基于Piper-层次聚类-灰色关联度的突水水源识别

快速准确地识别煤矿突水的来源对于煤矿安全开采十分重要,是煤矿防治水的基础工作。基于Piper三线图-层次聚类-灰色关联度的综合方法对甘肃省某煤矿的突水水源进行了识别。工作面井下排水、断层裂隙水和顶板砂岩裂隙水的水化学类型均为SO_(4)-K·Na型水,地表水水化学类型为SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Ca型水。在Piper三线图中,井下排水与其他类型水在图中的距离较远,初步判断井下排水是来自多种水源的混合水。通过层次聚类分析得到煤层开采产生的井下排水与顶板砂岩裂隙水以及断层裂隙水的水质特征相对距离较近,特征类似。最后,采用灰色关联度判别模型进行判断,结果表明煤层顶板裂隙水以及断层裂隙水与井下排水的关联度较好。综合上述3种方法可知,工作面开采产生的井下排水主要来源于顶板砂岩水和断层裂隙水,与地表水的关系较小。推测可能是在开采过程中地层扰动导致的顶板水补给以及导水裂隙带导通孔隙水补给。因此,顶板含水层和导水裂隙带的研究与探查是该煤矿今后防治水工作的重点。

Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice

Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption,which can lead to chronic liver disease death.Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter,cold,has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification,promoting blood and detumescence.Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes,can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances.In this paper,a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit(SNGF)ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury.H&E staining and oil red O(ORO)staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated,vacuoles were significantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group.Serum levels of TC,TG,LDH,TBA,AKP,ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group,and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species(ROS)in time.MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment,while superoxide dismutase(SOD)and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment.These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury.

Quantification of total phenol,flavonoid content and pharmacognostical evaluation including HPTLC fingerprinting for the standardization of Piper nigrum Linn fruits

Objective:To carry out the physicochemical and phytochemical standardization with high performance thin layer chromatography fingerprinting of Piper nigrum L.(P.nigrum)fruits in order to ascertain the standard pharmacognostical parameters of this king of spices.Methods:Many standardization parameters like extractive values,total ash value,water soluble ash value and acid insoluble ash,moisture content,loss on drying and pH values of P.nigrum L.fruits were analyzed.The method of Harborne was adopted for the preliminary phytochemicals screening.Analysis of total phenolic and flavonoid contents,pesticides residues,aflatoxin and heavy metals were also performed.CAMAG-high performance thin layer chromatography system was used for fingerprinting of methanolic extract of P.nigrum L.fruits.Results:The results of phytochemicals testing indicated the presence of carbohydrates,phenolic compounds,flavonoids,alkaloids,proteins,saponins,lipids,sterols and tannins in various solvent extracts.Total phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanolic extract were found to be 1.728 1 mg/g and 1.087 ug/g,respectively.Heavy metals concentrations were found to be within standard limits.Aflatoxins and pesticides residues were absent.Conclusions:The outcome of this study might prove beneficial in herbal industries for identification,purification and standardization of P.nigrum L.fruits.

Evaluation of Total Polyphenol and Flavonoid Contents of Fresh and Dried Pepper (Piper nigrum) from the Ivory Coast

The growing interest in the potential biological activity of polyphenols and flavonoids has highlighted necessity to assess their content in fresh and dried pepper from Ivory Coast. The total polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu test and the total flavonoid content was also measured spectrophotometrically using the aluminum chloride colorimetric test. The results obtained indicate the total polyphenol levels of fresh and dried peppers are higher in the samples collected in Danane (0.8 ± 0.05 mg GAE/100g) and in Azaguie (0.4 ± 0.08 mg GAE/100g). The lowest concentrations were obtained with fresh and dried pepper samples collected in N’douci (0.22 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100g) and in PK 103 (0.22 ± 0.02 mg GAE/100g). The highest content of total flavonoids was revealed in the locality of PK 103 (1.85 ± 0.62 mg EC/100g) followed by the locality of Maféré (1.37 ± 0.25 mg EC/100g) respectively for black pepper and green pepper. Then, the lowest flavonoid contents were obtained in the dried pepper of Lopou (0.57 ± 0.03 mg EC/100g) and the fresh pepper of PK 103 (0.47 ± 0.03 mg EC/100g). The results obtained highlight the importance of these black spices as promising sources of phenolic compounds and could be used in pharmaceutical treatments and in food.

Overview of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Piper longum Linn.

Piper longum Linn. is a native of the Indo-Malaya region, belongs to the family Piperaceae. It is a slender aromatic climber widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions. As a traditional ethnic drug, P. longum contains various chemical constituents such as alkaloids, volatile oil and lignans. The extract of P. longum has been reported to show various activities like antitumor, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. Hence, this paper is presented as a review centered on the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of P. longum, aiming at its further development and potential value.

Network pharmacology-based prediction and verification of the molecular targets and pathways for Piper longum Linn,against liver cancer

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor,which is one of the most common causes of cancer related deaths worldwide,specially,in China.Piper longum Linn,is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat and prevent diseases in clinical practice,however,the active ingredients and potential targets of its action against liver cancer remain unclear.In this study,network pharmacology approach was used to identify active ingredients and the major targets of Piper longum against liver cancer.In addition,the key pathways were also predicted on the network pharmacology level,which might be beneficial to the chemical basis and pharmacological studies of this plant.

基于Piper-PCA-Fisher的矿井突出水源判别模型构建及应用

突水水源的高效准确判别是防治突水事故的关键,为提高矿井突水水源判别的可靠性,以临涣矿区水样数据为例,提出了一种基于Piper三线图、主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)与Fisher判别法的矿井突水水源判别模型。将6类化学离子实测浓度作为突水水源判别指标,通过确定评价集与4类水源中心的距离进行样本归类判别。研究结果表明:采用Piper三线图可剔除异常样本,最终确定以37组典型水样作为训练样本;利用主成分分析对判别指标进行降维,发现前3项主成分覆盖了原有指标信息的91.636%,能够有效表征样本水化学特征;利用Piper-PCA-Fisher判别模型回判37组训练样本并预测15组待测样本,回判准确率及预测正确率均为100%。Piper-PCA-Fisher判别模型可减弱指标间的关联度,在水样数据有限的情况下,可获得良好的判别效果。

Ethanol extract of Annona muricata Linn fruit perform antidiabetic effect on type 2 diabetic mice through α-glucosidase inhibition

Objective:To explore the anti-diabetic effects and its underlying mechanism of Annona muricata Linn fruit ethanol extract(AME).Methods:Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic(T2DM)mouse model was constructed.Those diabetic mice were randomly grouped and given 50 mg/kg acarbose or AME(200 mg/kg,100 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg)for four weeks.The body weight,postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were measured during the administration.After the administration,a glucose tolerance test was performed,and the levels of triglycerides,cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in mice were detected by biochemical test kits.The inhibitory activity of AME onα-glucosidase in vivo and in vitro was determined by enzyme inhibition tests.Results:AME significantly reduced weight gain,postprandial blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein levels in T2DM mice;enhanced glucose tolerance and pancreaticβ-cell function of T2DM mice;inhibitedα-glucosidase activity in mouse intestine in an noncompetitive manner.Conclusion:AME may noncompetitive inhibitα-glucosidase activity and reduce postprandial glucose intake to achieve a therapeutic and regulatory effect on type 2 diabetes.

The main chemical constituents from Piper amalago: A review of its phytochemistry

Piper amalago(P.amalago)is a traditional medicine in Brazil for the treatment of leishmanial.Owing to its rare occurrence and potent pharmacological activities,efforts have been devoted to the identification of its diverse constituents,especially terpenoids.Researchers have found that the major constituents of P.amalago were amides,monoterpenes,norisoprenoids,sesquiterpenes,aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons.The amides show anxiolytic,anti-inflammatory,antileishmanial and antinociceptive activity.This review summarizes the research progress of the structural diversity and pharmacological activities of P.amalago.

基于模糊数学的木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料制备

木姜叶柯与玫瑰茄的味觉特性限制了两种原料在食品工业中的广泛使用.为拓展木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄的应用,以木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄为主要原料,采用浸提法制备木姜叶柯及玫瑰茄浸提液,通过对饮料气味、色泽、组织状态和滋味进行权重分析,建立了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料模糊数学感官评价方法;利用单因素试验和正交试验结合模糊数学感官评价法,确定了木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方,并对最佳产品的质量指标(可溶性固形物含量、总酸及总多酚质量浓度、澄清度)进行了测定.结果表明:木姜叶柯玫瑰茄本草饮料的最佳配方为木姜叶柯浸提液添加量3%,玫瑰茄浸提液添加量4%,柠檬酸添加量0.03%,复配甜味剂(甜度200)添加量0.03%.通过该配方制得的饮料质地均匀透亮、颜色呈玫红色、酸甜适宜,具有木姜叶柯和玫瑰茄特有的香味,其理化指标测定结果为:可溶性固形物含量0.16%±0.01%,总多酚质量浓度107.42±1.90 mg/L,总酸质量浓度0.30±0.01 g/L,澄清度73.62%±1.35%.

飞龙掌血茎和根不同炮制品对小鼠的急性毒性试验

旨在了解飞龙掌血[Toddalia asiatica(Linn)Lam.]茎和根不同炮制对小鼠急性毒性作用。130只KM小鼠适应性喂养3 d后,随机分为13组,包括溶媒组和12个药物试验剂量组(1个药材茎生品组和5个茎炮制组,1个根生品组和5个根炮制组,其中5种药材炮制品包括水煮制品、水洗制品、水蒸制品、酒蒸制品和酒炙制品)。溶媒组小鼠按40 mL/kg给予纯净水灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;茎各炮制品试验组小鼠按40 mL/kg灌胃,给药3次,间隔4~5 h;根各炮制品试验组小鼠按30 mL/kg灌胃,给药2次,间隔4~5 h,记录给药后各组小鼠14 d的主要临床症状、体重变化,并统计死亡率。结果表明,飞龙掌血及各炮制品可对小鼠产生急性毒性作用,临床中毒症状有自主活动减少、安静怠动、俯卧和翻正反射消失。炮制品组与溶媒组比较,在14 d内茎和根各炮制品均可致小鼠体重明显降低,且死亡率显著高于溶媒组(P<0.05或P<0.01);而与生品组比较,茎和根的5种炮制品在14 d内对小鼠体重的影响不显著,可有效降低小鼠的死亡率,其中以水煮法效果最佳。水煮、水洗、水蒸、酒蒸、酒炙炮制方法可以减小飞龙掌血茎和根(生品)对小鼠的毒性作用,但对小鼠体脂影响不显著。

苏丹草和高丹草转录组测序及其差异基因表达分析

为了初步探明苏丹草[Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf.]和高丹草[Sorghum bicolor(Linn.) Moench.×Sorghum sudanense(Piper) Stapf.]相关差异基因的表达,本研究对两者进行转录组测序,并对分蘖调控以及粗蛋白和木质素合成关联基因的差异表达进行分析。结果表明:与苏丹草相比,高丹草的单株分蘖数显著降低,粗蛋白、木质素和独角金内酯含量以及果糖激酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶、反肉桂酸4-单加氧酶活性显著提高,己糖激酶-3(HXK3)、果糖激酶2(FRK2)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(ASPAT)、S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶1(SAMS1)、多酚氧化酶II(PPOII)、双功能天冬氨酸激酶/高丝氨酸脱氢酶2(AKI/DHI2)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、反-肉桂酸4-单加氧酶(C4H)基因表达上调,独角金内酯酯酶D14(SLsE D14)基因表达下调。本研究为苏丹草和高丹草相关功能基因的克隆、分子标记开发等工作奠定了基础。

海岸桐茎和果实的化学成分

采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术对海岸桐(Guettarda speciosa Linn.)茎和果实的化学成分进行分析。结果显示:海岸桐茎中有35个化合物,包括三萜类12个、环烯醚萜类7个、酚酸及其苷类12个、强心苷类2个、黄酮类1个、苦木素类1个。海岸桐果实中有40个化合物,包括三萜类10个、环烯醚萜类8个、酚酸及其苷类8个、黄酮类8个、甾体类3个、脂肪酸类2个、二萜类1个。海岸桐茎和果实中共有成分18个,包括三萜类7个、环烯醚萜类6个、酚酸类及其苷类4个、黄酮类1个。综上所述,海岸桐茎中富含鞣质类酚酸成分,生态学意义较强;果实含有环烯醚萜类等活性物质,开发利用价值较高。

NaCl胁迫下pH值和氮素形态对狗牙根生长及钠钾离子调控的影响

以狗牙根〔Cynodon dactylon(Linn.)Pers.〕品种‘阳江’(‘Yangjiang’)为实验材料、2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES)为pH缓冲剂,采用水培法研究NaCl胁迫下pH值和氮素形态(铵态氮和硝态氮)对狗牙根生长和钠钾离子调控的影响。结果表明:处理1周后,若不添加MES,铵态氮处理组培养液的pH值下降到pH 4.0左右,而硝态氮处理组培养液的pH值则上升到pH 9.0左右;添加20 mmol·L^(-1)MES的铵态氮处理组培养液的pH值也下降到pH 4.0左右,而硝态氮处理组培养液的pH值则接近pH 7.0。与0 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理组相比,300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理组狗牙根的枝条长度和枝条干质量显著(P<0.05)下降,而根长度、根干质量、根和叶中Na^(+)含量和Na^(+)/K^(+)比、钠钾选择性转运系数、叶Na^(+)和K^(+)的分泌量及分泌物Na^(+)/K^(+)比总体上显著升高。300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,硝态氮处理组狗牙根的枝条长度、根长度、根干质量、根冠比、根中Na^(+)含量总体上显著高于铵态氮处理组,而叶中Na^(+)和K^(+)含量及Na^(+)/K^(+)比、叶Na^(+)和K^(+)的分泌量明显低于铵态氮处理组。300 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl胁迫下,20 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组狗牙根的多数生长指标显著高于0 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组,而根和叶中Na^(+)和K^(+)含量及Na^(+)/K^(+)比、钠钾选择性转运系数在0和20 mmol·L^(-1)MES处理组间的差异不显著。三因素方差分析结果表明:3个因子的单一和交互作用对多数生长指标、叶中Na^(+)含量和泌盐量相关指标的影响具有统计学意义。研究结果显示:硝态氮能缓解NaCl胁迫对狗牙根的伤害,而用MES缓冲根际酸碱环境对NaCl胁迫下狗牙根生长有一定的促进作用,因此,施用硝态氮或添加MES均有利于提高狗牙根的抗盐性。

南亚热带生境下6种紫珠属植物的光响应模型拟合分析

利用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数模型,对南亚热带生境下的6种紫珠属(Callicarpa)植物进行光合参数分析和光响应曲线拟合。通过对比4种模型计算光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))、暗呼吸速率(R_(d))和表观量子效率(AQE)以及决定系数(R^(2))、均方根误差(RMSE)、平均绝对误差(MAE)等参数,筛选出6种紫珠属植物最适光响应模型。结果表明:直角双曲线修正模型是6种紫珠属植物进行光合研究的最适用光响应模型,杜虹花对强光和弱光的利用能力均最高,朝鲜紫珠的光合潜能最大。综上,不同紫珠属植物对光的利用能力既表现出种间差异性,又表现出种间相似性,4种光响应模型在紫珠属植物的光合参数计算上存在较大差异,但在模型的拟合优度和拟合精度上存在一致性。

胡椒和肉桂挥发性组成分析及对普通大蓟马的驱避作用

豇豆农药残留问题非常严峻,对豇豆上普通大蓟马的化学防治是造成豇豆农残超标的主要原因,开展普通大蓟马的绿色防治迫在眉睫。利用植物挥发物驱避害虫是一种重要的害虫绿色防控手段。本研究利用GC-MS分析了胡椒和肉桂的挥发性化合物组成,并利用“Y”形嗅觉仪测定了胡椒和肉桂及5种主要挥发物对普通大蓟马的驱避作用。结果表明,在胡椒中鉴定出27种挥发性成分,主要成分为β-石竹烯,含量占43.1%;在肉桂中鉴定出21种挥发性成分,主要成分为肉桂醛(28.4%)、α-可巴烯(15.4%)、α-依兰油烯(14.1%)、γ-杜松烯(14.9%)。行为反应测定结果表明胡椒和肉桂对普通大蓟马分别具有极显著和显著的驱避作用;β-石竹烯、肉桂醛、α-可巴烯浓度为10%和1%时对普通大蓟马具有极显著的驱避作用,10%的α-依兰油烯和10%的γ-杜松烯对普通大蓟马分别具有极显著和显著的驱避作用。本研究对豇豆普通大蓟马绿色防控技术研发和驱避剂的开发具有一定指导意义。

基于标准汤剂的鲜龙葵果配方颗粒质量标准研究

目的基于标准汤剂的质量评价方法,建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的质量标准。方法制备并计算10批鲜龙葵果标准汤剂及3批配方颗粒的出膏率;以鲜龙葵果药材为对照,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)鉴别鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的专属性;采用超高效液相色谱法(UPLC)测定鲜龙葵果配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱、澳洲茄边碱的含量,并建立鲜龙葵果配方颗粒的特征图谱,确定4个特征峰及其相对保留时间的规定范围。结果标准汤剂出膏率为(18.21±1.87)%,确定的配方颗粒的出膏率范围为12.75%~23.67%,3批配方颗粒的出膏率分别为15.90%、21.26%、18.01%。标准汤剂中澳洲茄碱含量为(24.54±1.24)mg·g^(-1),澳洲茄边碱的含量为(31.34±1.65)mg·g^(-1);3批配方颗粒中澳洲茄碱含量分别为19.3 mg·g^(-1)、18.5 mg·g^(-1)、20.4 mg·g^(-1);澳洲茄边碱含量分别为23.9 mg·g^(-1)、22.9 mg·g^(-1)、25.8 mg·g^(-1)。识别出4个共有特征峰,以澳洲茄碱为参照物峰,其余3个峰的相对保留时间规定值分别为1.13、1.70、1.85。结论本研究证明鲜龙葵果配方颗粒与标准汤剂具有质量一致性,为制定配方颗粒的质量标准提供了数据支持。

无花果粗多糖提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

本文以冻干无花果为原料,采用超声波辅助法提取粗多糖类物质,探讨提取溶剂、超声功率、提取温度和提取时间对无花果粗多糖提取率的影响,确定最佳提取参数,并通过DPPH自由基清除实验和总抗氧化能力测定评估无花果粗多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,以去离子水为提取剂,在超声功率为300 W、提取温度为75℃,提取时间为50 min的条件下,无花果多糖提取率最大。抗氧化活性实验结果表明,无花果粗多糖对DPPH自由基有明显的清除作用。

薄荷McZFP1基因克隆及表达分析

根据前期茉莉酸甲酯处理的薄荷(Mentha canadensis Linn.)转录组数据分析结果,从薄荷中克隆到McZFP1,并进行了基因和蛋白质特性、组织表达、非生物胁迫处理下的表达、亚细胞定位以及转录自激活活性分析。结果显示:薄荷McZFP1的开放阅读框长度为558 bp,编码185个氨基酸。McZFP1具亲水性,无跨膜结构域,属于不稳定蛋白,包含C2H2保守结构域,含有13个丝氨酸、3个酪氨酸和3个苏氨酸的磷酸化位点。进化树分析结果表明McZFP1与一串红(Salvia splendens Ker-Gawler)SsZFP7的亲缘关系最近。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明:McZFP1在薄荷不定根、茎、根状茎、幼叶、成熟叶和花中均有表达,在根状茎中的相对表达量最高,且受150 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl、300 mmol·L^(-1)甘露醇、200μmol·L^(-1)脱落酸和200μmol·L^(-1)茉莉酸甲酯处理诱导表达。McZFP1定位于细胞核,无转录自激活活性。综上所述,薄荷McZFP1在不同组织中存在表达差异,参与调节激素和非生物胁迫响应过程。

大蕉(Musaparadisiaca ABB Linn.)花序愈伤组织的诱导及其体细胞胚发生

大蕉未成熟雄花接种到胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基中,4￣5个月后可诱导出胚性愈伤组织,并可在继代培养基上增殖。胚性愈伤组织转移到体细胞胚诱导培养基中可诱导出体细胞胚。体细胞胚在成熟培养基上培养2个月后转移到含有0.2mg·L-16-BA的分化培养基上可以萌发,进而形成再生植株。组织学切片证明所诱导的愈伤组织是胚性组织,其所产生的体胚具有典型的单子叶植物体细胞胚的组织结构。