Quantification of total phenol,flavonoid content and pharmacognostical evaluation including HPTLC fingerprinting for the standardization of Piper nigrum Linn fruits

Objective:To carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of Piper nigrum L.(P.nigrum)fruits in order to ascertain the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this king of spices.Methods:Many standardization parameters like extractive values,total ash value,water soluble ash value and acid insoluble ash,moisture content,loss on drying and pH values of P.nigrum L.fruits were analyzed.The method of Harborne was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening.Analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents,pesticides residues,aflatoxin and heavy metals were also performed.CAMAG-high performance thin layer chromatography system was used for fingerprinting of methanolic extract of P.nigrum L.fruits.Results:The results of phytochemicals testing indicated the presence of carbohydrates,phenolic compounds,flavonoids,alkaloids,proteins,saponins,lipids,sterols and tannins in various solvent extracts.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were found to be 1.728 1 mg/g and 1.087 ug/g,respectively.Heavy metals concentrations were found to be within standard limits.Aflatoxins and pesticides residues were absent.Conclusions:The outcome of this study might prove beneficial in herbal industries for identification,purification and standardization of P.nigrum L.fruits.

Overview of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Piper longum Linn.

Piper longum Linn. is a native of the Indo-Malaya region, belongs to the family Piperaceae. It is a slender aromatic climber widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. As a traditional ethnic drug, P. longum contains various chemical constituents such as alkaloids, volatile oil and lignans. The extract of P. longum has been reported to show various activities like antitumor, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Hence, this paper is presented as a review centered on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of P. longum, aiming at its further development and potential value.

Network pharmacology-based prediction and verification of the molecular targets and pathways for Piper longum Linn,against liver cancer

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor,which is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths worldwide,specially,in China.Piper longum Linn,is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat and prevent diseases in clinical practice,however,the active ingredients and potential targets of its action against liver cancer remain unclear.In this study,network pharmacology approach was used to identify active ingredients and the major targets of Piper longum against liver cancer.In addition,the key pathways were also predicted on the network pharmacology level,which might be beneficial to the chemical basis and pharmacological studies of this plant.

基于Piper-层次聚类-灰色关联度的突水水源识别

快速准确地识别煤矿突水的来源对于煤矿安全开采十分重要,是煤矿防治水的基础工作。基于Piper三线图-层次聚类-灰色关联度的综合方法对甘肃省某煤矿的突水水源进行了识别。工作面井下排水、断层裂隙水和顶板砂岩裂隙水的水化学类型均为SO_(4)-K·Na型水,地表水水化学类型为SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Ca型水。在Piper三线图中,井下排水与其他类型水在图中的距离较远,初步判断井下排水是来自多种水源的混合水。通过层次聚类分析得到煤层开采产生的井下排水与顶板砂岩裂隙水以及断层裂隙水的水质特征相对距离较近,特征类似。最后,采用灰色关联度判别模型进行判断,结果表明煤层顶板裂隙水以及断层裂隙水与井下排水的关联度较好。综合上述3种方法可知,工作面开采产生的井下排水主要来源于顶板砂岩水和断层裂隙水,与地表水的关系较小。推测可能是在开采过程中地层扰动导致的顶板水补给以及导水裂隙带导通孔隙水补给。因此,顶板含水层和导水裂隙带的研究与探查是该煤矿今后防治水工作的重点。

Evaluation of Pesticidal Activities of Lignans Isolated from Piper cubeba Fruits

The identification of natural, plant-derived compounds with pesticidal properties is crucial for developing environmentally sustainable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. In this study, four major lignans—dihydroclusin, cubebin, clusin, and yatein—were isolated from the crude extract of Piper cubeba fruit. Phytotoxicity assays revealed herbicidal activity against Agrostis stolonifera, with dihydroclusin and clusin exhibiting the highest efficacy, inhibiting seed germination by 50% and showing IC50 values of 2.9 µM and 45 µM, respectively, against Lemna paucicostata. Additionally, all compounds, except dihydroclusin, demonstrated fungicidal activity against the strawberry anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum fragariae. Moreover, only dihydroclusin exhibited larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, causing 96% mortality of mosquito larvae at the 100-ppm concentration tested. These findings highlight the broad-spectrum bioactivity of Piper cubeba lignans, suggesting their potential as alternative agents of synthetic pesticides for managing agricultural pests.

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

高温胁迫对油豆角生长的影响

本研究设置36℃高温条件,对星空红、油豆宝和将军一点红三个油豆角品种的耐热性进行了考察。结果表明,油豆宝和星空红耐热性更强,与对照相比,叶绿素含量和相对电导率(REC)无显著差异,脯氨酸(PRO)含量显著升高,且油豆宝丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化。将军一点红的耐热性较弱,叶绿素含量下降,PRO含量基本不变,REC和MDA含量显著增加。三个品种的抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT)活性均有所提升。综上,油豆宝和星空红更适合高温环境种植,特别是在长江以南地区。

菜豆多肽的抑菌活性及对趋化因子和炎症因子转录的抑制作用研究

探讨菜豆多肽(Phaseolus vulgaris Linn peptide,PVP)的抑菌活性及其对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7中趋化因子和炎症因子转录的抑制作用。应用不同质量浓度的菜豆多肽处理金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌24 h,检测了最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抑菌圈直径。使用CCK-8试剂盒检测了菜豆多肽对RAW264.7细胞活力的影响。采用RT-qPCR检测RAW264.7细胞中的趋化因子(趋化因子配体2(CCL2)、巨噬细胞炎症蛋白-2(MIP-2)、趋化因子配体5(CCL5))和炎症因子(诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、环氧合酶-2(COX-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和IL-6)的转录。采用Western blotting检测NF-κB活化。菜豆多肽对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的MIC均为200μg/mL。与0μg/mL组相比,10,50,100,200,300,400,500μg/mL组的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌圈直径均呈菜豆多肽剂量依赖性升高(P<0.001)。在1~500μg/mL的质量浓度范围内,菜豆多肽对RAW264.7细胞活力无明显抑制或促进作用(P>0.05)。与LPS组相比,LPS+10,50,100,200,300,400,500μg/mL PVP组RAW264.7细胞中CCL2、MIP-2、CCL5、iNOS、COX-2、TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6 mRNA相对水平以及NF-κB p65相对磷酸化水平均呈菜豆多肽剂量依赖性降低(P<0.05)。本研究表明菜豆多肽具有良好的抑菌活性,可有效抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞中趋化因子和炎症因子的转录。提示菜豆多肽可能是一种具有良好抑菌和抗炎活性的化妆品添加剂,具有潜在的开发价值。

大蕉(Musaparadisiaca ABB Linn.)花序愈伤组织的诱导及其体细胞胚发生

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4￣5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上增殖。胚性愈伤组织转移到体细胞胚诱导培养基中可诱导出体细胞胚。体细胞胚在成熟培养基上培养2个月后转移到含有0.2mg·L-16-BA的分化培养基上可以萌发,进而形成再生植株。组织学切片证明所诱导的愈伤组织是胚性组织,其所产生的体胚具有典型的单子叶植物体细胞胚的组织结构。

Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.

[Objective] The experiment aimed to research the photosynthetic characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and the relations between Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. and ecological factors.[Method] The portable photosynthesis system(Li-6400) was used to determine photosynthetic characteristics of 6-year-old Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.[Result] Both the leaf net photosynthetic rate change and diurnal variation of transpiration rate were single peak type.The relations among the leaf net photosynthetic rate of Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.and photosynthetically active radiation,CO2 concentration and other relevant ecological factors(including transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, difference of vapour pressure and leaf temperature) were two quadratic linear relations.[Conclusion] Calophyllum inophyllum Linn. preferred strong light irradiation and high temperature environment and the experiment has provided foundations for ecological and commercial cultivations.

Piper图解淮河流域江苏地区浅层地下水水质演化特征

在收集213份20世纪80年代浅层地下水水质资料和616组现状采集样品的基础上,利用不同时期水化学组成在区域Piper三线图上的集合发生的位移现象,揭示20多年来该区浅层水的内在变化规律,同时利用水化学类型图、统计数据加以佐证,最后探讨区域浅层水演化的原因。研究结果表明,通过Piper图示所表达的浅层地下水水质演化规律统计数据、绘制水化学类型分布图等方法相比较,分析更简洁、直观、通俗易懂。通过分析还发现,区内浅层地下水资源可以通过合理利用而改善水质,进而为人们提供理想的水源。

四川省及重庆市绣球属(Hydrangea Linn.)的分类研究(I)——研究历史及地理分布

对绣球属在绣球花 (亚 )科中的位置以及绣球属的研究历史作了综述 ,并对其地理分布作了讨论 ;据广义虎耳草科的rbcL序列资料的分支分析、绣球花科的rbcL序列资料的分支分析、绣球花科种子形态学特征、绣球亚科的脉序研究以及绣球花亚科花粉形态特征 ,推测绣球属可能在绣球花亚科演化上处于一个中心位置 ,与其它各属有着十分亲缘的关系 .绣球属在四川省及重庆市有 18种及 4变种 ,可明确地划分为 4个组 ,即离瓣组 (Sect.Peta lanthae (Maxim .)Wei)、挂苦子组 (Sect.Heteromallae (Rehd .)Wei)、绣球组 (Sect.Hydrangea)和冠盖组 (Sect.Calyptran theMaxim .) .在四川省及重庆市该属广泛分布 ,特别是在四川盆地周围海拔高于 10 0 0m的高山上分布种类较多 。

Chemical Constituents from Piper wallichii

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Piper wallichii. Methods Five compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, and the structures of compounds were identified by spectral analysis. Result Five compounds were identified as piperlonguminine （trans, trans） （1）, 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-benzoic acid （2）, galgravin （3）, β-sitosterol （4）, and daucosterol （5）. Conclusion Five compounds were isolated from Piper wallichii for the first time, and compounds 1 -3 were isolated from this genus far the first time.

黄芪属(Astragalus Linn)植物生物学特性及组织培养技术研究进展

文章从药用黄芪属植物营养体、生殖等生物学特性及组织培养技术方面,对近年来的研究进行了综述。

鸡冠花(Celosia cristata Linn)对Cs和Sr的胁迫反应及其积累特征

通过水培试验研究了不同浓度133Cs和88Sr对鸡冠花(Celosia cristata Linn)幼苗株高、根长、叶绿素和丙二醛等的影响及植株对2种元素的积累特征。结果表明,低浓度(0.1和0.5mmol/L)133Cs和88Sr处理下,鸡冠花幼苗的株高和根长与对照无显著差异,但高浓度(1.0和5.0mmol/L)的133Cs和88Sr会抑制其生长;鸡冠花幼苗的叶片、茎段和根部干重随着133Cs和88Sr处理浓度的增加而减少。133Cs和88Sr在鸡冠花幼苗体内的分布均为根部>茎段>叶片。随核素133Cs和88Sr浓度的上升,鸡冠花幼苗叶绿素含量均呈先升再降趋势,而MDA含量呈先降后升趋势。

欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris Linn.)对干旱环境的适应

采用石蜡切片法,研究了欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris Linn.)营养器官的显微结构,以探讨其对干旱环境的适应性特点。结果表明:根和茎木质部导管发达,提高了输导能力;薄壁组织丰富,提高了储水能力;叶片表皮细胞外切向壁角质层发达,有利于减少水分散失;同化组织发达,能够适应干旱环境对光合作用的负面影响。欧洲千里光长期生活在干旱环境中,产生了许多适应性结构。

山蒟(Piperhancei)的生态生物学特征

山蒟(Piper hancei)是一种有较高园林绿化价值的常绿藤本植物,通过样地调查及相关数据分析,对山蒟的形态解剖学、生理生态学、营养元素含量等生态生物学特征进行研究,结果表明:山蒟喜阴湿环境,耐贫瘠,适合在酸性赤红壤上生长,主要分布于热带亚热带地区光照适中或较弱的溪涧边、林下、树干或岩石上。其平均光合速率为4.07μmol·m-2·s-1,气孔导度为0.23mol·m-2·s-1,蒸腾速率为3.87mmol·m-2·s-1。山蒟对营养元素的利用率较高,植株体内加权平均养分含量为N2.00%、P0.20%、K2.11%、Ca0.94%、Na0.05%、Mg0.15%,其中叶片的N、K和Ca含量最高,枝的P和Mg含量最高。山蒟的生态生物学特征有利于其快速生长、覆盖、吸附攀援和适应环境。研究结果将为山蒟的引种、栽培及开发利用提供重要理论依据。

Discussion on AFLP Molecular Markers in Piper methysticum and Pepper

The aim of the research was to discuss the genetic relationships between Piper methysticum, Pepper and other wild species in Pepper genus. DNA was extracted from leaves which belonged to 28 germplasms including 6 materials of P. methysticum, 21 maerials of cultivated and wild Pepper, 1 material of Peperomia pellucida belonged to different genus. Premiers with good band-type and high polymorphism and resolution were selected from 64 pairs of primers for AFLP amplification and the clustering analysis was conducted with MVSP3.13f software. 191 bands were amplified by 4 pairs of premiers, 189 of which had polymorphism, being 98.6%. 28 germplasms were classified into 6 different groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.52 by silver staining AFLP, in which 6 materials of Piper methysticum were clustered into a single group, indicating that P. methysticum belonged to Pepper family of Pepper genus but were distantly related to the others. The research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks for P. methysticum graft, molecular identification of P. methysticum and the fingerprint construction of P. methysticum.

高氮磷胁迫下菖蒲(Acorus calamus Linn.)通气组织和根系释氧的响应

以湿地植物菖蒲为研究对象,在水培条件下观察3个浓度梯度的氮磷污水(处理组1、2、3依次为N:40 mg/L、P:4 mg/L;N:80 mg/L、P:8 mg/L;N:120 mg/L、P:12 mg/L)对其胁迫后的根系释氧和通气组织的变化规律,研究发现高氮磷胁迫明显抑制菖蒲株高和根系长度的生长,减少植物根系数量;高氮磷胁迫还可以增加植物根系释氧量和促进根系通气组织形成,由于根系长度和数量的减少,处理组的根系释氧总量不及对照组;高氮磷胁迫不改变菖蒲根系释氧趋势,根尖最大,离根尖越远释氧越小.研究还发现,根尖释氧量大小和通气组织呈正相关,根基和根中部释氧量与通气组织关系不显著,说明植物通气组织的形式更有利于根尖释氧.

美人蕉(Canna indica Linn)镉胁迫的抗氧化机理

采用水培的方式,探讨了不同Cd2+水平(0、1、2.5、7.5、15 mg.L-1)对美人蕉生物量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、植物螯合肽(PCs)、酸溶性SH、Cd含量的影响。结果表明,1 mg.L-1的Cd显著提高了美人蕉的生物量(p<0.05),促进了美人蕉的生长。随着Cd2+浓度的提高,SOD、POD、CAT活性以及MDA含量显著增加(p<0.05),表明美人蕉受到了活性氧物质的胁迫。美人蕉中GSH、PCs、SH含量也随Cd2+含量的增加而增加,表明Cd胁迫诱导了PCs的产生,有利于降低Cd对植物体本身的毒害,且根系中的含量均高于叶片。美人蕉中Cd含量随着Cd浓度的增加而显著增加,在15 mg.L-1处理时,地上部Cd含量达到555.4 mg.kg-1,表明美人蕉对Cd有较强的富集能力。