Establishment of rat model of combined kidney-adrenal gland allotransplantation

Objective： To establish a rat model of combined kidney-adrenal gland and allotransplantation, and to explore the immunoprotecive effect of the transplanted adrenal gland on the transplanted kidney in the combined transplantation. Methods. SD rats 160 served as donors and recipients. The combined kidney-adrenal gland allotransplantation was performed. Infusion was conducted and prepared at prime position ,and the kidney and adrenal gland were at the left side. Direct vascular anastomosis and operation of connecting ureter attached part of bladder with the bladder were conducted. The kidney pedicle of the right side was ligated. Results： A stable and mature rat model of combined transplantation was established. The warm ischemia time was 30 seconds, and the cold ischemia time was 90-120min.The average time was 100 min. The operation time was 150 min. The survival time of the recipients was 21 days. The successful rate of the operation was 75%. Conclusion： The model of the combined kidney-adrenal gland allotransplantation can be established with higher successful rate. The model can be used to explore that transplanted adrenal gland may have immunoprotecive effect on the transplanted kidney in the combined transplantation.

Alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary glands evoked by subacute chlorpyrifos administration in Wistar rats

Objective:To evaluate the alleviating effects of melatonin on oxidative changes in the testes and pituitary gland induced by subacute chlopyrifos（CPF） exposure in rats.Methods:Forty adult male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 10 animals were used for the study.Croup I received soya oil（2 mL/kg） while group II was administered with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg）.Group III was administered CPF only(8.5 mg/kg l/10th of the LD50) while group Ⅳ was pretreated with melatonin（0.5 mg/kg） and then exposed to CPF（8.5 mg/kg）,10 min later.The regimens were administered by gavage once daily for a period of 28 d.At the end of the exposure period, the rats were sacrificed and the testicular tissues and pituitary glands were evaluated for the malonaldehyde（MDA） concentration and activities of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and catalase（CAT）.Results:CPF increased MDA concentrations and reduced the activities of SOD and CAT in the testes and pituitary gland.Melatonin pretreatment reduced the testicular and pituitary MDA concentrations and improves the SOD and CAT activities.Conclusions:the study showed that subacute CPF-induced oxidative stress in the testes and pituitary glands were alleviated by melatonin due to its antioxidant property.

Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy inhibits aquaporin 4 and adrenocorticotropic hormone expression in the pituitary gland of rabbits with blast-induced craniocerebral injury

In the present study, rabbits were treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 1 hour after detonator-blastinduced craniocerebral injury. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly reduced aquaporin 4 expression and adrenocorticotropic hormone expression in the pituitary gland of rabbits with craniocerebral injury. Aquaporin 4 expression was positively correlated with adrenocorticotropic hormone expression. These findings indicate that early hyperbaric oxygen therapy may suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion by inhibiting aquaporin 4 expression.

Establishing a protein expression profile database for the normal human pituitary gland using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry

In this study, we selected adult normal pituitary gland tissues from six patients during operations for pituitary microadenomas via the transsphenoidal approach for extended normal pituitary tissue resection around the tumor, and analyzed the protein expression of human normal pituitary using two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography combined with LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometry proteomics technology. The ten most highly expressed proteins in normal human pituitary were： alpha 3 type VI collagen isoform 5 precursor （abundance among tall pituitary proteins 1.30%）, fibrinogen beta chain preproprotein （0.99%）, vimentin （0.73%）, prolactin （0.69%）, ATP synthase, H~ transporting and mitochondrial F1 complex beta subunit precursor （0.52%）, keratin I （0.49%）, growth hormone （0.45%）, carbonic anhydrase I （0.40%）, heat shock protein 90 kDa I （0.31%）, and annexin V （0.30%）. Based on the biological function classifications of these proteins, the top three categories by content were neuroendocrine proteins （abundance among all pituitary proteins, 40.1%）, catalytic and metabolic proteins （28.3%）, and cell signal transduction proteins （9.8%）. Based on cell positioning classification, the top three categories were cell organelle （24.5%） membrane （20.8%）, and cytoplasm （13.0%）. Based on biological process classification, the top three categories of proteins are involved in physiological processes （42.9%）, cellular processes （40.4%）, and regulation of biological processes （9.1%）. Our experimental findings indicate that a protein expression profile database of normal human pituitary can be precisely and efficiently established by proteomics technology.

Gene Expression Changes in the Pituitary Gland of Rats Exposed to Electromagnetic Pulses

Objective We examined alterations in the expression of tumorigenesis‐related genes in the pituitary gland of rats exposed to electromagnetic pulses （EMP）.Methods The global gene expression profiles of the pituitary gland in EMP‐exposed and control groups were detected by cDNA microarray analysis.We then validated and further investigated the reduced expression of two tumorigenesis‐related genes,Pten,and Jund,by assessing their mRNA and protein expression by quantitative real‐time‐PCR,western blotting,and immunohistochemistry in the pituitary gland of rats 6 months after exposure to EMP.Results EMP exposure induced genome‐wide gene expression changes in the rat pituitary gland.There was decreased expression of the Pten and Jund mRNAs and proteins in EMP‐exposed rats compared with in unexposed control animals.Conclusion EMP exposure alters the expression of tumorigenesis‐related genes in the pituitary gland.These tumorigenesis‐related genes are potentially involved in the development of pituitary gland tumors in rats.

Immunocytochemical identification and distribution of the cell types in the pituitary gland of <i>Bagrus bayad</i>(<i>Teleostei, Bagridae</i>)

Immunocytochemical identification of the different cell types in the pituitary gland of Bagrus bayad was performed using antisera against mammalian (human and rat) and piscine hormones. The adenohypophysis was composed of rostral pars distalis (RPD), proximal pars distalis (PPD) and pars intermedia (PI). Prolactin and adrenocorticotrophic cells were located in the rostral pars distalis of the pituitary. Gonadotrophic and growth hormone cells were distributed in the proximal pars distalis, but gonadotrophic cells appear also at the border of the pars intermedia. Somatolactin cells, as well as alpha-melanotrophic cells were located in the pars intermedia of B. bayad pitui-tary. The prolactin (PRL) cells were distributed in the RPD stained with orange G and showed strong immunoreactivity with antiserum to chum salmon. The adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) cells were lead hema-toxylin-positive (PbH+) and showed strong im- mu-noreactivity with anti-human ACTH;these cells bor-dered the neurohypophysis and grouped in islets be-tween PRL cells in the RPD. Growth hormone (GH) cells were densely distributed with the gonadotrophic (GTH) cells in the PPD. They were orange G positive and reacted with antiserum to chum salmon. GTH cells were located in the central area of the PPD and in the external border of the PI. These cells were Alcyan Blue and PAS positive, and immunostained with anti-chum salmon GTH Iβ and anti-chum salmon GTH IIβ. In addition, antiserum to rat thyrotropin stimulating hormone β (TSHβ) reacted positively to the GTH cells. These results suggest that GTH I, GTH II and TSH are synthesized in the same cells in the pituitary of B. bayad. The PI was composed mainly of PbH+ cells and a PAS+ cell adjacent to the neurohypophysis. The PAS+ cells from the PI bound specifically to anti-chum somatolactin. Anti-alpha- melanin stimulating hormone (MSH) stained only the PbH+ (alpha-melanotrophic) cells of the PI.

Oral graft vs host disease:An immune system disorder in hematopoietic cell transplantation

Graft vs host disease(GVHD) is a complication of patients who are treated by hematopoietic cell transplantation.National Institutes of Health in 2005 by Working Group on Diagnosis and Staging Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic GVHD(cGVHD) established 2 principal categories of oral GVHD, acute and chronic. The oral mucosa may be the first site of manifestation of the disease. Clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed by a biopsy of oral mucosa and minor salivary glands. Microscopic results have played a major role in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic oral GVHD. Development of second malignancies is the greatest risk of oral cGVHD patients, mostly regarding squamous cell carcinoma. The focus of oral GVHD therapy is to improve symptoms and maintain oral function. The aim of this review article is to update the information on the oral GVHD in its clinical, microscopic features and their complications.

Renal transplantation in gigantism: A case report

BACKGROUND Gigantism,characterized by excessive growth and height is due to increased secretion of growth hormone,most commonly from a pituitary adenoma.In addition to the surgical and anesthetic complexity,the extreme stature of these patients presents a unique challenge for kidney transplantation in deciding whether to proceed with a single or dual kidney transplantation.The lack of relevant literature further adds to the dilemma.CASE SUMMARY A 45-year-old patient with untreated gigantism and end stage renal failure on renal replacement therapy was waitlisted for a deceased donor dual kidney transplantation due to the extreme physical stature(Height-247 cm and weight-200 kg).He was offered 2 kidneys from a 1-0-1 HLA mismatched 24-year-old DCD donor(Height-179 cm and weight-75 kg),and was planned for a bilateral retroperitoneal implantation into the recipient external iliac vessels.The immunosuppression consisted of alemtuzumab induction(50 mg)and steroidfree maintenance with tacrolimus.The donor’s right kidney was uneventfully implanted extra-peritoneally into the right external iliac vessels.On contralateral exposure,the left common and external iliac arteries were ectatic and frail.A complex vascular reconstruction was not preferred in order to preserve the arterial supply to the left lower limb,to minimise the cold ischemia time and prevent additional warm ischemic insult to the second kidney.Hence,it was decided not to proceed with dual transplantation.Amidst concerns of nephron mass insufficiency,the graft function was remarkable with a serum creatinine of 120μmol/L within a month from transplantation and 94μmol/L at 1-year post transplantation,and without proteinuria.CONCLUSION To our knowledge,this is the first case report on kidney transplantation in gigantism.Although it is believed that dual kidney transplantation is ideal,a single kidney transplantation from an appropriately selected donor can provide sufficient functioning nephron mass in patients with gigantism.

Morphological comparison and gonadotropins cell localization of mature female turbot and mouse pituitary

Reproduction is subtlety regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad(HPG)axis in vertebrates.Pituitary gland is the center of the HPG axis,while pituitary gonadotropins follicle stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were identified the key elements of the HPG axis in teleost and mammal.Morphology,cell lines,and gonadotropins cell localization of female turbot and mouse pituitary were determined at mature stage to illustrate the anatomical difference and cell characteristics in this study.Results show that turbot pituitary is chicken heart-shaped,dorsoventral,located on the ventral surface of the diencephalon.The mouse pituitary is oval,located in the pituitary fossa of the sella turcica at the skull base.Two well-distinguished areas adenohypophysis(AH)and neurohypophysis(NH)in pituitary were identified in turbot and mouse.Turbot AH comprised the rostral pars distalis(RPD),proximal pars distalis(PPD),and pars intermedia(PI).NH was not pronounced and with finger-like protrusions into PPD.However,mouse AH only comprised the pars distalis(PD)and PI.NH distribution was semicircular.Three main types of cells(acidophilic,basophilic,and chromophobic cells)were distributed in the mouse PD region,whereas appeared in the turbot PPD,RPD,and PI.Moreover,the percentage of mouse chromophobic and basophilic cells was higher and lower than that of turbot,respectively.The diameter of the aforementioned three cells in the mouse was significantly higher than turbot.fshβ-and lhβ-immunoreactive signals were identified in turbot-distinct pituitary cells that primarily occupied the peripheral and central regions of AH.However,mouse fsh-and lh-immunoreactive cells were expressed in the same cells and present in the PD.These results demonstrate the significantly difference of pituitary morphology,cell lines and gonadotropins(fshβand lhβ)location in female turbot and mouse.These differences help for fully understand the evolution and endocrinological functions of pituitary.

甲状腺切除术中甲状旁腺原位保留联合半量自体移植的临床疗效

目的:探究甲状腺全切并中央区清扫时甲状旁腺原位保留联合半量移植的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2017年09月至2023年01月行甲状腺全切并中央区清扫术的128例甲状腺乳头状癌患者;按不同甲状旁腺处理方式分为原位保留组(n=58例)、原位保留联合半量移植组(联合组)(n=27例)及全移植组(n=43例),对于三组间患者临床及随访资料进行比较及统计分析。结果:联合组及全移植组术后PTH减低比例明显低于原位保留组(P<0.05);术后第7天时,联合组PTH减低比例(7.4%)低于全移植组(27.9%)(χ^(2)=4.356,P=0.037);联合组同全移植组出现永久性甲状旁腺功能低下患者比例(分别为0%和2.3%)明显低于原位保留组(12.1%)(χ^(2)=6.282,P=0.043);术后30天时联合组及全移植组低钙发生率(分别为3.7%和7%)明显低于原位保留组(27.6%)(χ^(2)=12.310,P=0.002)。结论:对于原位保留的甲状旁腺术中无法判断血供或血供可疑障碍时甲状旁腺原位保留联合半量自体移植作为双保险的方案优势明显;其术后甲状旁腺激素水平恢复速度快,发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下比例低。

Down-regulation of Leucine-rich Repeats and Immunoglobulin-like Domain Proteins (LRIG1-3) in HP75 Pituitary Adenoma Cell Line

Three human leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains （LRIG） genes and proteins, named LRIG1-3, has been previously characterized and it was proposed that they may act as suppressors of tumor growth. The LRIG1 protein can inhibit the growth of tumors of glial cells and the down-regulation of the LRIG1 gene may be involved in the development and progression of the tumor. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） is a recently developed technique for quantitative assessment of specific RNA levels. In the current study, it was demonstrated that LRIG1-3 and EGFR mRNA was detected in human pituitary adenoma cell lines and a normal pituitary sample, with differences in the expression levels. Compared to the normal pituitary samples, the expression of LRIG1-3 in HP75 cell line was lower, but the expression of EGFR in HP75 cell line was higher. The results are consistent with LRIG1-3 being tumour suppressor genes, and LRIG genes decreasing the expression of EGFR. The ratio of EGFR/LRIGl was increased at least 13-fold in HP75 cells compared with the normal pituitary cells, which was also the case for the ratio of EGFR/LRIG2 （14-fold increase in HP75） and EGFR/LRIG3 （11-fold increase in HP75）. Further studies were needed to elucidate the explicit role of LRIG genes as negative regulators of oncogenesis in human pituitary adenoma.

Gut microbiota contributes to the development of endometrial glands in gilts during the ovary-dependent period

Background:The hyper-prolificacy Meishan gilts achieved a superior endometrial gland development(EGD)than white crossbred gilts during the ovary-independent period(before 60 d of age).Then,the EGD continues under the management of ovary-derived steroid hormones that regulated by gut microbiota(after 60 d of age).However,whether Meishan gilts’superiority in EGD lasting to the ovary-dependent period(after 60 d of age)and the role of gut microbiota in this period both remain unclear.Methods:Meishan gilts and Landrace x Yorkshire(LxY)gilts were raised under the same housing and feeding conditions until sexual maturity and then we compared their EGD and gut microbiota.Meanwhile,we transplanted fecal microbiota from Meishan gilts to L×Y gilts to explore the role of gut microbiota in EGD.We sampled plasma every 3 weeks and collected the uterus,ovary,liver,and rectal feces after the sacrifice.We then determined the hormone concentrations and expressions of the EGD-related genes.We also profiled the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolites of plasma and liver tissue using untargeted metabolomics.Finally,the correlation analysis and significant test was conducted between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices.Results:Meishan gilts have larger endometrial gland area(P<0.001),longer uterine horn length(P<0.01)but lighter uterine horn weight(P<0.05),a distinctive gut microbiota compared with L×Y gilts.Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)increased endometrial gland area(P<0.01).FMT markedly shifted the metabolite profiles of both liver and plasma,and these differential metabolites enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway.FMT increased estradiol and insulin-like growth factor 1 but decreased progesterone dynamically.FMT also increased the expression of the EGD-related genes estrogen receptor 1 gene,epithelial cadherin,and forkhead box protein A2.There is a significant correlation between FMT-shifted gut microbes and EGD-related indices.Conclusion:Sexually matured Meishan gilts achieved a superior EGD than LxY gilts.Meanwhile,gut microbiota contribute to the EGD potentially via regulating of steroid hormones during the ovary-dependent period.

CD28/B7-MEDIATED COSTIMULATION IS REQUIRED FOR PARATHYROID GLAND ALLOGRAFT REJECTION IN RATS

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Microencapsulation of Mixed Fetal Pituitary-Hypothalamic-Nigral Cells

With the microencapsulation technique for immunoisolation of transplanted tissues, a study on pituitary transplantation was performed in our lab. Mixed fetal pituitary hypothalamic nigral cells were microencapsulated and cultured to investigate the secretion of growth hormone (GH), prolactin(PRL) and PRL releasing function stimulated by thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the medium. Rabbits were immunized with the encapsulated cells for 50 days. The results revealed that: ①GH, PRL could be secreted into medium through the capsules; ②PRL concentration augmented when TRH was added to the medium; ③No antibody against the fetal brain tissue could be detected in rabbit serum. These indicated that the material and the procedure of microencapsulation did not disturb the viability and function of encapsulated cells; the membrane of the microencapsulation was permeable to the pituitary hormones and hypothalamic factors, and had the function of immunoisolation.

Pituitary-Thyroid Dysfunction in a Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Patient

The pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy has not been clearly elucidated and involvement of autoimmune damage has been proposed. We report a 23-year-old man who was emergently hospitalized for paroxysmal syncope and involuntary tremor with normal physical examination except for low heart rate. The patient was characterized by neurological symptoms, mild hypothyroidism, enlarged pituitary gland and extremely elevated thyrotropin, which all were reversed with levothyroxine alone. The case indicated that the pituitary-thyroid dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, hence, evaluation of pituitary gland should be recommended in diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy.

1例蝶窦异位垂体瘤影像学表现

患者男,56岁,枕部间断疼痛伴嗅觉减退、视远物模糊1个月,无视野缺损;既往糖尿病10余年,未规律监测血糖。前鼻镜检查未见明显异常。实验室检查:孕酮0.04ng/ml,睾酮38.67ng/dl,甲状腺素11.60μg/dl,游离甲状腺素1.80ng/dl。颅脑CT/MRI:蝶窦、斜坡处3.9cm×2.5cm×2.3cm等低混杂密度不规则团块,局部骨质破坏(图1A、1B),T1WI以等信号为主(图1C),T2WI呈不均匀高信号(图1D),增强后不均匀强化(图1E),蝶窦偏左部分呈中度强化。

不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体转录组功能分析

【目的】对不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体进行转录组测序分析,了解不同光色条件下京海黄鸡垂体的表达谱,旨在筛选出红光影响京海黄鸡生殖激素合成的关键基因,为提高种鸡产蛋性能提供理论基础。【方法】红光组京海黄鸡产蛋量(90.61枚)显著高于白光组(87.44枚)(P<0.05)。选取红光和白光条件下京海黄鸡各3只,采集其垂体进行高通量测序,利用HISAT和DESeq等方法获得差异表达基因(DEGs)进行GO功能注释和KEGG信号通路富集分析。【结果】通过高通量测序获得4892794884~4980565639条Raw reads,比对到参考基因组的read比对率在92.00%以上,GC含量为48.54%~49.11%。将红光和白光条件下京海黄鸡的垂体进行比较,共获得155个DEGs,其中红光组与白光组(RP vs WP)相比,有90个基因表达上调和65个基因表达下调。对DEGs进行GO功能注释分析,主要在生物调控、细胞过程、细胞、细胞组分、连接和催化活性功能等重要生物途径。KEGG信号通路分析结果显示,DEGs主要富集在细胞因子—细胞因子受体相互作用、类固醇激素的生物合成通路、视黄醇的新陈代谢、花生四烯酸代谢、神经活性配体—受体相互作用等信号通路,这些通路中的促性腺激素释放激素基因(GNRH1)、分泌型磷蛋白1基因(SPP1)、信号转导蛋白1基因(SMAD1)、骨形态形成蛋白拮抗蛋白2抗体基因(GREM2)和表皮调节素基因(EREG)等表达可能受光色的影响,从而影响种鸡的产蛋性能。实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结果证明了转录组测序结果准确可靠。【结论】与白光相比,红光能显著提高京海黄鸡的产蛋量。筛选获得的GNRH1、SPP1、SMAD1、GREM2和EREG等基因可能在光色调控京海黄鸡产蛋性能中发挥重要作用,可作为种鸡垂体组织调控其产蛋性能分子机制研究的关键基因。

腺垂体功能减退症123例临床分析

目的 提高对腺垂体功能减退症的认识。方法 对安徽医科大学第二附属医院内分泌科2015年8月至2020年9月收治的123例腺垂体功能减退症病人的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 男47例(38.2%),女76例(61.8%),年龄范围16~83岁。颅内占位或术后49例(39.9%),希恩综合征39例(31.7%),空泡蝶鞍综合征15例(12.2%),下丘脑-垂体发育不良9例(7.3%),病因不明11例(8.9%)。以消化道症状就诊47例(38.2%,为首要就诊症状),垂体危象23例(18.7%)。性腺轴受损104例(86.7%,为最主要受损腺体),3个腺体(性腺轴、甲状腺轴、肾上腺轴)均受损61例(55.5%)。低钠血症60例(52.2%),血脂异常87例(75%),低血糖21例(18.8%),贫血47例(40.9%)。结论 腺垂体功能减退症临床表现多样,应提高对该病的认识,避免误诊和漏诊,确诊后及时予以激素替代治疗。

基于淫羊藿治疗下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤药物有效化学成分及其作用靶点的网络药理学与分子对接技术分析

目的:采用网络药理学方法联合分子对接技术分析淫羊藿治疗下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤药物有效化学成分及其作用靶点,并初步阐明其作用机制。方法:采用中药系统药理学(TCMSP)数据库和分析平台结合相关文献资料获取淫羊藿的有效化学成分及其对应的靶点蛋白,采用Uniprot数据库将靶点蛋白信息标准化得到对应的标准基因名,检索GeneCards数据库和DisGeNET数据库收集下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤的相关靶点基因,采用Cytoscape3.7.1软件绘制淫羊藿有效化学成分和疾病作用靶点关系的网络图,采用STRING数据库绘制药物与疾病的交集靶点的蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络图,采用基迪奥生物信息平台(OmicShare)进行基因本体(GO)功能富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)信号通路富集分析,采用Pymol软件和Autodock Tools软件进行淫羊藿药材有效化学成分与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤靶点蛋白的分子模拟对接和可视化。结果:筛选得到27个淫羊藿有效化学成分和217个相对应作用靶点,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤靶点基因465个,其中62个靶点基因与淫羊藿治疗下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤有密切关联。得到淫羊藿关键有效成分为槲皮素、木樨草素、山柰酚和淫羊藿苷等,关键靶点蛋白为含半胱氨酸的半胱氨酸蛋白酶3 (Caspase-3)、白细胞介素6 (IL-6)、低聚糖(FOS)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、低氧诱导因子1α (HIF1A)、血管内皮生长因子A (VEGFA)、白细胞介素1B (IL-1β)、雌激素受体1 (ESR1)、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2 (PTGS2)和基质金属蛋白酶9 (MMP-9)等。KEGG信号通路富集分析,其共同靶点主要富集于免疫炎症、激素调节和能量代谢等相关通路上。分子对接,淫羊藿中的潜在有效成分与IL-6、PTGS2、醛糖还原酶(AR)和促分裂原活化蛋白激酶1 (MAPK1)等靶点蛋白有较好的亲和作用。结论:淫羊藿可通过多靶点和多通路在抗炎免疫、激素调节及能量代谢等方面对下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺/性腺/甲状腺轴功能损伤发挥潜在的治疗作用。

肉桂对肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴相关mRNA表达及组织病理变化的影响

为探讨肉桂补肾助阳的作用机制,对连续灌胃肉桂后的肾阳虚大鼠下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴相关mRNA表达及组织病理变化进行了考察。采用腹腔注射氢化可的松复制肾阳虚证大鼠模型,将大鼠分为对照组(CON组)、肾阳虚模型组(MOD组)、低剂量肉桂组(RGL组)和高剂量肉桂组(RGH组)。RGH组和RGL组大鼠分别连续4周灌胃不同剂量的肉桂提取液(8.1 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)和4.05 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)),CON组和MOD组给予相同体积生理盐水。实验结束后,分别检测血液生化指标和下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴相关腺体脏器指数、血浆激素水平、mRNA表达,及相关组织的病理变化。结果显示,与CON组比,MOD组下丘脑指数、肾上腺指数、胸腺指数、甲状腺指数和睾丸指数均显著降低(P<0.01),垂体指数有降低趋势但无显著性差异;大鼠血浆促肾上腺激素(ACTH)、皮质酮(CORT)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T4)、睾酮(T)水平和下丘脑促甲状腺激素释放激素(TRH)mRNA、促性腺激素释放激素(Gn-RH)mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),血浆雌二醇(E2)水平下丘脑促肾上腺激素释放激素(CRH)mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05),下丘脑、肾上腺、胸腺、睾丸病理组织形态也发生病理改变;与MOD组相比,RGL组和RGH组各项指标均显著降低(P>0.05),病理损伤有所减轻。实验验证了肉桂对肾阳虚大鼠的改善作用,其机制与下丘脑-垂体-靶腺轴的全面调控作用相关。研究可为揭示肉桂补肾作用机制,为肾阳虚证的临床防治奠定基础。