A study was conducted to evaluate the cultivable filamentous fungal diversity in organic layers (L, F, and H layers) and A1 layer of two main forest types, Pinus massoniana and Liguidambar formasana mixed forest and Q...A study was conducted to evaluate the cultivable filamentous fungal diversity in organic layers (L, F, and H layers) and A1 layer of two main forest types, Pinus massoniana and Liguidambar formasana mixed forest and Quercus variabilis forest, in Zijin Mountain(325?N, 11848?E), Nanjing, China. A total of 67 taxa comprising 56 Deuteromycetes, 3 Zygomycetes, 5 Asco-mycetes and 3 unidentified fungi were recognized from samples from the forest floor of the two forest types. The most abundant group was Deuteromycetes. The dominant genera in both forests were Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma spp. The fungal diversity was higher in the mixed forest than that in Q. variabilis forest. For both forest types, the maximum fungal diversity was found in layer F and there existed significantly different in fungal diversity between layer F and layer L. In the mixed forest, richness of fungi isolated from needle litter (P. massoniana) was lower than that from leaf litter (L. formasana). The richness of fungi from needle litter increased with the in-crease of forest floor depth, but for leaf litter, the fungal diversity decreased with the depth of forest floor. The co-species of fungi from the two forest types, as well as from two kinds of litters in mixed forest, increased with the depth of the forest floor. The succession of fungi along with the process of decomposition was discussed here. The results also showed that litter quality was a critical factor affecting fungal diversity.展开更多
Since forestation of pure forest of Pinus massoniana is liable to suffer from pest calamity, soilerosion, decrease of soil fertility, and difficulty in wood production in the hilly areas of southern China, weconducted...Since forestation of pure forest of Pinus massoniana is liable to suffer from pest calamity, soilerosion, decrease of soil fertility, and difficulty in wood production in the hilly areas of southern China, weconducted an investigation on the three types of forests in Gaoan County of Jiangxi Province, namely, thepure forest of Pinus massoniana, the pure forest of Schima superba, and the mixed forest consisting of thetwo species, setting up standard stand, measuring and studying the growing stock, biomass, leaf area, roots,soil, vegetation, pests, litters, soil erosion, microclimate, etc., with the following results. ① The averageheight, diameter at chest height, and volume of the mixed forest are higher than those of the pure forest ofPinus massoniana by 30.9%, 31.7% and 10.6%, respectively. ② The biomass of the mixed forest is 2.24times as much as that of the pure forest of Pinus massoniana. ③ The litters of the mixed forest is 3.37 timesand 1.96 times as much as the litters of the pure forest of Pinus massoniana and the pure forest of Schimasuperba respectively. ④ The occurrence of pest calamity per tree is lower and the conditions of soil erosionand microclimate are better than those of the pure forest of Pinus massoniana. ⑤ The mixed forest of the twospecies is an excellent mixed type of needle-leaf and deciduous forest worth being popularized in Chinassubtropical areas, especially in the low hilly areas. It is recommended in plantation that the mixed patterns bebetween trees, lines, small blocks, or scattered-dots, the ratio of mixture of Pinus massoniana and Schimasuperba be 5 to 1, or 3 to 1, and the initial space between trees be 1.2, 1.5, or 2.0 m while the initial densitybe 6 944 to 4 440 trees per square hectare.展开更多
在25 a生马尾松林下分别套种1 a生火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲等阔叶树种的幼苗,16 a后形成郁闭的针阔混交异龄林.通过定位监测和化学分析,对上述6种混交林类型及林下未套种阔叶树的马尾松纯林的森林凋落量及养分通量...在25 a生马尾松林下分别套种1 a生火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲等阔叶树种的幼苗,16 a后形成郁闭的针阔混交异龄林.通过定位监测和化学分析,对上述6种混交林类型及林下未套种阔叶树的马尾松纯林的森林凋落量及养分通量进行了研究.统计结果显示,6个混交群落的年凋落量分别为7 137.3 kg hm-2、6 741.1 kghm-2、8 041.7 kg hm-2、7 151.3kg hm-2、7 533.2kg hm-2和6 149.1 kg hm-2,而马尾松纯林的年凋落量仅3 442.8 kghm-2.在所有林分的凋落物组成中,枯叶占绝对优势,占凋落物总量的49.7%～71.5%,其余依次为枯枝(5.7%～26.1%)、其它组分(5.5%～17.1%)、树皮(7.7%～18.9%)和果实(0.7%～2.0%).各混交林分中来自马尾松的凋落物占50.4%～58.0%,而来自阔叶树的凋落物占42.0%～49.6%,且两者的组成存在明显差异.各林分总凋落量的季节动态呈双峰型,第1次峰值出现在2～4月份,第2次峰值出现在8、9月份.凋落物中主要养分元素的含量依林分类型、凋落物组分和凋落时间不同而异,N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量范围依次为3.25～12.98 g kg-1、0.23～0.97 g kg-1、0.42～4.02 g kg-1、7.34～32.57 g kg-1和1.34～5.58 g kg-1.不同的林分类型,凋落物中各养分元素的年通量大小均为:Ca＞N＞Mg＞K＞P.马尾松纯林中,通过凋落物的5种养分元素的年流通量为142.01 kg hm-2;而在林下分别套种上述6种阔叶树后,其养分年流通量依次增加到204.95 kg hm-1、223.93 kg hm-2、304.12 kg hm-2、288.46 kg hm-2、213.77 kg hm-2、238.05 kg hm-2.展开更多
基金This paper was supported by Chinese Program for High Technology Research and Development (2003AA209030) Scien-tific Research Foundation for doctoral supervising laboratory State Education Ministry (20030284044) and National Natural Sc
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the cultivable filamentous fungal diversity in organic layers (L, F, and H layers) and A1 layer of two main forest types, Pinus massoniana and Liguidambar formasana mixed forest and Quercus variabilis forest, in Zijin Mountain(325?N, 11848?E), Nanjing, China. A total of 67 taxa comprising 56 Deuteromycetes, 3 Zygomycetes, 5 Asco-mycetes and 3 unidentified fungi were recognized from samples from the forest floor of the two forest types. The most abundant group was Deuteromycetes. The dominant genera in both forests were Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizopus sp., Gliocladium sp. and Trichoderma spp. The fungal diversity was higher in the mixed forest than that in Q. variabilis forest. For both forest types, the maximum fungal diversity was found in layer F and there existed significantly different in fungal diversity between layer F and layer L. In the mixed forest, richness of fungi isolated from needle litter (P. massoniana) was lower than that from leaf litter (L. formasana). The richness of fungi from needle litter increased with the in-crease of forest floor depth, but for leaf litter, the fungal diversity decreased with the depth of forest floor. The co-species of fungi from the two forest types, as well as from two kinds of litters in mixed forest, increased with the depth of the forest floor. The succession of fungi along with the process of decomposition was discussed here. The results also showed that litter quality was a critical factor affecting fungal diversity.
文摘Since forestation of pure forest of Pinus massoniana is liable to suffer from pest calamity, soilerosion, decrease of soil fertility, and difficulty in wood production in the hilly areas of southern China, weconducted an investigation on the three types of forests in Gaoan County of Jiangxi Province, namely, thepure forest of Pinus massoniana, the pure forest of Schima superba, and the mixed forest consisting of thetwo species, setting up standard stand, measuring and studying the growing stock, biomass, leaf area, roots,soil, vegetation, pests, litters, soil erosion, microclimate, etc., with the following results. ① The averageheight, diameter at chest height, and volume of the mixed forest are higher than those of the pure forest ofPinus massoniana by 30.9%, 31.7% and 10.6%, respectively. ② The biomass of the mixed forest is 2.24times as much as that of the pure forest of Pinus massoniana. ③ The litters of the mixed forest is 3.37 timesand 1.96 times as much as the litters of the pure forest of Pinus massoniana and the pure forest of Schimasuperba respectively. ④ The occurrence of pest calamity per tree is lower and the conditions of soil erosionand microclimate are better than those of the pure forest of Pinus massoniana. ⑤ The mixed forest of the twospecies is an excellent mixed type of needle-leaf and deciduous forest worth being popularized in Chinassubtropical areas, especially in the low hilly areas. It is recommended in plantation that the mixed patterns bebetween trees, lines, small blocks, or scattered-dots, the ratio of mixture of Pinus massoniana and Schimasuperba be 5 to 1, or 3 to 1, and the initial space between trees be 1.2, 1.5, or 2.0 m while the initial densitybe 6 944 to 4 440 trees per square hectare.
文摘在25 a生马尾松林下分别套种1 a生火力楠、闽粤栲、苦槠、格氏栲、青栲和拉氏栲等阔叶树种的幼苗,16 a后形成郁闭的针阔混交异龄林.通过定位监测和化学分析,对上述6种混交林类型及林下未套种阔叶树的马尾松纯林的森林凋落量及养分通量进行了研究.统计结果显示,6个混交群落的年凋落量分别为7 137.3 kg hm-2、6 741.1 kghm-2、8 041.7 kg hm-2、7 151.3kg hm-2、7 533.2kg hm-2和6 149.1 kg hm-2,而马尾松纯林的年凋落量仅3 442.8 kghm-2.在所有林分的凋落物组成中,枯叶占绝对优势,占凋落物总量的49.7%～71.5%,其余依次为枯枝(5.7%～26.1%)、其它组分(5.5%～17.1%)、树皮(7.7%～18.9%)和果实(0.7%～2.0%).各混交林分中来自马尾松的凋落物占50.4%～58.0%,而来自阔叶树的凋落物占42.0%～49.6%,且两者的组成存在明显差异.各林分总凋落量的季节动态呈双峰型,第1次峰值出现在2～4月份,第2次峰值出现在8、9月份.凋落物中主要养分元素的含量依林分类型、凋落物组分和凋落时间不同而异,N、P、K、Ca和Mg的含量范围依次为3.25～12.98 g kg-1、0.23～0.97 g kg-1、0.42～4.02 g kg-1、7.34～32.57 g kg-1和1.34～5.58 g kg-1.不同的林分类型,凋落物中各养分元素的年通量大小均为:Ca＞N＞Mg＞K＞P.马尾松纯林中,通过凋落物的5种养分元素的年流通量为142.01 kg hm-2;而在林下分别套种上述6种阔叶树后,其养分年流通量依次增加到204.95 kg hm-1、223.93 kg hm-2、304.12 kg hm-2、288.46 kg hm-2、213.77 kg hm-2、238.05 kg hm-2.
