A separation phenomenon occurring during the drop weight tear test of commercial thick-walled API （American Petroleum Institute） X80 strip steel was investigated in this work. Microstructural analysis showed that th...A separation phenomenon occurring during the drop weight tear test of commercial thick-walled API （American Petroleum Institute） X80 strip steel was investigated in this work. Microstructural analysis showed that the band structure of bainite elongated along the rolling direction works as the initiation sites of separation. The propagation of separation can be promoted not only by the occurrence of the band structure of martensite/austenite constituent, prior austenite grain boundaries, and elongated bainite, but also by fine acicular ferrite and bainite. Wide separation formed in the former case, while the narrow one appeared in the latter case. acicular ferrite in thick-walled X80 pipeline steel in order Some methods were proposed to obtain fine and homogeneous to minimize the occurrence of separation.展开更多
China’s natural gas market is focusing on price reform and aims to reconstruct vertically integrated industrial chains in the future.Based on the mixed complementarity problem model of gas markets with nodes in Henan...China’s natural gas market is focusing on price reform and aims to reconstruct vertically integrated industrial chains in the future.Based on the mixed complementarity problem model of gas markets with nodes in Henan Province,China,as an example,this paper applies numerical modeling to simulate the effects of social welfare and equilibrium prices on nodes in two scenarios:pipeline integration and pipeline separation.The findings reveal the following:(1)Pipeline separation yields greater overall social welfare than pipeline integration,with the welfare shifting from gas producers to consumption markets.(2)Pipeline separation lowers the equilibrium consumption prices by driving competition among gas supply sources.(3)Pipeline separation will increase the contribution of natural gas to primary energy.展开更多
文摘A separation phenomenon occurring during the drop weight tear test of commercial thick-walled API （American Petroleum Institute） X80 strip steel was investigated in this work. Microstructural analysis showed that the band structure of bainite elongated along the rolling direction works as the initiation sites of separation. The propagation of separation can be promoted not only by the occurrence of the band structure of martensite/austenite constituent, prior austenite grain boundaries, and elongated bainite, but also by fine acicular ferrite and bainite. Wide separation formed in the former case, while the narrow one appeared in the latter case. acicular ferrite in thick-walled X80 pipeline steel in order Some methods were proposed to obtain fine and homogeneous to minimize the occurrence of separation.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.71673257 and 71804167.
文摘China’s natural gas market is focusing on price reform and aims to reconstruct vertically integrated industrial chains in the future.Based on the mixed complementarity problem model of gas markets with nodes in Henan Province,China,as an example,this paper applies numerical modeling to simulate the effects of social welfare and equilibrium prices on nodes in two scenarios:pipeline integration and pipeline separation.The findings reveal the following:(1)Pipeline separation yields greater overall social welfare than pipeline integration,with the welfare shifting from gas producers to consumption markets.(2)Pipeline separation lowers the equilibrium consumption prices by driving competition among gas supply sources.(3)Pipeline separation will increase the contribution of natural gas to primary energy.
