An approach for determination of lateral limit angle in kinematic planar sliding analysis for rock slopes

Planar sliding is one of the frequently observed types of failure in rock slopes.Kinematic analysis is a classic and widely used method to examine the potential failure modes in rock masses.The accuracy of planar sliding kinematic analysis is significantly influenced by the value assigned to the lateral limit angleγlim.However,the assignment ofγlim is currently used generally based on an empirical criterion.This study aims to propose an approach for determining the value ofγlim in deterministic and probabilistic kinematic planar sliding analysis.A new perspective is presented to reveal thatγlim essentially influences the probability of forming a potential planar sliding block.The procedure to calculate this probability is introduced using the block theory method.It is found that the probability is correlated with the number of discontinuity sets presented in rock masses.Thus,different values ofγlim for rock masses with different sets of discontinuities are recommended in both probabilistic and deterministic planar sliding kinematic analyses;whereas a fixed value ofγlim is commonly assigned to different types of rock masses in traditional method.Finally,an engineering case was used to compare the proposed and traditional kinematic analysis methods.The error rates of the traditional method vary from 45%to 119%,while that of the proposed method ranges between 1%and 17%.Therefore,it is likely that the proposed method is superior to the traditional one.

Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic growth.Due to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few decades.Assessment of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the year.Several rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock mass.This study assesses slope stability along the NH-1A of Ramban district of North Western Himalayas.Various structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 slopes.For evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present study.The SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely unstable.The stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable slopes.Stable slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the FoS.The value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,respectively.Lastly,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

Design and dynamic analysis of a scissors hoop-rib truss deployable antenna mechanism

As the support mechanism of space-borne antennas,space deployable antenna mechanism belongs to complex multi-closed-loop coupling mechanism,configuration design and dynamic analysis are more difficult than general parallel mechanism.In this paper,an unequal-length scissors mechanism(ULSM)is proposed by changing the position of the internal rotational joint through a basic scissors mechanism.A scissors hoop-rib truss deployable antenna mechanism(SHRTDAM)is constructed by replacing the parabolic rib with the ULSM.Kinematic analysis of SHRTDAM is conducted,and the degree of freedom(DOF)of the whole antenna mechanism is analyzed based on screw theory,the result showed that it has only one DOF.Velocity and acceleration characteristics of SHRTDAM are obtained by the screw derivative and rotation transformation.Based on Lagrange equation,dynamic model of this mechanism is established,the torque required to drive the mechanism is simulated and verified by Adams and MATLAB software.In addition,a ground experiment prototype of 1.5-m diameter was fabricated and a deployment test is conducted,which demonstrated the mobility and deployment performance of the whole mechanism.The mechanism proposed in this paper can provide a good reference for the design and analysis of large aperture space deployable antennas.

INVERSE KINEMATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A 3-DOF PARALLEL MECHANISM

According to the structure character of the passive sub-chain of the 3TPS-TPparallel mechanism, the kinematic constraint equations of the movable platform are established,based on which the closed-form inverse kinematics formula of the parallel mechanism are presented.Through parting the spherical joints of the active sub-chains and using the force and momentequilibrium of both the active sub-chains and passive sub-chain, the constraint forces acting on theparted joints are determined. Subsequently, the analytic expressions of the actuator driving forcesare derived by means of the force equilibrium of the upper links of active sub-chains.

Pseudo-static/dynamic solutions of required reinforcement force for steep slopes using discretization-based kinematic analysis

This paper presents a procedure for assessing the reinforcement force of geosynthetics required for maintaining dynamic stability of a steep soil slope. Such a procedure is achieved with the use of the discretization technique and kinematic analysis of plasticity theory, i.e. discretization-based kinematic analysis. The discretization technique allows discretization of the analyzed slope into various components and generation of a kinematically admissible failure mechanism based on an associated flow rule.Accordingly, variations in soil properties including soil cohesion, internal friction angle and unit weight are accounted for with ease, while the conventional kinematic analysis fails to consider the changes in soil properties. The spatialetemporal effects of dynamic accelerations represented by primary and shear seismic waves are considered using the pseudo-dynamic approach. In the presence of geosynthetic reinforcement, tensile failure is discussed providing that the geosynthetics are installed with sufficient length. Equating the total rates of work done by external forces to the internal rates of work yields the upper bound solution of required reinforcement force, below which slopes fail. The reinforcement force is sought by optimizing the objective function with regard to independent variables, and presented in a normalized form. Pseudo-static analysis is a special case and hence readily transformed from pseudodynamic analysis. Comparisons of the pseudo-static/dynamic solutions calculated in this study are highlighted. Although the pseudo-static approach yields a conservative solution, its ability to give a reasonable result is substantiated for steep slopes. In order to provide a more meaningful solution to a stability analysis, the pseudo-dynamic approach is recommended due to considerations of spatial etemporal effect of earthquake input.

Dynamics Response and Non⁃linear Characteristics Analysis of Complex Planar 2⁃DOF Mechanism with Revolute Clearances

There are clearances in mechanism because of manufacture and assembly error,which reduces operation life and working accuracy of mechanism and has a great impact on dynamical responses.At the moment,research in this area mainly focuses on single degree⁃of⁃freedom mechanism considering one clearance,while research of multi⁃DOF mechanism considering multi⁃clearance is less.With the purpose of studying the dynamical characteristics of complex multi⁃DOF mechanism with multi⁃clearances,a dynamic model was developed.The dynamic responses of 2⁃DOF mechanism with two clearances under different positions,values,and numbers of clearance were analyzed.The displacement,velocity,acceleration,collision force,and the axis trajectory at clearance were then given.In addition,there is a limited amount of literature on chaotic phenomena,which mainly focuses on the chaotic phenomena of end⁃effector of mechanism.But in this paper,the non⁃linear characteristics were analyzed by chaotic phenomenon of clearance joint,then chaotic phenomenon was identified by Poincarémappings and phase diagrams.Bifurcation diagrams were given.The results will offer a reliable technical support for the study of dynamical responses of planar mechanisms and the analysis of chaotic phenomena.

A Method for Automatically Establishing a Mathematical Model of Kinematic Analysis to a Planar Mechanism with a Multiple Joint and Prismatic Pair

A method for automatically establishing a mathematical model of kinematic analysis to a planar mechanism with multiple joint and prismatic pair is presented. The breadth （ or depth ） first search spanning tree can be obtained based on an adjacency matrix of the mechanism. Then the kinematic chain （or mechanism）＇s basic loops can be obtained. On the basis of these basic loops, a mathematical model of kinematic analysis can be established and solved automatically. In the sense of a calculative mechanism, structural analysis of the kinematic chain relates to the kinematic analysis of a mechanism. Thus, an effective way is supplied to the given mechanism＇s kinematic analysis for automatic modeling and solving, and a method is supplied to the structural type to optimize kinematic synthesis.

KINEMATICS ANALYSIS OF GUIDED CHAIN DRIVE MECHANISM WITH LINKAGES

A method of analyzing the motion of guided chain drive mechanism with linkages is presented. The method studies the output motion of a point on connecting rod including motion track, velocity and acceleration.

A Study of Dynamic Analysis Method for the Rigid-Flexible Coupled Bar Linkage System

In order to present a dynamic analysis method for the rigid-flexible coupled bar linkage system(RFCBLS),the flexible element motion equation was gotten by Lagrange Equation and the rigid element motion equation was gotten based on rigid constraint conditions.The multi-body system(MBS) is a complex mechanism and its components have quite different rigidities.If it is considered as a rigid MBS(RMBS) to do its dynamic analysis,elastic deformation's ignorance will lead to inaccurate analysis.If it is considered as a flexible MBS(FMBS) to establish,analyze,and solve the model,quite large system equations make it difficult to solve.The better method is as follows:the complex mechanism system is regarded as a rigid-flexible coupled system(RFCS) to make dynamic characteristic of rigid components be equivalent,system equation is established by FMBS' way,and system equation dimensions are reduced by transition matrices' introduction.A dynamic analysis method for rigid element and flexible element coupling was presented based on the FMBS.The analyzed crank slide-block mechanism results show that the dynamic analysis method for RFCBLS is quick and convenient.

Dynamic Analysis of Four-Bar Beating-up Mechanism with Joint Clearance

For the four-bar beating-up mechanism of air-jet loom,the plain bearing of linkage is the bearing with dynamic load,and is immersed in the lubricant-box.If the joint clearance is considered,the research on linkage movement could be very complicated.In this paper,the kinematic characteristics of four-bar beating-up mechanism with joint clearance were studied by analyzing the trace of journal center and the balance of radial,tangential forces,and bearing load.The region of principal vibration and its forming causes were discussed.And the results could interpret the measuring curves of four-bar beating-up mechanism completely.

FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE SPLINE MODEL METHOD OF KED ANALYSIS IN A PLANAR FLEXIBLE LINKAGE

This paper relates to the deep research on the Splinc Model Method of KED analysis. With the use of cubic B-splinc function as a link’s transverse deflection interpolation function, the principle of virtual displacement is presented as a basic theory for the general formulation of the equations of motion, and thus abandoned the kinematic assumption and the instantaneous structure assumption which arc used in the Spline Model Method. In thc same time, the nonlinear terms sue as coupling terms between thc rigid body motion and elastic deformation arc included. New member’s spline models are established. Mass matrix, Coriolis mass matrix, normal and tangential mass matrix, linear stiffness matrix, nonlinear stiffness matrix and rotation matrix arc derived. The kinematic differential equations of a member and system are deduced in the end. The Newmark direct integration method is used as the solution scheme of the kinematic differential equations to get the periodic response.

The Kinematics Analysis of Heald Selecting Mechanism of Rotary Electronic Dobby

In order to improve the reliability of the mechanical movement of the rotary electronic dobby, the kinematics analysis of the heald selection mechanism is carried out and the simulation is carried out with Matlab. Firstly, the operation mechanism of the heald selection mechanism is analyzed in detail. The conjugate cam is mapped. The cam profile curve is fitted with cubic spline interpolation. Secondly, based on the overall analysis method and the complex vector method, the kinematics analysis of the key components after the high pair low generation is performed, and the angular displacement and angular velocity of each component are calculated with the rotation of the active cam. Finally, the movement curve diagram is drawn with Matlab, which lays the foundation for the dynamic analysis and in-depth study of the selection mechanism in the future.

正解符号化且运动解耦的2T1R并联机构拓扑设计与分析

基于方位特征(POC)方程的并联机构设计理论与方法,设计了一种全部由低副组成、具有位置正解符号化且部分运动解耦的两平移一转动(2T1R)并联机构,并对机构的主要拓扑特征(POC、自由度、耦合度、运动解耦性)进行分析与计算;基于拓扑特征运动学建模原理,导出机构符号式位置正解和反解;同时,由位置反解分析了机构奇异性,基于符号式位置正解求解了机构工作空间;根据基于虚功原理的序单开链法,对该机构动力学性能进行分析,计算得施加在3个驱动副上的驱动力;最后,对该机构应用于无人机操作及其安全着陆的动作原理进行了概念设计阐述。

六自由度搬运机械手实验平台设计与仿真分析

为了培养学生应用工程软件进行机械装置设计分析的能力,在“机械设计基础”课程设计中对一款冲压上下料六自由度机械手实验平台进行了结构设计与仿真分析。对机械手平台进行整体结构设计,初步规划机械手的尺寸和各个关节的运行范围,利用SolidWorks软件对机械手的各个零部件进行三维建模并装配成机械手整机,利用ADAMS软件对机械手的虚拟样机进行运动学和动力学仿真,验证其运动平稳性,以仿真结果为依据完成电机和减速器的选型,利用ANSYS软件完成机械手的有限元分析,验证其强度和刚度,并分析其固有频率。为冲压上下料六自由度搬运机械手平台的搭建提供了理论基础。

飞行器旋转翼折展过程动稳定性研究进展

旋转翼是一种可绕固定轴旋转变体的机翼,广泛应用于新型无人机、巡飞弹、航空炸弹等飞行器,其折展过程中的动稳定特性是决定旋转翼飞行器设计成败的关键基础问题。基于此,梳理了近年来飞行器旋转翼折展过程动稳定机理的研究进展。介绍了旋转翼发展历程及其面临的折展动稳定关键问题;从非定常气动数值模拟、非定常动态特性数值模拟、CFD/RBD一体化耦合数值模拟3个层次阐述了折展过程动稳定数值模拟进展;介绍了旋转翼折展扰动下的非线性动力学建模及动稳定性分析的现状;分析了旋转翼折展动稳定性机理的风洞试验验证情况;总结了旋转翼折展过程动稳定研究面临的科学问题,并提出了可行的研究方向。

直升机腿式起落架机构动力学研究

多用途、智能化和强地形适应性是未来直升机发展的重要趋势。起落架是保障直升机起降安全的关键部件,传统起落架的地形适应能力较差,针对直升机在复杂地形环境下如何实现平稳着陆的难题,利用仿生学设计理念设计一种腿式起落架系统。首先从腿式起落架设计需求出发,对起落架构型进行分析并完成腿部结构设计;然后基于设计的腿部机构,完成其运动学分析和动力学分析,建立相应模型,以此作为腿式起落架运动控制的基础;最后在实验室完成腿式起落架的运动测试,证明了结构设计的合理性和着陆的稳定性。

矫形鞋垫对扁平足患者下肢影响的生物力学分析

【目的】矫形鞋垫是非手术矫正扁平足的有效手段,但对于其康复治疗机制目前还未有统一的观点,以往的研究大多集中在对足底压力的改善。【方法】首先利用三维运动捕捉系统、测力台和足部测试系统分别对受试者进行测试,获取扁平足患者自然行走时下肢的运动学和动力学数据,然后使用Anybody软件建立受试者的肌骨模型并进行逆向动力学分析,对比分析扁平足患者使用矫形鞋垫前、后自然行走时下肢关节角度、地面反作用力、关节力矩和肌肉激活度等参数的变化。【结果】结果显示:扁平足患者穿戴矫形鞋垫后,足底压力分布有明显改善,步行周期内踝关节运动角度变化明显,支撑期内垂直地面和侧向地面反作用力峰值均变小,关节力矩和下肢主要肌肉的激活度均有不同程度的改变。【结论】可为临床扁平足患者的康复治疗提供一定参考。

一种混合驱动的上肢康复外骨骼机器人设计

针对现有上肢康复外骨骼机器人的驱动问题,设计一种混合驱动的上肢康复外骨骼机器人,肩关节由电机直接与关节相连驱动,肘关节与腕关节由电机与绳索配合驱动。按照人体上肢解剖学结构设计出外骨骼机器人的本体结构和基本属性,分析肘关节运动原理,进行绳驱动关节张力分析,运用D-H法建立机器人的运动学模型,分析正运动学,通过ADAMS软件对机器人进行动力学仿真,运用CUBSPL函数作为驱动得出各关节的力矩变化,为后面各个关节电机的选型提供依据。