Progress in ultra-wideband planar antennas

This paper introduces the advances of ultra-wideband （UWB） and super-wideband （SWB） planar antennas based on the printed monopole, microstrip slot and other planar antenna designs in the last decade. A brief history of the ultrawideband antennas is first provided. Several types of planar antennas for UWB systems with band-notched designs are reviewed. Special SWB planar antenna designs with the bandwidth ratio greater than 10：1 including metal-plate and printed monopole antennas and tapered slot antennas are presented and compared.

Artificial Magnetic Conductor as Planar Antenna for 5G Evolution

A 5G wireless system requests a high-performance compact antenna device.This research work aims to report the characterization and verification of the artificial magnetic conductor(AMC)metamaterial for a high-gain planar antenna.The configuration is formed by a double-side structure on an intrinsic dielectric slab.The 2-D periodic pattern as an impedance surface is mounted on the top surface,whereas at the bottom surface the ground plane with an inductive narrow aperture source is embedded.The characteristic of the resonant transmission is illustrated based on the electromagnetic virtual object of the AMC resonant structure to reveal the unique property of a magnetic material response.The characteristics of the AMC metamaterial and the planar antenna synthesis are investigated and verified by experiment using a low-cost FR4 dielectric material.The directional antenna gain is obviously enhanced by guiding a primary field radiation.The loss effect in a dielectric slab is essentially studied having an influence on antenna radiation.The verification shows a peak of the antenna gain around 9.7 dB at broadside which is improved by 6.2 dB in comparison with the primary aperture antenna without the AMC structure.The thin antenna profile ofλ/37.5 is achieved at 10GHz for 5Gevolution.The emission property in an AMCstructure herein contributes to the development of a lowprofile and high-gain planar antenna for a compact wireless component.

Research on novel multi-layer and multi-polarized slot-coupling planar antenna array

A novel multi-layer planar antenna array to achieve multi-polarized radiation is developed. U-shaped coupling slots are embedded in the ground plane to extend the bandwidth. The phase relation between adjacent elements in the radiation field is analyzed when adjacent elements are fed in opposite phase. Return loss and radiation pattern are measured for a 16-element antenna array at 12.5 GHz. The radiation pattern shows a good agreement with the calculated one in the shape of the main beam. The return-loss of the proposed antenna array is less than -20 dB in the 12.5 GHz frequency band （12.25-12.75 GHz）. Because of two feed ports the antenna can transmit arbitrary elliptic polarized waves if the two feed ports have different amplitude and phase. The main factors such as element spacing, substrate medium and manufacturing imperfection are analyzed and the corresponding conclusions are presented.

Beamforming and Angle-of-Arrival Estimation of Square Planar Antenna Array

This paper presents a dual-band planar antenna array for ISM band applications (2.4 GHz and 2.45 GHz). This antenna is proposed for indoor applications and enables adaptive beamforming and angle of arrival (AOA) estimation. An adaptive beamforming algorithm is applied for a planar antenna array, which is able to steer its main beam and nulls in azimuth and elevation planes over a wide frequency band. Planar antenna array operates as a spatial filter in 3D space, processing the received signals with weighting schemes. A planar antenna array is designed for AOA estimation in azimuth and elevation planes by using MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) based on subspace algorithm. The Base Station (BS) equipped with this planar antenna is preferred to be at the center position on the room ceiling to cover all sectors of the room. It is designed to use four directional triangular elements arranged to form a square planar antenna array. Planar antenna with four elliptical slotted triangular elements (PAFESTE) is used to obtain optimal directivity in four directions in azimuth plane with specific orientation of 30? in elevation plane. It is characterized by half power beamwidth in elevation plane of about 60? and half power beamwidth in azimuth plane of about 90?.

Single-layer broadband planar antenna using ultrathin high-efficiency focusing metasurfaces

Phase gradient metasurfaces（PGMS） offer a fascinating ability to control the amplitude and phase of the electromagnetic（EM） waves on a subwavelength scale, resulting in new applications of designing novel microwave devices with improved performances. In this paper, a reflective symmetrical element, consisting of orthogonally I-shaped structures, has been demonstrated with an approximately parallel phase response from 15 GHz to 22 GHz, which results in an interesting wideband property. For practical design, a planar antenna is implemented by a well-optimized focusing metasurface and excited by a self-designed Vivaldi antenna at the focus. Numerical and experimental results coincide well. The planar antenna has a series of merits such as a wide 3-d B gain bandwidth of 15–22 GHz, an average gain enhancement of 16 d B, a comparable aperture efficiency of better than 45% at 18 GHz, and also a simple fabrication process. The proposed reflective metasurface opens up a new avenue to design wideband microwave devices.

Improving the uniformity of RF-plasma density by a humped variable-gap spiral antenna

This paper develops a humped spiral antenna of top inductively coupled plasma with variable gap. Comparing with planar spiral antennae, it investigates the performance of humped spiral antennae in the calculated electromagnetic configurations and experimental results. It finds that the humped antenna has the improved uniformity of plasma density in the radial direction and the decreased electron temperature in the top inductively coupled plasma. By experimental and theoretical analyses, the plasma performance in the case of humped antennae is considered to be the combined results of the uniform electromagnetic configurations and the depressed capacitively coupling effect.

New band-notched UWB antenna

A simple and compact ultra wideband （UWB） printed monopole antenna with band-notched performance is proposed in this paper. The antenna is partially grounded so that the Q value is depressed and the impedance bandwidth is broadened. A small strip bar is loaded on each arm of the similar U-shaped radiator. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna overlap with IEEE 802.11a is rejected consequently. The geometry parameters of the antenna are investigated and optimized with HFSS. The measured bandwidth of the proposed antenna occupies about 7.89 GHz covering from 3.05 GHz to 10.94 GHz with expected notched band from 4.96 GHz to 5.98 GHz. A quasi-omnidirectional and quasi-symmetrical radiation pattern in the whole band is also obtained. As a result, a UWB wireless communication system can be simplified with the band-notched UWB antenna presented.

Design of Ellipse Antenna Array for Cellular Phone Localization Systems

This paper describes our contribution in the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) project called GELOCOM (GEo-LOCalisation de telephOnes Mobiles) managed by the THALES Communications company, dedicated to the emergency localization of cellular phones. This contribution takes place in the field of antennas, with the development of broad-band systems: a circular array of six elements with separated outputs for the receiving part. In this paper, we present the design and the characterization of broad-band double ellipse array antenna. This special structure is chosen in order to obtain a good omnidirectional radiation pattern, enhance the gain and maximize the V/H polarization ratio. In comparison with the already existing antenna systems in the wireless market for similar purposes, the proposed antenna has considerably shown better performance which makes it competitive among other antenna models. For the design and optimization of antennas, we use CST MWS software. The antennas have been designed and successfully measured.

Innovative design and optimization of a two-dimensional deployable nine-grid planar antenna mechanism with a flat reflection surface

With the development of the aerospace industry,space missions are becoming more complicated and diversified,and there is a demand for antenna mechanisms with a larger physical aperture.In this paper,a planar deployable mechanism is proposed,which can form a flat reflection surface with a small gap between plates.To this end,a novel large-scale two-dimensional deployable nine-grid planar antenna mechanism is designed.First,two antenna folding schemes and four supporting mechanism schemes are proposed.Through comparison analysis,the antenna configuration scheme with the best comprehensive performance is selected.A kinematic model of the deployable mechanism is established,and its kinematic characteristics are analyzed.Then,the correctness of the kinematic model is verified by comparing the analytical and simulation results of the kinematic model.Subsequently,a finite element model of the antenna is developed.Based on the response surface method,the structural parameters of the support rods of the antenna are optimized,and a set of optimized solutions with lightweight and high fundamental frequency characteristics are obtained.Finally,a prototype of the proposed nine-grid planar antenna is fabricated.The feasibility of the deployment principle and the rationality of the designed mechanism are verified by deployment experiments.

Design and study of a compact planar ultra-wideband antenna

In this paper,a novel,small,and compact planar antenna for ultra-wideband(UWB)applications is proposed.The antenna is an extension of microstrip slot antenna technology.To achieve ultra-wideband characteristics,a tapered microstrip fork-shaped stub has been employed.A symmetric polygon wide slot has been placed on the antenna ground.The design was investigated numerically to obtain proper dimensions for the antenna and a prototype was constructed.The return loss,pattern and gain of the prototype antenna have been measured.The transient pulse signal fidelity has also been investigated by finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method.Experimental results show that the proposed antenna design has promising characteristics for UWB applications.

UWB planar antenna technology

Recent developments of the ultra-wideband(UWB)planar antennas are reviewed,where the progress in UWB plate monopole antennas,UWB printed monopole antennas and the UWB printed slot antennas is introduced and compared.In addition,the UWB printed antennas with the band-notched functions are also presented.

Analysis and Design of Tapered Slot Antenna for Ultra-Wideband Applications

The tapered slot antenna, such as Vivaldi, has been widely used due to its ultra-wideband, high gain, simple feed structure, and easy fabrication. However, there is no rigorous analytical theory for this type of antenna. This paper analyzed the metal parts of a tapered slot antenna in a conical coordinate system with the medium analyzed in rectangular coordinates. This mixed mode gave an approximate analytical form for the tapered slot antenna with the field distribution and radiation characteristics. A planar tapered slot antenna was proposed according to the results of the analysis methods. Measured and simulated results demonstrate the antenna performance. The antenna shows good impedance matching over a wide bandwidth of 9 GHz, from 2 GHz to 11 GHz, and good radiation patterns. It is suitable for ultra-wideband applications.