Negative Transfer of Guanzhong Plain's Dialect on the Acquisition of English Sound

Pronunciation learning is the key factor in second language acquisition,which is also the soul of the language.Thereforeit is very vital for beginners to learn the right sounds.However,In the second language acquisition,the sounds of learners’first lan-guage unavoidably have some positive and negative transfer on the target language acquisition.To the Chinese learners,as Chineselanguage belongs to Sino-Tibetan system while English belongs to Germanic language system,the negative transfer is much moreobvious.Guanzhong plain lies in the central of Shaanxi province of China.The dialect here belongs to one of the sub-branches ofNorthern Mandrarin Dialect.Which shares little similarities with English in phonetics.The paper bases on the research of 25 stu-dents whose first language are Guanzhong Plain’s dialect to compare the phonemes of two languages in general and to further ana-lyze the negative transfer of Guanzhong Plain’s dialect to English Phonetic and give the related solutions.

Interpretation of the Spatial Form of Chengdu Plain's Traditional Towns from the Vernacular Perspective

In recent years,with the rapid development of urbanization in our country,academic circles have paid more attentions to and made fruitful achievements on the research of vernacular settlement. On this basis,this paper took Chengdu Plain's traditional town spatial morphology as the research object to interpret its spatial form through its composition elements and characteristics which are influenced by nature,history,culture and other factors. And then,it took Jiezi ancient town as an example to analyze the renewal of its spatial form so as to inherit the vernacular culture and promote the conservation of cultural heritage and sustainable development of traditional town in the course of constructing urban cities with Chinese characteristics.

Response of warm season secondary pollutants to emissions and meteorology in the North China Plain region during 2018-2022

自2013年起中国空气质量虽改善,但华北平原(NCP)重污染仍存在且二次污染加剧,而人们对其成因和变化了解有限.本研究利用2018-2022年数据,借助CMAQ模型探讨此污染响应.结果显示,在2018-2022年间,PM_(2.5)浓度显著下降31%-37%,O_(3)和NO_(2)的年下降速率分别为1%和0.5%SIA和SOA也显著减少,每年分别减少9%和6%PM_(2.5)主要因排放减少而下降,而O_(3)则受气象影响而波动.硫酸盐和铵下降的主因是减排,而硝酸盐对气象变化敏感排放和气象变化对SOA的总体减少同样重要,但人为SOA对排放控制敏感生物SOA易受气象变化影响.研究强调了控制人为排放对缓解NCP地区夏季二次污染的重要性.

Gravity-Driven Listric Growth Fault and Sedimentation in the Lagoa do Peixe, Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain, Brazil

High frequency, high resolution GPR surveys are successfully applied to investigate near-surface stratification architecture of sedimentary units in coastal plains and to define their depositional conditions. However, low frequency GPR surveys to investigate fault-related depositional systems at greater depths are scarce. This survey was designed investigate a > 100 km long linear escarpment that controls the northwest margin of the Lagoa do Peixe, an important lagoon in Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain (RGSCP, Brazil). The traditional approach points that RGSCP was developed by juxtaposition of four lagoons/barrier systems as consequence of sea level changes;no deformational structure is admitted to exist before. The low frequency GPR (50 MHz, RTA antenna) and geological surveys carried out in the RGSCP showed the existence of a large, gravity-driven listric growth fault controlling the Lagoa do Peixe escarpment and hangingwall sedimentation. The radargrams in four subareas along the Lagoa do Peixe Growth Fault could be interpreted following the seismic expression of rift-related depositional systems. The radargrams enabled to distinguish three main lagoonal deposition radarfacies. The lower lagoonal radarfacies is a convex upward unit, thicker close to growth fault;the radarfacies geometry indicates that fault displacement rate surpasses the sedimentation rate, and its upper stratum is aged ~3500 l4C years BP. The second lagoonal radarfacies is a triangular wedge restricted to the lagoon depocenter, whose geometry indicates that fault displacement and the sedimentation rates kept pace. The upper lagoonal radarfacies is being deposited since 1060 ± 70 l4C years BP, under sedimentation rate higher than fault displacement rate. The results indicate that low frequency GPR surveys can help in investigating fault-related depositional systems in coastal zones. They also point to a new approach in dealing with RGSCP stratigraphy.

Soil Organic Carbon Stock Variation under Different Soil Types and Land Uses in the Sub-Humid Noun Plain, Western Cameroon

This study was conducted to assess the current stock of soil organic carbon under different agricultural land uses, soil types and soil depths in the Noun plain in western Cameroon. Three sites were selected for the study, namely Mangoum, Makeka and Fossang, representative of the three dominant soil types of the noun plain (Andosols, Acrisols and Ferralsols). Three land uses were selected per site including natural vegetation, agroforest and crop field. Soil was sampled at three depths;0 - 20 cm, 20 - 40 cm, and 40 - 60 cm. Analysis of variance showed that soil type did not significantly influence carbon storage, but rather land uses and soil depth. SOCS decreased significantly with depth in all the sites, with an average stock of 66.3 ± 15.8 tC/ha at 0 - 20 cm, compared to an average stock of 33.3 ± 7.4 tC/ha at 40 - 60 cm. SOCS was significantly highest in the natural formation with 57.2 ± 19.7 tC/ha, and lowest in cultivated fields, at 37.7 ± 10.6 tC/ha. Andosols, with their high content of coarse fragments, stored less organic carbon than Ferralsols and Acrisols.

Tensile Mechanical Behavior and Failure Mechanism of a Plain-Woven SiCf/SiC Composites at Room and Elevated Temperatures

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are the preferred materials for solving advanced aerospace high-temperature structural components;it has the comprehensive advantages of higher temperature (~1500˚C) and low density. In service environments, CMCs exhibit complex damage mechanisms and failure modes, which are affected by constituent materials, meso-architecture and inhere defects. In this paper, the in-plane tensile mechanical behavior of a plain-woven SiCf/SiC composite at room and elevated temperatures was investigated, and the factors affecting the tensile strength of the material were discussed in depth. The results show that the tensile modulus and strength of SiCf/SiC composites at high temperature are lower, but the fracture strain increases and the toughness of the composites is enhanced;the stitching holes significantly weaken the tensile strength of the material, resulting in the material is easy to break at the cross-section with stitching holes.

瓯江流域下游温州平原地下水化学演化特征、控制因素及对人体健康的影响

【研究目的】滨海地带地下水化学演化特征及其控制因素研究对沿海城市地下水资源可持续利用具有重要意义。【研究方法】在野外调查取样和历史资料综合分析的基础上,运用水化学图解、离子比例关系、多元统计分析及环境同位素方法,系统分析了温州平原地下水化学演化特征,探讨了影响地下水化学演化的主要控制因素。【研究结果】(1)温州平原潜水以淡水为主,HCO_(3)^(-)、Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)占主导地位,承压水以微咸水和咸水为主,Cl^(-)、Na^(+)占绝对优势;(2)从山前到海积平原,研究区潜水由低矿化度的HCO3型水向较高矿化度的Cl型水转变,主要受天然水化学作用控制,人类活动使局部地区地下水化学出现异常;(3)十年尺度上,潜水主要组分含量存在一定程度下降,水化学类型向Cl^(-)比重减少、HCO_(3)^(-)比重增加的方向演化;(4)水岩相互作用、海水作用、氧化还原环境等自然因素和工农业生产、生活排污等人为因素是温州平原地下水化学演化的主要控制因素。【结论】地下水健康风险评价结果显示,区内地下水存在一定的潜在非致癌风险,潜水的非致癌风险小于承压水,饮水途径摄入是危害人体的主要途径,相同环境下儿童的非致癌风险高于成人。因此,有必要对存在健康风险的地下水进行长期监测,加强这类地区的地下水资源管理和污染防治。

基于河网水动力模型的水系连通性对水环境质量的影响分析研究

平原河网地区地势平坦流速较缓,水体抗污染能力弱,改善水系连通性对水环境质量提升至关重要。以水系连通性较差的盛泽镇跃进联圩为研究对象,通过开展引调水试验,构建圩区河网水动力模型,探索圩区水利工作调度运行规则、河网水系连通方法以及相应的水环境变化规律。研究以水龄作为水系连通性的一种时间尺度参量,建立了跃进联圩水动力-水质-水龄的河网水环境模型,模拟了5种引调水方案下,圩内水系连通性及水质改善情况,并构建了压力、状态与响应的引调水连通效果评估体系,实现了对水系连通性变化与水环境改善水平的定量分析。结果表明:从水体交换时长来看,研究区域主要河道水体交换时间在5天以内,水体连通性越好的河道,水龄越短;从水质指标变化来看,调水实验中圩内的水环境氨氮变化最为明显,对引调水响应度高,模拟结果显示水龄与氨氮浓度变化趋势基本一致,水体连通性越好,水龄越短,有利于氨氮的削减;从引调水方案来看,单一调度方式对圩内水系连通性改善能力有限,特别是在河网内水体流动性弱的区域,同时使得圩区内水体流动性差异增大,更容易造成河网内水系连通性以及水质的空间分布差异,形成局部的滞水区或死水区。因此,采用多源引水与多区域排水相配合的调度方式,可以加强水系连通性,改善水环境质量。

江汉平原典型种植模式稻田土壤中农药残留特征

在江汉平原中稻-油菜/小麦轮作田、一季中稻田及再生稻田3种种植模式稻田采集土壤样品86个。调查了土壤样品中滴滴涕(DDTs,包括o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDE、p,p′-DDD)、六六六(HCHs,包括α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH)、甲胺磷、甲基对硫磷、氧乐果、乐果、敌敌畏、乙酰甲胺磷、毒死蜱、氯虫苯甲酰胺、吡蚜酮、吡虫啉、啶虫脒、三环唑、戊唑醇、氰氟草酯、二氯喹啉酸、乙草胺及异丙甲草胺等25种农药及其代谢产物的残留。结果表明,检出率最高的3种农药为当前常用杀虫剂氯虫苯甲酰胺(87.21%),杀菌剂三环唑(91.86%)及戊唑醇(72.09%),其残留均值分别为0.0397、0.0734 mg/kg及0.0276 mg/kg;已经禁用的有机氯农药滴滴涕(o,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDT、p,p′-DDE、p,p′-DDD)仍能检出,检出率为36.05%~66.28%。3种模式田块中检出的滴滴涕主要来源于历史上滴滴涕的使用。杀虫剂吡蚜酮及杀菌剂三环唑在再生稻田的残留量均值显著高于中稻-油菜/小麦轮作田及一季中稻田;但其他农药在不同种植模式稻田中的残留没有显著差异。本研究为江汉平原农药残留的治理及农药的合理使用提供了参考信息。

鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田二叠系山西组砂体叠置模式及油气开发意义

河流相砂体储层构型对致密砂岩中相对优质储层的分布规律和天然气开发具有重要意义。通过野外地质剖面和钻井岩心观察,结合测井、录井和岩心分析测试资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田大12井区二叠系山西组致密砂岩的砂体构型要素、叠置模式及油气开发意义进行了研究。研究结果表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田大12井区二叠系山西组发育六级复合辫流带和五级单一辫流带,其中单一辫流带包括河床(分流河道)和河漫共2个四级构型单元,河道内单个心滩沉积包含有三级增生体和落淤层;(2)辫状河三角洲平原五级单一辫流带中的四级泛滥平原沉积较辫状河河漫沉积更加发育,辫状河心滩沉积中落淤层欠发育;(3)山西组上部山2-2亚段辫状河单一辫流带内砂体呈“河道-心滩”连续沉积,泥质不发育,砂体叠置程度高(多呈复合式叠置)、连通性好,优质储层多;(4)山西组中下部山1段和山2-1亚段三角洲平原沉积中,西部河道连片性好,砂体以复合式和侧拼式叠置样式为主,连通性和生产效果均较好,东部砂体多为孤立式和侧接式,砂体钻遇率低,单井产量差。

Subseasonal reversal of haze pollution over the North China Plain

中国近几十年来频受雾霾污染问题困扰,其中华北平原作为排放最密集的区域之一,常遭遇不同尺度的严重雾霾污染本文利用30余年的能见度和颗粒物(PM_(2.5))观测数据,发现了华北平原地区在秋季和早冬时雾霾污染在次季节尺度上“跷跷板式”反向变化的关系.研究发现,当9-10月污染较轻(重)时,11-12月的污染倾向于加重(减轻).这种突然的变化与局地和大尺度环流的反向变化有关,污染较重的月份常伴随有更高的相对湿度,更低的边界层高度和近地面风速以及低层的南风异常,均不利于污染的垂直和水平扩散和传输,从而导致了次季节尺度上霾污染的加重,进一步的研究发现环流场的突然转向与在次季节尺度上活跃的中纬度波列的传播密切相关,而此波列可能主要与大西洋海温转变及引起的EA/WR遥相关型有关,这一次季节反向变化为霾污染多尺度变率预测提供了新的理解,同时为华北地区年度空气质量达标的短期目标提供了具有可行性的参考方法.

中原城市群文化软实力综合评价及空间分异研究

基于文化吸引力、文化展示力、文化传播力、文化创新力、文化事业投入力和文旅融合力6个维度构建文化软实力评价指标体系,运用空间分类、核密度分析、空间自相关等方法,分析中原城市群文化软实力的空间特征并解析其影响因素。结果表明:(1)从综合实力差异看,高、较高文化软实力城市数量少且主要分布在核心区,中等实力城市仅有3个,半数城市为低和较低实力。空间上具有明显的东西差异,西半壁呈现以郑汴为引领的中心外围格局,东半壁则表现为亳州、阜阳引领的极化特征,且在东西半壁之间形成聊城至驻马店的低值连绵带。(2)从分维度空间差异看,文化吸引力子系统、文化展示力子系统与综合实力格局类似,而文化事业投入力子系统呈现“西北高、东南低”的格局。此外,文化传播力子系统、文化创新力子系统呈现与前3个子系统完全不同的格局,表现为以郑汴为核心的低值包围高值的分布结构。(3)从空间集聚和关联看,中原城市群分别围绕郑州和亳州形成了“一主一副”的双核集聚态势,且主核区附近形成了显著的高-高集聚群。其中,文化吸引力子系统与综合实力的集聚格局基本一致,文化展示力子系统的集聚在郑州减弱而在亳州得到加强,文化传播力子系统和文化创新力子系统仅在中部形成集聚核心,文旅融合力子系统则在综合格局的基础上在东南部形成两个集聚核心。(4)从影响因素看,市区GDP对城市文化软实力的影响最强,第三产业增加值次之,交通设施、科教文卫单位数和城镇化率的影响作用不明显。

供需评价异化视角下农业生产托管服务价格形成机制存在的问题——来自江汉平原的调查问卷

农业生产托管服务价格是影响托管服务供给和需求的重要因素。基于江汉平原农业生产托管服务供需双方对托管服务价格评价的调查结果,分析了农业生产托管服务价格形成机制的现状与存在的问题。结果表明,目前农业生产托管服务价格并不是供需双方一致达成的均衡价格,农业生产托管服务市场属于不完全市场,托管服务价格水平普遍偏高,供给方有让利给需求方的空间和动机,但存在供需错配问题,托管服务价格及补贴政策对供需的调节作用并没有得到充分发挥。为此,应完善供需沟通渠道,加强服务标准建设,大力发展新型农业经营方式,优化托管补贴对象,加强政策宣传和明确补贴指向,以促进农业生产托管服务价格形成机制的完善。

西辽河平原浅层地下水中“三氮”分布特征及健康风险评价

通过测试地下水样品中“三氮”含量,采用非致癌风险评价模型进行健康风险评价.结果表明,与《地下水质量标准》(GB14848-2017)限值对比,硝酸盐氮超标率8%,主要分布在研究区东南部及西南部区域;氨氮超标率10%,主要分布在中部及南部区域.地下水中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水质占比83%;Ⅳ及Ⅴ类水水质占比17%.地下水样品中“三氮”总非致癌风险指数及总致癌性风险指数均低于美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价标准.整体上研究区“三氮”污染程度相对较轻,“三氮”污染区域主要分布于人类活动密集地区.健康风险评价可为地区地下水中“三氮”污染监控和治理提供技术参考.

Role of Plain Abdominal X-Ray in the Differential Diagnosis of Common Acute Abdominal Conditions in Children at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: The plain abdominal x-ray is one of the commonly requested investigations in the children emergency room, paediatric surgical ward and neonatal wards. The short interval required to carry out this investigative procedure and obtain results makes it the first imaging modality used to unravel the different causes of acute abdominal conditions in children. The safety of abdominal x-ray in children makes it attractive for use in paediatric surgical practice as part of routine work-up for undifferentiated acute abdominal conditions and also to diagnose specific causes of acute abdomen in children. Setting: Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State. Objectives: Evaluation of the role of plain abdominal x-ray in diagnosing common acute abdominal conditions in children. Materials and method: Patients admitted to the children emergency room, paediatric surgical wards, children’s ward and neonatal ward who had plain abdominal x-ray as part of their diagnostic work-up were included in the study. They were studied prospectively between March 2011 and April 2021. Results: Three Hundred and Ninety-nine patients who had plain abdominal x-rays as part of their diagnostic work-up were studied. Males were 240 while females were 159, a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. The patients were aged between 1 day to 16 years. Differential diagnoses made with plain abdominal x-ray were intestinal obstruction in 298, perforated viscus 69 patients, intra-abdominal masses 13 patients and location of intra-abdominal foreign body 14. Intestinal obstruction cases in which plain abdominal x-ray played a role in their diagnosis and management included the following: intussusception 66, neonatal sepsis 60, malrotation 48, intestinal atresia 42, anorectal malformation 32, hirschsprung’s disease in 30 cases, pyloric stenosis 24, obstructed hernia 22, post-operative adhesions 16 and intestinal helminthiasis 12. Perforated viscus accounted for 69 indications. Out of these indications, perforated gut in intussusception 19, perforated typhoid ileitis was responsible in 13 cases, gut perforation in blunt abdominal trauma 8, perforation in strangulated hernia 11 cases, perforated gut in malrotation 7, ceacal perforation in hirschsprugs disease 6 and colonic perforation in necrotizing enterocolitis 5 cases. Conclusion: Plain abdominal x-ray remains a role to play in the differential diagnosis and management of common paediatric acute abdominal conditions.

关中平原城市群韧性空间关联网络及其影响因素研究

基于熵值法测度2011—2020年关中平原城市群11个地市的城市韧性综合评价指数,分析其韧性时空演化特征,并采用社会网络分析法和二次指派程序剖析其空间关联网络结构及影响因素。结果表明:(1)关中平原城市群内各城市韧性整体呈上升趋势,韧性水平呈现出从省会开始向外围降低的态势。(2)城市群韧性网络结构变得更加复杂和稳健,但地区间韧性联系呈现较强的层级性特征,也尚未完全实现互相联通的状态。(3)西安市、咸阳市、铜川市的中心性较强,能够对周边或边缘城市产生较多资源溢出,城市群“核心-边缘”结构明显。(4)地理空间邻近、经济发展水平、对外开放度、政府财政支持、科技发展水平、交通基础设施的差异均显著影响城市群韧性空间网络结构的变化。关中平原城市群可通过建设城际数字化管理与交流平台、加强交通网络建设、增加科技创新投入等途径提升城市韧性与城市间的关联性。

Soft Sediment Deformation Structures in the Sediment Deposits of Ganga River and Its Oxbow Lakes in Parts of Indo-Gangetic Plain: Implications for Quake Proxies and Paleoseismicity Tracking

The Late Quaternary thick sedimentary fills of the Ganga basin predominantly consist of unconsolidated fluvial sandy deposits which are often intercalated with mud. These deposits at various places record the evidence of earthquakes, which occurred in the recent geological past. The evidence is contained and manifested in the form of Soft Sediment Deformation Structures (SSDSs). Saturated sediments/muds/soils are liquefied by earthquake tremors which either generate SSDS or produce structural discordance in the pre-existing sedimentary structures. The present study reports the occurrence of SSDS, e.g. load and associated flame structures, clastic dikes and sill structures, slump structures and sedimentary breccias, etc. from the Ganga River and adjacent oxbow lake sediment deposits. An attempt has been made to establish the origin of soft sediment structures of this region in accordance with its neotectonic history and in turn, identification of seismic structural proxies to delineate paleoseismic events in this region with futuristic implications. The preservation of soft sediment deformation structures in large numbers with multiple geomorphology and scale, in the river and adjoining lake sediments, is indicative of frequent earthquakes of high magnitude consequent to tectonic activism in the Himalayan region.

隋及唐初敦煌艺术对外来影响的吸收与创新

敦煌隋代彩塑受到印度笈多艺术风格的影响,及至唐代,彩塑已形成了中国式的表现手法与风格,既保持了雕塑的写实性,又体现出气韵生动的精神。壁画也同样,隋至唐初的人物造型中,常常出现典型的印度风格晕染法,比起北朝壁画更接近印度绘画的特点,表明当时确有一部分画家擅长画外来风格。但随着唐前期艺术的发展,画家们对外来晕染法不断改造,使之与传统的线描进行了完美的结合。从壁画的装饰图案中,我们也可看到对外来艺术的改造,如隋至唐初流行的联珠纹、石榴纹、葡萄纹等纹样在不断地被吸收改造,最后都融入了形态更为丰富的卷草纹中。

城乡空间高质量融合发展路径研究——以关中平原城市群为例

深入实施区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略是基于城乡社会发展实际,推动我国全面高质量发展的重要抓手。关中平原城市群作为我国西部地区经济社会发展的重要空间载体,其城镇空间、乡村空间和区域经济发展具有一定的地域特征和代表性。基于新时代背景,构建城乡空间高质量融合发展内涵和发展模式的理论框架。通过对关中平原城市群城乡发展核心问题研判,提出以“中心城镇拉动”“乡村崛起推动”等为代表的城乡融合发展动力机制,从优化城乡空间格局、构建城乡产业体系、推进城乡基础设施互通、统筹城乡公共服务共享、健全城乡要素流动保障等方面探索关中城市群适宜性发展路径,助推关中平原城市群城乡空间高质量融合发展。

黑龙江省松嫩平原春季极端干旱变化特征及其与环流因子的关系

基于1961—2021年黑龙江省松嫩平原32个气象站3—5月逐日降水量数据和同期大气环流、海温指数资料,以最长连续无降水日数(LCDD)作为表征春季极端干旱的指标,运用数理统计方法分析了春季极端干旱空间分布特征和时间变化规律以及大气环流、海温对LCDD的影响。结果表明:松嫩平原地区春季极端干旱总体呈减轻趋势,变化速率为-1.2 d·10 a^(-1),年际间振荡较强,年代际变化总体呈下降态势,1960s最高,2000s最低,2010s小幅回升;松嫩平原春季极端干旱在1971年发生突变,存在3个主周期,即28、14、6 a;空间上呈西多东少分布,高值区位于松嫩平原西部;前冬11月—3月西太平洋副高面积指数、东大西洋-西俄罗斯遥相关型指数、印缅槽强度指数、北美大西洋副高面积指数、850 hPa西太平洋信风指数、北美区极涡强度指数等6个大气环流主导因子对LCDD影响极显著(P<0.01);黑潮区海温指数、亲潮区海温指数、尼诺4区海表温度距平指数和西风漂流区海温指数等4个海温主导因子对LCDD影响极显著(P<0.01)。LCDD能够表征松嫩平原极端干旱变化规律,前期大气环流因子和海温因子可作为其预测信号。