Epigenetic changes of pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene 1 in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with abnormal genetic changes. The pituitary tumor-derived transforming gene (PTTG) is considered to be implicated in the tumorigenesis of cancers when the gene is epigenetically transformed. In this study, we investigated the relationships between aberrant expression and epigenetic changes of the PTTG1 gene in pancreatic cancer. METHODS: We chose 4 cell lines (PANC-1, Colo357, T3M-4 and PancTu I) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues. After using restriction isoschizomer endonucleases (Msp I /Hpa II) to digest the DNA sequence (5'-CCGG-3'), we performed PCR reaction to amplify the product. And RT-PCR was applied to determine the gene expression. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of the PTTG1 gene was higher in pancreatic tumor than in normal tissue. The gene was also expressed in the 4 PDAC cell lines. The methylation states of the upstream regions of the PTTG1 gene were almost identical in normal, tumor pancreatic tissues and the 4 PDAC cell lines. Some (5'-CCGG-3') areas in the upstream region of PTTG1 were methylated, while some others were unmethylated. CONCLUSIONS: The oncogene PTTG1 was overexpressed in pancreatic tumor tissues and verified by RT-PCR detection. The methylation status of DNA in promoter areas was involved in the gene expression with the help of other factors in pancreatic cancer.

Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 on pituitary tumor transforming gene in glioma C6 cells

Objective: To investigate the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in glioma C6 cells. Methods: Glioma C6 cells were divided into four groups: A group, treated without IGF-1; B group, treated with 0.1 ng/mL dose of IGF-1; C group, treated with 1 ng/mL dose of IGF-1; D group, treated with 10 ng/mL dose of IGF-1. PTTG mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting was used to detect the expression of PTTG protein. Results: The expressions of PTTG mRNA were 1.370 ± 0.212, 2.198 ± 0.354, 3.452 ± 0.332, and 4.576 ± 0.387 respectively in the four groups, and there was a significantly difference between any two groups (P < 0.01). The protein expressions of PTTG in the four groups were 1.407 ± 0.334, 1.813 ± 0.465, 2.412 ± 0.576, and 3.128 ± 0.665 respectively, and there was a significantly difference between any two groups (P < 0.01). Conclusion: IGF-1 can up-regulate the expression of PTTG significantly in dosage-dependent manner.

IN SITU PCR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON p16 GENE IN PITUITARY ADENOMAS

Objective: To examine the occurrence of p16 gene deletion and to analyze p16 expression on paraffin-embedded human pituitary adenoma specimens. Efforts were made to optimize the technical conditions forin situ PCR. Methods:In situ PCR techniques and inimuno-histochemistry were used. Results: Immunohistochemically, p16-positive tumor cells were observed in all cases with various proportions. The majority of the stromal cells and part of tumor cells was devoid of p16 immunostaining, but signal ofin situ PCR for p16 gene, exon 2, was displayed in these cells. Conclusion: The results implied that p16 gene might not be deleted in these pituitary adenomas. It also indicated thatin situ PCR, both direct and indirect methods, proved feasible and informative to the aim of DNA detection. It is critical to overcome non-specific amplification in directin situ PCR by means of higher annealing temperature, fewer cycle, lower magnesium concentration and stringent washing. A target DNA-deleted sample as the negative control is extremely necessary. For the indirect method, the way to improve the sensitivity is to loosen the conditions for amplification and washing, so that more amplification products are subject to hybridization, and signal detection is facilitated.

Correlation of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 with proliferation and invasion genes in prostate cancer

Objective:To study the change of pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) expression in prostate cancer and its correlation with proliferation and invasion genes.Methods: Patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical operation in our hospital between March 2015 and January 2018 were selected as the malignant group of the research, and the prostate cancer lesions were collected;patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate due to benign prostatic hyperplasia in our hospital during the same period were selected as the benign group of the research, and the benign prostate lesions were collected. The mRNA expression levels of PTTG1, proliferation genes and invasion genes in the lesions were determined. Results:PTTG1, Survivin, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, GPRC6A, ZEB1, CatB, CatD and PAR-1 mRNA expression in prostate cancer lesions of malignant group were significantly higher than those of benign group whereas CDKN2, p21 and TFPI2 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those of benign group;Survivin, Bcl-2, CyclinD1, GPRC6A, ZEB1, CatB, CatD and PAR-1 mRNA expression in prostate cancer lesions with high PTTG1 were significantly higher than those in prostate cancer lesions with low PTTG1 whereas CDKN2, p21 and TFPI2 mRNA expression were significantly lower than those in prostate cancer lesions with low PTTG1.Conclusion:The PTTG1 gene is highly expressed in prostate cancer lesions and it is closely related to the changes of proliferation and invasion gene expression.

miR-362-3p调控垂体肿瘤转化基因1抑制口腔鳞状细胞癌侵袭及增殖的研究

目的探讨垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)在miR-362-3p作用下对口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)细胞Cal-27、HN-30侵袭以及增殖能力的影响。方法生物信息学在线数据库查询PTTG1在头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)中的表达。蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)实验检测PTTG1在Cal-27、HN-30以及HOK细胞系中的表达。划痕愈合实验、Transwell侵袭实验及5-乙炔基-2’脱氧尿嘧啶核苷(EdU)细胞增殖实验检测PTTG1对Cal-27、HN-30细胞迁移、侵袭、增殖的影响。生物信息学在线数据库预测PTTG1的上游miRNA,双荧光素酶实验检测结合情况,实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测该miRNA在组织中的表达。结果ENCORI数据库结果显示PTTG1在OSCC组织中表达上调;Western blot实验显示Cal-27、HN-30细胞中PTTG1表达量较HOK细胞中高。转染Si-PTTG1质粒的Cal-27、HN-30细胞的迁移能力、侵袭能力和细胞增殖能力均较对照组降低(P<0.05)。通过网站预测出PTTG1的上游miRNA为miR-362-3p,双荧光素酶实验检测出PTTG1与miR-362-3p存在结合位点;qRT-PCR检测结果显示miR-362-3p在OSCC肿瘤组织中相对于正常组织表达下调(P<0.05);并且敲低miR-362-3p的表达后能够促进敲低PTTG1后的Cal-27、HN-30侵袭和增殖。结论miR-362-3p可通过靶向PTTG1抑制Cal-27、HN-30细胞侵袭、增殖。

Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal selection of genes for puberty in Bama Xiang pigs

The Bama Xiang pig （BMX） Chinese indigenous breed is a famous early-maturing with a two-end black coat To uncover the genetic basis of the BMX phenotype, we conducted comparative genomic analyses between BMX and East Asian wild boars and Laiwu pigs, respectively. Genes under positive selection were enriched in pathways associated with gonadal hormone and melanin synthesis, consistent with the phenotypic changes observed during development in BMX pigs. We also performed differentially expressed gene analysis based on RNA-seq data from pituitary tissues of BMX and Large White pigs. The CTTNBP2NL, FRS2, KANK4, and KATNAL1 genes were under selection and exhibited expressional changes in the pituitary tissue, which may affect BMX pig puberty. Our study demonstrated the positive selection of early maturity in the development of BMX pigs and advances our knowledge on the role of regulatory elements in puberty evolution in pigs.

Cloning,tissue distribution and effects of fasting on pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in largemouth bass

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide （PACAP） has a wide range of biological functions. We cloned the full-length cDNAs encoding PACAP and PACAP-related peptide （PRP） from the brain of largemouth bass （Micropterus salmoides） and used real-time quantitative PCR to detect PRP- PACAP mRNA expression. The PRP-PACAP cDNA has two variants expressed via alternative splicing： a long form, which encodes both PRP and PACAP, and a short form, which encodes only PACAR Sequence analysis results are consistent with a higher conservation of PACAP than PRP peptide sequences. The expression of PACAP-Iong and PACAP-short transcripts was highest in the forebrain, followed by the medulla, midbrain, pituitary, stomach, cerebellum, intestine, and kidney; however, these transcripts were either absent or were weakly expressed in the muscle, spleen, gill, heart, fatty tissue, and liver. The level of PACAP-short transcript expression was significantly higher than expression of the long transcript in the forebrain, cerebella, pituitary and intestine, but lower than that of the long transcript in the stomach. PA CAP- long and PACAP-short transcripts were first detected at the blastula stage of embryogenesis, and the level of expression increased markedly between the muscular contraction stage and 3 d post hatch （dph）. The expression of PACAP-long and PACAP-short transcripts decreased significantly in the brain following 4 d fasting compared with the control diet group. The down-regulation effect was enhanced as fasting continued. Conversely, expression levels increased significantly after 3 d of re-feeding. Our results suggest that PRP- PA CAP acts as an important factor in appetite regulation in largemouth bass.

A Qualitative Model of the Interaction of Sexual Behavior and Hormone Gene Transcription in Male Blue Gourami during Reproduction

In the present study, a model is suggested to describe hormone control in male blue gourami (Trichogaster trichopterus) along the gonadotropic brain-pituitary- gonad axis (BPG axis) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-somatotropic axis (HPS axis). This model is based on the cloning and transcription of genes encoding hormones of the two axes involved in spermatogenesis during blue gourami reproduction. Gene transcription is affected by environmental, biological, and behavioral factors. Mature males were examined in two different stages—nonreproductive in high-density habitats and reproductive in low-density habitats. Based on gene transcription, gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) was involved in controlling spermatogenesis (spermatogonia to spermatids) via the BPG axis in nonreproductive and reproductive stages by controlling follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and 17β-estradiol (E2). However, GnRH3 had a larger effect during the reproductive stage via the BPG axis (spermatids to sperm) on luteinizing hormone (LH), 11KT, and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17P). At the same time, the HPS axis was involved in spermatogenesis via pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its related peptide PRP (formerly known as GHRH-like peptide) in the brain, and growth hormone (GH) in the pituitary affected synthesis of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the liver.

血清PTTG1 TK1 LncRNA水平在原发性喉癌临床诊断及疗效预测中的价值

目的 探究血清垂体瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)、胸苷激酶1(TK1)、长链非编码RNA H19(lncRNA H19)在原发性喉癌临床诊断及疗效预测中的应用价值。方法 选取2016年1月至2021年5月于河南省南阳市中心医院收治的143例疑似原发性喉癌患者为研究对象,根据病理诊断结果,将原发性喉癌的患者设为观察组(n=61),将良性病变的患者设为对照组(n=82)。比较两组患者血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19水平差异,使用受试者特征(ROC)曲线分析血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19水平对原发性喉癌的诊断效能。使用单因素方差分析观察组不同原发性喉癌分期患者血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19水平的差异,比较不同疗效患者血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19水平差异,使用ROC曲线探究血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19水平对患者疗效的预测价值。结果 观察组血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19表达水平均高于对照组(P均<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19表达水平对原发性喉癌患者的诊断效能均较高(AUC=0.897、0.869、0.968,P均<0.05);经单因素方差分析,不同分期的原发性喉癌患者之间,血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19表达水平均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有效组患者血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19表达水平均低于无效组(P均<0.05);ROC曲线结果显示,血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19表达水平对原发性喉癌患者疗效的预测效能均较高(AUC=0.855、0.785、0.678,P均<0.05)。结论 血清PTTG1、TK1、LncRNA H19用于诊断原发性喉癌,其预测分期和疗效价值均较高。

胃癌组织中KLF6和PTTG1的表达与胃癌淋巴结转移及预后的关系

目的:探讨Kruppel样因子6(KLF6)、垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)在胃癌组织中的表达,并分析两者与胃癌淋巴结转移及预后的关系。方法:选取2018年4月—2019年10月诊治的80例胃癌患者,收集患者术中切除的癌组织及癌旁正常组织。采用免疫组织化学法对KLF6、PTTG1的表达进行检测;Spearman法分析胃癌组织中KLF6和PTTG1表达的相关性;Logistic回归分析影响淋巴结转移的因素;Kaplan-meier法分析胃癌组织中KLF6和PTTG1表达与患者预后的关系;Cox回归分析患者预后的影响因素。结果:与癌旁正常组织相比,胃癌组织中KLF6低表达率、PTTG1高表达率明显升高(P<0.05);胃癌组织中KLF6、PTTG1表达呈负相关(r=-0.502,P<0.05);胃癌淋巴结转移患者KLF6低表达、PTTG1高表达比例明显高于无淋巴结转移患者(P<0.05);KLF6是淋巴结转移的保护因素(P<0.05),PTTG1是淋巴结转移的危险因素(P<0.05)。KLF6高表达组生存率显著高于低表达组(χ^(2)=8.557,P<0.05),PTTG1低表达组生存率显著高于高表达组(χ^(2)=5.637,P<0.05);KLF6是患者预后的保护因素(P<0.05),淋巴结转移、PTTG1是患者预后的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:胃癌组织中KLF6低表达、PTTG1高表达,均与胃癌淋巴结转移及预后有关。

从突触可塑性出发探讨抑郁症和失眠的共病双向机制

失眠是抑郁症最常见的伴随症状之一,二者具有高度重合的分子机制。通过相似的病理学改变可以引发失眠和抑郁症的共病,随着病程进展可能形成恶性循环。因此,了解失眠、抑郁症二者潜在交互机制对于临床诊疗十分重要。共病基因、下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴与皮质醇昼夜节律、免疫炎症、大脑奖赏机制是参与共病发生、发展的重要途径,但由于缺乏相关研究数据,详细的分子机制有待进一步阐明。突触可塑性是神经功能稳定的坚实基础,抑郁症和失眠的病理改变都可能影响神经递质的产生和释放、树突棘剪切和消除等过程,表现为异常的突触活动。探究突触可塑性研究路径并构建抑郁症和失眠共病发生及影响的综合模型,可为临床抑郁症和失眠共病的治疗方案提供新思路。

A systematic survey of LU domain-containing proteins reveals a novel human gene,LY6A,which encodes the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 and is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors

The Ly-6 and uPAR(LU)domain-containing proteins represent a large family of cell-surface markers.In particular,mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 is a widely used marker for various stem cells;however,its human ortholog is missing.In this study,based on a systematic survey and comparative genomic study of mouse and human LU domain-containing proteins,we identified a previously unannotated human gene encoding the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1.This gene,hereby named LY6A,reversely overlaps with a lncRNA gene in the majority of exonic sequences.We found that LY6A is aberrantly expressed in pituitary tumors,but not in normal pituitary tissues,and may contribute to tumorigenesis.Similar to mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1,human LY6A is also upregulated by interferon,suggesting a conserved transcriptional regulatory mechanism between humans and mice.We cloned the full-length LY6A cDNA,whose encoded protein sequence,domain architecture,and exon‒intron structures are all well conserved with mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1.Ectopic expression of the LY6A protein in cells demonstrates that it acts the same as mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1 in their processing and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring to the cell membrane.Collectively,these studies unveil a novel human gene encoding a candidate biomarker and provide an interesting model gene for studying gene regulatory and evolutionary mechanisms.

槲皮素通过生长抑制特异性基因5调节微小RNA-23a-3p和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路抑制垂体神经内分泌肿瘤的增殖机制

目的:探讨槲皮素对垂体神经内分泌肿瘤(PitNETs)生长的抑制作用及其可能机制。方法:通过Starbase工具预测生长抑制特异性基因5(GAS5)与微小RNA-23a-3p(miR-23a-3p)结合情况,双荧光素酶报告实验和RNA免疫沉淀测定GAS5和miR-23a-3p之间的结合关系。体外培养人垂体瘤细胞系RC-4B/C,分为对照组(Control)、槲皮素组(Quercetin)、GAS5抑制组(Si-GAS5)和槲皮素+si-GAS5组(Quercetin+si-GAS5),对比分析槲皮素对GAS5、miR-23a-3p及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路的影响,以及人垂体瘤复苏细胞(RC-4B/C)生长和侵袭能力的影响。结果:Starbase工具预测GAS5与miR-23a-3p结合,双荧光素酶报告实验和RNA免疫沉淀测定揭示了GAS5和miR-23a-3p之间的直接结合。槲皮素促进GAS5的表达,抑制miR-23a-3p和PI3K/AKT的表达,抑制RC-4B/C细胞的增殖和侵袭(均P<0.05);下调GAS5、miR-23a-3p表达增多,促进RC-4B/C细胞的增殖和侵袭(均P<0.05);槲皮素可以逆转GAS5下调引起的miR-23a-3p、PI3K/AKT表达增加,抑制RC-4B/C细胞的增殖和侵袭(均P<0.05)。结论:槲皮素可能通过促进GAS5表达竞争性抑制miR-23a-3p,降低了PI3K/AKT,抑制垂体神经内分泌肿瘤的生长。

糖皮质激素受体基因NR3C1 rs10052957位点与环境交互作用增加自杀风险

目的探讨下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,HPA)相关基因促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素受体II(corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2,CRHR2)、FK506结合蛋白(FK506 binding protein 5,FKBP5)及糖皮质激素受体基因(glucocorticoid receptor gene,NR3C1)多态性和环境交互作用与自杀未遂行为之间的关系。方法自2017年3月至2018年9月选取广东医科大学附属医院精神心理科、东莞市第七人民医院精神科以及新疆奎屯市伊犁州奎屯医院医院精神卫生科门诊因自杀未遂就诊的抑郁症患者66例(病例组),年龄(32.2±16.7)岁,其中男性30名,女性36名,同期自广东医科大学附属医院健康体检中心选取49名无亲缘关系的健康者(对照组),年龄(32.7±11.0)岁,男性23名,女性26名。采用Snapshot技术对目的基因单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点进行分型。生活事件量表(life event scale,LES)评估过去1年的生活压力。特里尔社会应激试验(trier social stress test,TSST)评估HPA轴的反应性。使用多因子降维法(multifactor dimensionality reduction,MDR)软件分析基因、生活事件及HPA轴反应性的交互作用。结果病例组LES总分[(30.47±27.22)分]高于对照组[(7.80±10.14)分,P<0.001]。病例组HPA轴反应性低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);两组NR3C1基因的多态性位点rs9324924、rs10052957,FKBP5基因的多态性位点rs3800373、rs9296158,CRHR2基因多态性位点rs3779250的基因型频率和等位基因型频率分布差异均无统计学意义。MDR分析结果显示,最佳交互模型为NR3C1基因rs10052957位点、HPA轴反应性、生活事件形成的三阶模型,检验样本准确度最高为0.8837,模型具有统计学意义(P=0.0098)。结论NR3C1基因rs10052957位点-HPA轴反应性-生活事件交互作用增加了自杀行为的风险。

PTTG1在肿瘤发病机制中作用的研究进展

垂体肿瘤转化基因1(PTTG1)是一种从垂体中分离出来的癌基因。它能结合并抑制分离酶从而影响姐妹染色单体分离导致染色体非整倍体,激活DNA损伤反应途径诱导p53依赖性衰老,还能反式激活一些癌基因进而促进细胞转化与裸鼠成瘤能力。它还能通过影响Wnt/β-catenin、上皮细胞-间充质转化(EMT)、TGFβ/SMAD3通路来促进肿瘤的生长与侵袭。本文为以PTTG1为靶点开发肿瘤治疗药物提供思路。

miRNA调控垂体激素基因表达及合成分泌的研究进展

垂体是动物体内重要的内分泌器官,其分泌的各类激素在动物生命过程中发挥关键作用。miRNA是一类广泛存在的非编码小分子RNA,可通过作用于靶基因进而调控机体功能,几乎参与动物体内所有的生物学过程。如今越来越多的研究表明miRNA参与调控垂体发育及垂体激素的合成和分泌。本文主要就miRNA在垂体激素合成和分泌上的调控作用及其靶基因展开综述,为深入研究miRNA在动物垂体上的功能以及改善家畜生长、繁殖和泌乳性能提供参考。

自杀未遂患者外周血NR3C1基因单核苷酸多态性与压力性生活事件的交互作用

目的 探讨自杀未遂患者外周血糖皮质激素受体(NR3C1)基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与压力性生活事件的交互作用。方法 选择64例因自杀未遂就诊的患者作为病例组,以同期身体心理健康者49例作为对照组。收集两组一般资料,用生活事件量表(LES)评估生活压力,用Snapshot技术对目的基因进行基因型分型,用广义多因子降维法分析基因和压力性生活事件的交互作用。结果 两组家庭关系、文化程度、LES评分比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);NR3C1基因5个SNP位点rs9324924、rs10052957、rs41423247、rs6191、rs6196的基因型均符合HardyWeinberg平衡定律(P均>0.05);NR3C1基因SNP位点rs10052957、rs41423247、rs6191、rs6196的基因型频率、等位基因型频率分布比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);rs9324924的基因型频率、等位基因频率分布差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),但Bonferroni法校正后差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。rs9324924位点SNP与自杀未遂存在关联,在隐性模型下,rs9324924位点的T/T基因型可以降低自杀行为易感性(OR=0.19,95%CI:0.04~0.87,P<0.05)。结果显示二阶模型差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NR3C1基因rs9324924位点与压力性生活事件的二阶模型是预测自杀风险的最佳模型(P<0.05),交叉验证一致性为10/10,检验样本准确率最高0.646 0。在高生活压力下,携带GG和GT基因型的个体发生自杀行为的风险高于TT基因型携带者,提示NR3C1基因rs9324924位点的G基因型与高生活压力的交互作用会增加自杀风险。结论 外周血NR3C1基因rs9324924位点与自杀未遂行为有关,该位点G等位基因携带者可以通过影响个体对压力性生活事件的敏感性增加自杀行为发生风险。

膀胱癌组织中PAX8、PITX1表达及其与临床特征、预后的关系

目的:探讨膀胱癌组织中配对盒基因8(PAX8)、垂体同源框1(PITX1)表达及其与临床特征、预后的关系。方法:选取2015年6月—2017年6月93例膀胱癌患者于潜江市中心医院手术时取得的膀胱癌组织标本作为膀胱癌组,对应癌旁组织标本作为癌旁组。检测膀胱癌组及癌旁组PAX8、PITX1表达情况,分析膀胱癌患者临床特征,比较两组PAX8、PITX1阳性率,比较不同临床特征膀胱癌患者膀胱癌组织PAX8、PITX1阳性率,分析膀胱癌患者随访期间预后情况,并对其进行单因素及多因素分析。结果:膀胱癌组PAX8阳性率高于癌旁组,PITX1阳性率低于癌旁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低分化、Ⅲ期、浸润深度为T_(3)~T_(4)、有淋巴结转移的膀胱癌患者膀胱癌组织PAX8阳性率、PITX1阴性率均高于中/高分化、Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、浸润深度为T_(1)~T_(2)、无淋巴结转移的膀胱癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。93例膀胱癌患者连续随访5年后,41例患者死亡,52例患者存活,存活率为55.91%(52/93)。膀胱癌组织PAX8阴性表达患者的5年生存率明显高于PAX8阳性表达患者,膀胱癌组织PITX1阳性表达患者的5年生存率明显高于PITX1阴性表达患者,中/高分化、无淋巴结转移的膀胱癌患者5年生存率明显高于低分化、有淋巴结转移的膀胱癌患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。低分化、淋巴结转移、PAX8阳性表达、PITX1阴性表达均是膀胱癌患者死亡的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:膀胱癌患者PAX8呈高表达、PITX1呈低表达,二者可以作为预测膀胱癌患者预后的生物学指标。

垂体柄阻断综合征发病机制及临床特征研究进展

垂体柄阻断综合征(PSIS)是一种罕见垂体发育异常的疾病,其临床特征因垂体激素缺乏的种类和程度不同而表现各异。目前,PSIS病因尚不明确,其致病机制可能与围生期损伤及相关基因突变有关。PSIS临床表现复杂多样,极易导致漏诊及误诊。该文对PSIS发病机制及诊治进展进行了综述,旨在为该疾病的临床诊疗提供参考。

猪下丘脑和垂体中生长激素受体、胰岛素样生长因子1型受体的发育性变化

GH和IGF 1可作用于垂体或 /和下丘脑负反馈性地调节垂体GH的分泌 ,而这种负反馈作用必须通过下丘脑或垂体的GHR和IGF 1R来实现。为研究猪垂体GH分泌负反馈调节的发育性变化和品种特点 ,分别在 0、3、2 0、30、90、12 0和 180日龄随机选取纯种雄性二花脸猪和大白猪各 4头 ,屠宰并取下丘脑及垂体 ,用相对定量RT PCR分析下丘脑和垂体GHR和IGF 1RmRNA水平。结果表明 :下丘脑GHRmRNA表达呈明显的时序性变化 ,在 0到 12 0日龄期间呈逐渐上升趋势 ,180日龄时显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,提示在快速生长期 ,GH负反馈调控机制逐渐加强。下丘脑GHRmRNA表达还表现明显的品种间差异 ,在 0到 180日龄期间大白猪均显著高于二花脸猪 (P <0 0 5 ) ;而垂体GHRmRNA表达相对稳定 ,品种和年龄间差异不显著 ,提示GH的负反馈作用位点可能主要在下丘脑。IGF 1R与GHR的表达发育模式不同。下丘脑IGF 1RmRNA的表达相对稳定 ,无显著的年龄、品种间差异 ;而在垂体 ,大白猪和二花脸猪IGF 1RmRNA水平在出生时均较高 ,随后显著下降 (P <0 0 5 ) ,2 0日龄后逐渐上升至 90日龄的较高水平 ,随后再次下降。大白猪垂体IGF 1mRNA表达在 30日龄和 90日龄时显著高于二花脸猪 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而 180日龄时二花脸猪垂体IGF 1RmRNA水平却显著高于大白?