amazon,Yangtze,Mississippi,Yellow,Ob,Yenisey,Amur,Congo and Mekong,with lengths over or close to 5000 km,were calculated using the proposed method.The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.42050103,62076108,and U19A2061).
文摘In description logic,axiom pinpointing is used to explore defects in ontologies and identify hidden justifications for a logical consequence.In recent years,SAT-based axiom pinpointing techniques,which rely on the enumeration of minimal unsatisfiable subsets(MUSes)of pinpointing formulas,have gained increasing attention.Compared with traditional Tableau-based reasoning approaches,SAT-based techniques are more competitive when computing justifications for consequences in large-scale lightweight description logic ontologies.In this article,we propose a novel enumeration justification algorithm,working with a replicated driver.The replicated driver discovers new justifications from the explored justifications through cheap literals resolution,which avoids frequent calls of SAT solver.Moreover,when the use of SAT solver is inevitable,we adjust the strategies and heuristic parameters of the built-in SAT solver of axiom pinpointing algorithm.The adjusted SAT solver is able to improve the checking efficiency of unexplored sub-formulas.Our proposed method is implemented as a tool named RDMinA.The experimental results show that RDMinA outperforms the existing axiom pinpointing tools on practical biomedical ontologies such as Gene,Galen,NCI and Snomed-CT.
基金supported by China High-Tech Research and Development Project(863 Project)the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Special Funds of Director General of Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,Chinese Academy of Sciences,the Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences of Chinathe Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing of China and Earth&Space Awards of the Earth and Space Foundation.
文摘Cultures throughout the world are associating with the rivers.People depend upon the rivers and their tributaries for food,water,transport,and many other aspects of their daily lives.Unfortunately,human beings have not calculated the accurate lengths for the great rivers even today.The lengths of the rivers are very different in popular textbooks,magazines,atlases and encyclopedias,etc.To accurately determine the lengths of the principal rivers of the world,the combination of satellite image analysis and field investigations to the source regions is proposed in this paper.The lengths of the Nile,Amazon,Yangtze,Mississippi,Yellow,Ob,Yenisey,Amur,Congo and Mekong,with lengths over or close to 5000 km,were calculated using the proposed method.The results may represent the most reliable and accurate lengths of the principal rivers of the world that are currently achievable.
