[Objective]The aim was to commercialize micropropagation of pistachio and provide good foundations for varieties improvement. [Method]The seeds and stem-segments were used as explants in the tissue culture of Pistacia...[Objective]The aim was to commercialize micropropagation of pistachio and provide good foundations for varieties improvement. [Method]The seeds and stem-segments were used as explants in the tissue culture of Pistacia vera ＇Kerman＇,tissue culture condition and medium and transplant matrix were researched for micropropagation of pistachio,[Result]Mediums of 1/2DKW and 1/2DKW＋3.00 mg/L of 6-BA ＋0.05 mg/L of NAA were suitable medium for seed germination and axillary bud induction of pistachio; Proliferation coefficient was 3.6 on the medium of 1/2DKW ＋4.00 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.05 mg/L of IBA; Rooting rate was up to 75% on the medium of 1/2DKW ＋ 5.00 mg/L of IBA ＋ 1.00 mg/L of NAA; The suitable transplantation matrix was 3/4 sand ＋ 1/4 vermiculite,and survival rate of plant with root was above 79%. [Conclusion]The pistachio （Kerman） tissue culture technology system was established.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the occurrence rule of Pistacia vera leaf brown spot and the biological characteristics of its pathogen.[Method] The occurrence rule of P.vera leaf brown spot was investigated in fie...[Objective] The paper was to study the occurrence rule of Pistacia vera leaf brown spot and the biological characteristics of its pathogen.[Method] The occurrence rule of P.vera leaf brown spot was investigated in field.A fungus was isolated and purified from the diseased tissue of P.vera,its cultural trait and morphological characteristics were observed in indoor experiment,and the classification status was identified according to its morphology.The effects of different temperatures on mycelial growth of the pathogen,as well as the effects of different temperatures and humidity on spore germination of the pathogen were also studied.[Result] P.vera leaf brown spot was a fungal disease,which mainly infected the leaves and fruits of P.vera,causing leaf spot and blight.The disease had serious incidence in introduction place of P.vera in China.The fungal disease was identified to be Alternaria alternaria,the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth was 20-25 ℃,the appropriate temperature for spore germination was 25-30 ℃,and the appropriate relative humidity was over 95%.[Conclusion] Late spring and early summer,as well as late summer and early autumn are two peak periods for incidence of the disease,continuous rain in summer is the decisive condition for the infection and outbreak of P.vera leaf brown spot.展开更多
This study attempts to examine the effects of salinity on leaf, stem, and nut of Pistacia vera （Ohady and Kaleh Ghochi cultivars） in order to characterize their anatomical structures with electron and light microsco...This study attempts to examine the effects of salinity on leaf, stem, and nut of Pistacia vera （Ohady and Kaleh Ghochi cultivars） in order to characterize their anatomical structures with electron and light microscopy. A comparative study of the anatomy indicates a difference between the density of simple and glandular trichomes in leaf surface, deposit of wax, the thickness of leaf, the length of epidermal cells, palisade parenchyma cells, crystals in mesophyll, and the manner of compatibility to salinity. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that compatibility of Ohady cultivar is higher than Kaleh Ghochi and the degree of mechanical wounding depends on their development stages. In addition to results of previous studies which considered crop load as the main cause of fruit deformity. The present study indicates that, in spite of some reduction in total production of a tree, salinity decreases fruit deformity and to a high extent prevents the production of deformed fruit. Indeed, a remarkable reduction in production of deformed fruit will be yielded by selecting pistachio varieties which are resistant to salinity. Moreover, salinity increases the resistance of nuts to mechanical wounding. The results of this study suggest that in EC = 7.6, 12.6 deformity of nut is not related to crop load.展开更多
Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an...Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an annual value of about $2 billion (harvested crop). The taxonomic relationships among its species are controversial and not well under- stood due to the fact that they have no genetic barriers. The taxonomy of this genus is revised in detail through our re- search. It includes the following taxa: Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge subsp. chinensis, P. chinensis subsp. falcata (Bess. ex Martinelli) Rech. f., P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. f., P. eurycarpa Yalt., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L. subsp. lentiscus, P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir, P. mexicana Humb., Bonpl., & Kunth, P. X saportae Burnat, P. terebinthus L., P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. The genus is divided into two sections: section Pistacia and section Lentiscella. A key to the 14 taxa that have been recognized by this study is included. The new combination P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir is made, and the names P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. F., P. terebinthus L., and P. vera L. are lectotypified.展开更多
Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying applicat...Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.展开更多
基金Supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6072005)Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality(PXM2009-014207-076874)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to commercialize micropropagation of pistachio and provide good foundations for varieties improvement. [Method]The seeds and stem-segments were used as explants in the tissue culture of Pistacia vera ＇Kerman＇,tissue culture condition and medium and transplant matrix were researched for micropropagation of pistachio,[Result]Mediums of 1/2DKW and 1/2DKW＋3.00 mg/L of 6-BA ＋0.05 mg/L of NAA were suitable medium for seed germination and axillary bud induction of pistachio; Proliferation coefficient was 3.6 on the medium of 1/2DKW ＋4.00 mg/L of 6-BA ＋ 0.05 mg/L of IBA; Rooting rate was up to 75% on the medium of 1/2DKW ＋ 5.00 mg/L of IBA ＋ 1.00 mg/L of NAA; The suitable transplantation matrix was 3/4 sand ＋ 1/4 vermiculite,and survival rate of plant with root was above 79%. [Conclusion]The pistachio （Kerman） tissue culture technology system was established.
基金Supported by "948" Projects of State Forestry Administration "Introduction of Fine Varieties and Cultivation and Management Techniques of Pistacia vera" (96-4-71-02)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the occurrence rule of Pistacia vera leaf brown spot and the biological characteristics of its pathogen.[Method] The occurrence rule of P.vera leaf brown spot was investigated in field.A fungus was isolated and purified from the diseased tissue of P.vera,its cultural trait and morphological characteristics were observed in indoor experiment,and the classification status was identified according to its morphology.The effects of different temperatures on mycelial growth of the pathogen,as well as the effects of different temperatures and humidity on spore germination of the pathogen were also studied.[Result] P.vera leaf brown spot was a fungal disease,which mainly infected the leaves and fruits of P.vera,causing leaf spot and blight.The disease had serious incidence in introduction place of P.vera in China.The fungal disease was identified to be Alternaria alternaria,the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth was 20-25 ℃,the appropriate temperature for spore germination was 25-30 ℃,and the appropriate relative humidity was over 95%.[Conclusion] Late spring and early summer,as well as late summer and early autumn are two peak periods for incidence of the disease,continuous rain in summer is the decisive condition for the infection and outbreak of P.vera leaf brown spot.
文摘This study attempts to examine the effects of salinity on leaf, stem, and nut of Pistacia vera （Ohady and Kaleh Ghochi cultivars） in order to characterize their anatomical structures with electron and light microscopy. A comparative study of the anatomy indicates a difference between the density of simple and glandular trichomes in leaf surface, deposit of wax, the thickness of leaf, the length of epidermal cells, palisade parenchyma cells, crystals in mesophyll, and the manner of compatibility to salinity. The results obtained in this research demonstrate that compatibility of Ohady cultivar is higher than Kaleh Ghochi and the degree of mechanical wounding depends on their development stages. In addition to results of previous studies which considered crop load as the main cause of fruit deformity. The present study indicates that, in spite of some reduction in total production of a tree, salinity decreases fruit deformity and to a high extent prevents the production of deformed fruit. Indeed, a remarkable reduction in production of deformed fruit will be yielded by selecting pistachio varieties which are resistant to salinity. Moreover, salinity increases the resistance of nuts to mechanical wounding. The results of this study suggest that in EC = 7.6, 12.6 deformity of nut is not related to crop load.
文摘Pistacia is an economically important genus because it contains the pistachio crop, P. vera, which has edible seeds of considerable commercial importance whose value has increased over the last two decades reaching an annual value of about $2 billion (harvested crop). The taxonomic relationships among its species are controversial and not well under- stood due to the fact that they have no genetic barriers. The taxonomy of this genus is revised in detail through our re- search. It includes the following taxa: Pistacia atlantica Desf., P. chinensis Bunge subsp. chinensis, P. chinensis subsp. falcata (Bess. ex Martinelli) Rech. f., P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J.L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. f., P. eurycarpa Yalt., P. khinjuk Stocks, P. lentiscus L. subsp. lentiscus, P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir, P. mexicana Humb., Bonpl., & Kunth, P. X saportae Burnat, P. terebinthus L., P. vera L., and P. weinmannifolia Poiss. ex Franch. The genus is divided into two sections: section Pistacia and section Lentiscella. A key to the 14 taxa that have been recognized by this study is included. The new combination P. lentiscus subsp. emarginata (Engl.) AL-Saghir is made, and the names P. chinensis subsp. integerrima (J. L. Stew. ex Brandis) Rech. F., P. terebinthus L., and P. vera L. are lectotypified.
文摘Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.
