Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination l...Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination level of groundwater caused by leachate in 11 villages of the Gautam Budh Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh,India.We systematically sampled 22 groundwater samples and 13 leachate samples to ascertain the source of pollution on groundwater quality.The standard analytical methods given by the American Public Health Association(APHA)(Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater,23rd edn.APHA,AWWA,WPCF,Washington,2017)were used for quantitative estimation of hydrochemical parameters of collected samples.The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that pH values range from 7.31 to 8.97.The mean magnesium concentration in groundwater samples is 58.93±21.44 mg/L.Out of the groundwater samples taken,approximately 41%and 73%of samples analysis results have been found beyond the acceptable limit with respect to the parameters of turbidity and total dissolved solids,respectively,according to the Bureau of Indian Standards(Indian standard specification for drinking water(IS:10500).BIS,Manak Bhawan,New Delhi,2012)for drinking water.Around 95.4%of groundwater samples and 92.3%of leachate samples have high nitrate concentrations above the standard limit of BIS(45 mg/L),respectively.The Piper plot shows that 50%of the samples belong to the Ca^2+-Mg^2+-HCO3^-type.Ternary and Durov's diagrams indicate that the mean concentrations of ions are in the order of Na^+>Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+(for cations)and HCO3^->NO3^->C1^->SO42^->CO32^->F-(for anions)in groundwater of the study area.The spatial variation of the hydrochemical parameters shows that groundwater is heavily contaminated with respect to nitrate.Analytical results indicate that the groundwater of villages Achheja,Bisrakh road,Dujana,Badalpur and Sadopur is not suitable for drinking.展开更多
Hydrochemical facies, groundwater evolution, and physicochemical reactions between soil or rock and water are of considerable importance when evaluating or predicting the nature of anthropogenic impacts on groundwater...Hydrochemical facies, groundwater evolution, and physicochemical reactions between soil or rock and water are of considerable importance when evaluating or predicting the nature of anthropogenic impacts on groundwater quality. In this respect a total of 67 ground water samples were collected randomly in Akure, southwestern, Nigeria from hand pump/dug wells and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ and ?> Cl- > ?> ?respectively. The pH and Eh of the water samples show an acidic condition, with low salinity hazard (generally less than 250 μS/cm). The Piper classification for hydrogeochemical facies indicates carbonate hardness (secondary alkalinity) exceeds 50% that is by alkaline earths and weak acids, with Ca2+ + Mg2+ + ?water-type. This also suggests a meteoric origin of water quality caused by rock-water interaction. The ratio of ?and Cl- is greater than 1 and implies recharge area or upper water flow course of carbonate rocks (interaction of water with aquifer material). The Na+:Cl- is less than 0.7 signifying loss of Na+ through precipitation of evaporating water;the water is Ca2+ rich and Na+ depleted with Mg2+:Ca2+ less than 0.5 and Na+:K+ less than 15. The Na+:Ca2+ (<1) indicates reverse ionic exchange. The Ca2+:?+ ?for the samples is less than 1.0 suggestive of flow of water through the normal hydrological cycle. The calculated range of values of sodium absorption ratio (1.89 - 26.42), permeability index (42.67 - 170.24), residue sodium carbonate (-1 to 5), magnesium ratio (4 - 53), Kelly ratio (0.04 - 0.84), percent sodium (0.41 - 3.45) suggest good water suitable for irrigation purposes. In addition, the Wilcox plot shows that 98% of the water samples belong to “good to permissible category” for irrigation use.展开更多
文摘Progressive developments in industrial and agricultural activities are causing a critical stress on groundwater quality in developing countries.The objective of this paper is to assess and evaluate the contamination level of groundwater caused by leachate in 11 villages of the Gautam Budh Nagar district in Uttar Pradesh,India.We systematically sampled 22 groundwater samples and 13 leachate samples to ascertain the source of pollution on groundwater quality.The standard analytical methods given by the American Public Health Association(APHA)(Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater,23rd edn.APHA,AWWA,WPCF,Washington,2017)were used for quantitative estimation of hydrochemical parameters of collected samples.The results of the analysis of groundwater samples indicate that pH values range from 7.31 to 8.97.The mean magnesium concentration in groundwater samples is 58.93±21.44 mg/L.Out of the groundwater samples taken,approximately 41%and 73%of samples analysis results have been found beyond the acceptable limit with respect to the parameters of turbidity and total dissolved solids,respectively,according to the Bureau of Indian Standards(Indian standard specification for drinking water(IS:10500).BIS,Manak Bhawan,New Delhi,2012)for drinking water.Around 95.4%of groundwater samples and 92.3%of leachate samples have high nitrate concentrations above the standard limit of BIS(45 mg/L),respectively.The Piper plot shows that 50%of the samples belong to the Ca^2+-Mg^2+-HCO3^-type.Ternary and Durov's diagrams indicate that the mean concentrations of ions are in the order of Na^+>Mg^2+>Ca^2+>K^+(for cations)and HCO3^->NO3^->C1^->SO42^->CO32^->F-(for anions)in groundwater of the study area.The spatial variation of the hydrochemical parameters shows that groundwater is heavily contaminated with respect to nitrate.Analytical results indicate that the groundwater of villages Achheja,Bisrakh road,Dujana,Badalpur and Sadopur is not suitable for drinking.
文摘Hydrochemical facies, groundwater evolution, and physicochemical reactions between soil or rock and water are of considerable importance when evaluating or predicting the nature of anthropogenic impacts on groundwater quality. In this respect a total of 67 ground water samples were collected randomly in Akure, southwestern, Nigeria from hand pump/dug wells and analyzed for major cations and anions. The domination of cations and anions was in the order of Ca2+ > K+ > Na+ > Mg2+ and ?> Cl- > ?> ?respectively. The pH and Eh of the water samples show an acidic condition, with low salinity hazard (generally less than 250 μS/cm). The Piper classification for hydrogeochemical facies indicates carbonate hardness (secondary alkalinity) exceeds 50% that is by alkaline earths and weak acids, with Ca2+ + Mg2+ + ?water-type. This also suggests a meteoric origin of water quality caused by rock-water interaction. The ratio of ?and Cl- is greater than 1 and implies recharge area or upper water flow course of carbonate rocks (interaction of water with aquifer material). The Na+:Cl- is less than 0.7 signifying loss of Na+ through precipitation of evaporating water;the water is Ca2+ rich and Na+ depleted with Mg2+:Ca2+ less than 0.5 and Na+:K+ less than 15. The Na+:Ca2+ (<1) indicates reverse ionic exchange. The Ca2+:?+ ?for the samples is less than 1.0 suggestive of flow of water through the normal hydrological cycle. The calculated range of values of sodium absorption ratio (1.89 - 26.42), permeability index (42.67 - 170.24), residue sodium carbonate (-1 to 5), magnesium ratio (4 - 53), Kelly ratio (0.04 - 0.84), percent sodium (0.41 - 3.45) suggest good water suitable for irrigation purposes. In addition, the Wilcox plot shows that 98% of the water samples belong to “good to permissible category” for irrigation use.
