Different angle-resolved polarization configurations of Raman spectroscopy: A case on the basal and edge plane of two-dimensional materials

Angle-resolved polarized Raman（ARPR） spectroscopy can be utilized to assign the Raman modes based on crystal symmetry and Raman selection rules and also to characterize the crystallographic orientation of anisotropic materials.However, polarized Raman measurements can be implemented by several different configurations and thus lead to different results. In this work, we systematically analyze three typical polarization configurations： 1） to change the polarization of the incident laser, 2） to rotate the sample, and 3） to set a half-wave plate in the common optical path of incident laser and scattered Raman signal to simultaneously vary their polarization directions. We provide a general approach of polarization analysis on the Raman intensity under the three polarization configurations and demonstrate that the latter two cases are equivalent to each other. Because the basal plane of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite（HOPG） exhibits isotropic feature and its edge plane is highly anisotropic, HOPG can be treated as a modelling system to study ARPR spectroscopy of twodimensional materials on their basal and edge planes. Therefore, we verify the ARPR behaviors of HOPG on its basal and edge planes at three different polarization configurations. The orientation direction of HOPG edge plane can be accurately determined by the angle-resolved polarization-dependent G mode intensity without rotating sample, which shows potential application for orientation determination of other anisotropic and vertically standing two-dimensional materials and other materials.

The occlusal plane in the facial context:inter-operator repeatability of a new three-dimensional method

The repeatability of a non-invasive digital protocol proposed to evaluate the three-dimensional（3D） position of the occlusal plane in the face is assessed.Dental virtual models and soft tissue facial morphology of 20 adult subjects were digitally integrated using a 3D stereophotogrammetric imaging system.The digital 3D coordinates of facial and dental landmarks were obtained by two different operators.Camper＇s（facial） and occlusal（dental） planes were individuated,and their 3D relationships were measured.The repeatability of the protocol was investigated and showed no significant differences in repeated digitizations.The angle between occlusal and Camper＇s planes was smaller than 26 in the frontal and horizontal projections.In the sagittal projection,the angle was observed to be,on average,4.9 6.The determined occlusal plane pitch,roll and yaw values show good agreement with previously published data obtained by different protocols.The current non-invasive method was repeatable,without inter-operator differences and can facilitate assessment of healthy subjects.

Plane Elasticity and Dislocation of One-Dimensional Hexagonal Quasicrystals with Point Group 6

Plane elasticity theory of one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals with point group 6 is proposed and established. As an application of this theory, one typical example of dislocation problem in the quasicrystals is investigated and its exact analytic solution is presented. The result obtained indicates that the stress components of (elastic) fields of a straight dislocation in the quasicrystals still first order singularity, which is the same as the (general crystals,) but are related with the Burgers vector of phason fields, which is different from the general (crystals.)

Spectral Description of a Class of Infinite-Dimensional Hamiltonian Operators and Its Application to Plane Elasticity Equations Without Body Force

In this paper,the results of spectral description and invertibility of upper triangle infinite-dimensionalHamiltonian operators with a diagonal domain are given.By the above results,it is proved that the infinite-dimensionalHamiltonian operator associated with plane elasticity equations without the body force is invertible,and the spectrumof which is non-empty and is a subset of R.

Three-dimensional Scattering of Obliquely Incident Plane SH Waves by an Alluvial Valley in a Layered Half-space

The indirect boundary element method(IBEM)is used to study three-dimensional scattering of obliquely incident plane SH waves by an alluvial valley embedded in a layered half-space.The free-field response of the layered half-space is calculated by the direct stiffness method,and dynamic Green's functions of moving distributed loads acting on inclined lines in a layered half-space are calculated to simulate the scattering wave field.The presented method yields very accurate results since the three-dimensional dynamic stiffness matrix is exact and the moving distributed loads can act directly on the valley boundary without singularity.Numerical results and analyses are performed for amplification of obliquely incident plane SH waves around an alluvial valley in a uniform half-space and in single layer over half-space.The results show that the three-dimensional responses are distinctly different from the two-dimensional responses,and the displacement amplitudes around alluvial valleys in a uniform half-space are obviously different from those in a layered half-space.

镂空重构手法在服装设计中的创新应用

为了打破镂空工艺对材料、技术的使用界限,丰富其在服装设计中的创新应用,通过梳理服装中镂空构型的起源与发展,在镂空重构概念界定的基础上,结合已有案例归纳分析镂空重构的3类实现手法:连接点式镂空、重塑线式镂空以及剪切面式镂空。以连接点式镂空手法为例,进一步探究镂空重构手法在服装设计中的创新实践:一是镂空构型材料层面的创新,将环保理念融入服装设计,实现废弃物升级利用;二是造型表现技术层面的创新,结合立体塑形进行服装造型表现的拓展实践,并对镂空重构手法在服装设计领域的应用前景作了展望。

城市实景模型结构化线面特征重构方法

为了改善城市实景模型边缘模糊,提出了一种曲率引导的结构化线面特征重构方法。根据曲率特征将网格分割为平面、可展凹、可展凸以及不可展曲面4类,在平面分割结果内提取平面,在可展凹和可展凸分割结果内提取直线,对过度弯曲的不可展区域进行保留,最终形成包含几何特征的复合网格模型。结果表明,结合曲率信息预先设置几何特征的潜在范围,使得结构化线面特征更可靠,同时保证城市实景中复杂的树结构不被错误地提取为平面。

基于服装造型设计的变形与转换探究

文章通过借助众多创新、前沿的服装造型设计实例为依据,从服装外形方面出发,对服装造型的内部构造及外部轮廓的变形与转换原理进行深入探究。以平面裁剪为视角,结合具体案例分析对服装版型的变换与解构,并针对设计师在规则与不规则的几何服装造型中的廓型转换与结构工艺进行探讨,探究在人-服装-环境概念下,设计师如何通过改变服装基础结构向功能性方向变换,增加服装的附加价值。通过梳理服装造型变换所包含的各种设计形态,详尽剖析各种变形手法,预见服装产业的造型设计发展方向。

基于三维点云计算的CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度量化表征方法

CO_(2)地质封存是减少大气中CO_(2)排放,降低温室效应的重要途径,CO_(2)注入含水地层中时,CO_(2)-水-岩反应可能引起岩石矿物的侵蚀,对CO_(2)地质封存安全性产生显著影响。在室内实验中,通过表征岩石表面的形貌特征可以有效地评估CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度,为CO_(2)地质封存的安全性评估提供科学依据。通过三维点云计算可以精确量化地表征CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度,这种方法首先运用三维激光扫描技术,构建岩石表面的三维模型,确定CO_(2)-水处理前岩石表面三维模型的基准面,并基于处理前的均方根粗糙度确定处理后岩石表面三维模型的基准面。基于三维模型点云信息,提出了两种不同的体积计算新方法,并通过对规则模型体积的计算比较了两种计算方法的准确性与适用性,可根据实际情况选择两种计算方法量化表征CO_(2)-水处理前后岩石表面的侵蚀体积。最后,以陕西省咸阳市某煤矿煤样为例,开展了CO_(2)-水-岩反应模拟试验,验证了计算的可行性。试验结果表明:该文提出的侵蚀体积计算方法可有效地量化表征CO_(2)-水-岩反应程度,CO_(2)-水处理后岩石表面不同区域的侵蚀差异性明显,岩石表面的侵蚀体积与均方根粗糙度之间存在显著的正比关系,随着均方根粗糙度的增大,侵蚀体积也相应上升。

磁场中受垂直激励非线性单摆的动力学分析

在结合能量采集等生活实际应用领域的基础上,构建了一个在磁场中的单摆模型,并深入分析了其动力学行为,旨在为工程摆设备的工作性能参数的优化选择提供理论支持。首先通过势能函数导出了势阱曲线,并探讨了势阱和势垒对系统动力特性的影响。然后采用Melnikov函数方法,不仅求解了系统的同宿轨迹和产生Smale意义上混沌的临界条件,还揭示了单摆系统振幅与系统频率之间的关系,并提出了计算同宿分岔曲线的数值方法,成功绘制了分岔曲线。最后通过综合运用单参数分岔、Lyapunov指数、相轨迹图、庞加莱截面图以及双参数平面上的分岔图等分析工具,展示了摆动系统演进至混沌的两种路径:倍周期分岔和鞍结分岔。此外,还揭示了这类单摆系统的全局运动规律,如倍周期分岔、吸引子倍增、鞍结分岔等,进一步明确了相关参数对工程系统工作性能的影响及其作用机制。

三维数字化的TAP精准阻滞麻醉在剖宫产术中应用效果

目的:分析数字三维重建技术支持下的腹横肌平面(TAP)阻滞在剖宫产术中麻醉及术后镇痛中的作用。方法:选取2020年12月-2022年5月在本院妇产科行剖宫产手术的156例产妇为研究对象,随机分组分为观察组和对照组各78例。对照组接受超声引导下TAP阻滞,观察组在三维重建算法支持下接受超声引导下TAP精准阻滞,记录分析两组年龄、基础疾病,术前收缩压、舒张压、心率等基线资料、麻醉后首次下床时间、疼痛阻滞时间、术后2h、12h、24h、48h视觉模拟评分法(VAS)及相关并发症情况等临床指标。结果:观察组麻醉后首次下床时间(22.65±5.76 h)、疼痛阻滞时间(29.17±3.89h)均低于对照组(25.56±6.02h、30.27±4.03h)(均P<0.05);术后24h时两组疼痛均最显著,2h、12hVAS评分观察组(4.01±0.64分、4.12±0.86分)均低于对照组(4.25±0.84分、4.42±0.83分)(均P<0.05),48h后两组VAS评分无差异(P>0.05),两组麻醉不良反应及并发症无差异(P>0.05)。结论:基于三维数字化的超声引导下TAP阻滞麻醉更直观、精准,术后镇痛效果更好,可为剖宫产术中个性化、精准化、安全有效的麻醉方案制定提供新的参考依据。

超声速差法平面叶栅流场试验和数值研究

针对平面叶栅狭小通道中流场非接触测量难题,提出一种基于超声速差原理的二维流场测量方法。设计一种2×4超声波斜、平口换能器组合阵列,研制一套多通道超声法测量和气流速度场重建系统。开展平面叶栅流场测量试验,成功获取了3种不同进口速度条件下流道二维速度场。利用COMSOL Multiphysics中CFD模块同步开展叶栅流场数值模拟,并与试验结果对比。结果表明:超声测量与数值模拟结果较为接近,速度大小和偏转角误差均在5%以内,较好地反映叶栅通道的流动特点。提出的超声测量技术有望进一步用于高马赫数流场研究。

Detection of Congenital Uterine Malformation by Using Transvaginal Three-dimensional Ultrasound

This study assessed the clinical application of transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound （3D TVUS） in the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation. A retrospective study was performed on 62 patients with congenital uterine malformation confirmed hysteroscopically and/or laparoscopically. The patients were subjected to transvaginal two-dimensional ultrasound （2D TVUS） and 3D TVUS. The accuracy rate was compared between the two methods. The accuracy rate of 3D TVUS was （98.38%, 61/62）, higher than that of 2D TVUS （80.65%, 50/62）. 3D TVUS coronal plane imaging could demon- strate the internal shape of the endometrial cavity and the external contour of the uterine fundus. It al- lowed accurate measurement on the coronary plane, and could three-dimensionally show the image of cervical tube, thereby providing information for the diagnosis of some complex uterine malformation. 3D TVUS imaging can obtain comprehensive information of the uterus malformation, and it is superior to 2D TVUS for the diagnosis of congenital uterine malformations, especially complex uterine anomaly.

A modified maximum tangential tensile stress criterion for three-dimensional crack propagation

The three-dimensional （3D） crack propagation is a hot issue in rock mechanics. To properly simulate 3D crack propagation, a modified maximum tangential tensile stress criterion is proposed. In this modified criterion, it is supposed that cracks propagate only at crack front in the principal normal plane. The tangential tensile stress at crack front in the principal normal plane in local coordinates is employed to determine crack propagation, which is calculated through coordinate transformation from global to local coordinates. New cracks will propagate when the maximum tangential tensile stress at crack front in the principal normal plane reaches the tensile strength of rock-like materials. Compared with the previous crack propagation criteria, the modified crack propagation criterion is helpful in calculating 3D crack stress intensity factor, and can overcome the limitations of propagation step determined by individual experiences in previous studies. Finally, the 3D crack propagation process is traced by element-free Galerkin method. The numerical results agree well with the experimental ones for a frozen resin sample with prefabricated 3D cracks.

两种方式构建的正中矢状面在面部畸形患者中的准确性研究

目的探讨本体/镜像关联法和点构法所构建的三维头颅的正中矢状面(median sagittal plane,MSP)在面部畸形患者中的准确性,为颌面部对称性分析提供依据。方法本研究通过医院伦理委员会批准。选取30例面部畸形患者的锥形束CT数据,以DICOM格式保存输出,在Mimics21.0下完成数据分割获取数字化三维头颅,将所生成数字化头颅数据导入逆向工程软件geomagic studio 2014中。分别使用本体/镜像关联法、点构法构建头颅的MSP。本体/镜像关联法对数字化头颅数据进行左右镜像后合并,获取对称特征平面即为所构建的MSP平面(S1)。点构法通过Mimics21.0在数字化头颅数据中选取鼻根点(nasion,N)、鸡冠点(crista galli,CG)、蝶鞍点(sella,S)、颅底点(basion,Ba)、梨骨点(vomer,V)、后鼻棘点(posterior nasal spine,PNS)、切牙孔点(incisive foramen,IF)、前鼻棘点(anterior nasal spine,ANS);一并导入geomagic studio 2014中,获取的最佳拟合平面即为所构建的MSP平面(S2)。由5位颌面外科高年资医生,采用单盲法对两种方法构建的S1、S2结果进行主观评分,对两组评分进行配对t检验。再次重复实验评分,对5位颌面外科高年资医生的前后两次评分进行一致性分析,验证专家评价法的可重复性。结果本体/镜像关联法构建S1平均得分为65.73,点构法构建S2平均得分为75.90。S1、S2组配对t检验得出点构法得分高于本体/镜像关联法,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。一致性分析检验结果表明本研究的专家评分具有可重复性及一致性。结论在面部畸形患者中,点构法所构建的MSP优于本体/镜像关联法所构建的MSP,可为颌面部对称性分析提供依据,具有临床可行性。

随机通信时延下传感器连通覆盖保持算法研究

随机通信环境下传感网络节点信息传输随机性较强,导致传感器网络的连通覆盖难以保持。为此,提出基于模拟二维分析的传感器连通覆盖保持算法。标记传感器感知范围内任意一个节点形成的感知圆,以该圆作为传感器对该节点的初步覆盖范围,分别计算该节点、相邻节点端与传感器端间接收到能量的起始时间,构建不同时延量对节点实际覆盖度、覆盖面积以及覆盖概率的影响模型。获取单节点与整个区域的覆盖范围重叠部分,根据串联覆盖路径连通覆盖法约束传感器节点,实现连通及覆盖的保持。设置通信时延为5 m/s和20 m/s,设计仿真实验。实验结果验证了所提方法受到时延环境的影响较小,且耗时更短,适应能力强,连通覆盖保持的范围更广。该方法具有实际应用价值。

Three dimensional K-Tz stress fields around the embedded center elliptical crack front in elastic plates

Through detailed three-dimensional （3D） finite element （FE） calculations, the out-of-plane constraints Tz along embedded center-elliptical cracks in mode I elastic plates are studied. The distributions of Tz are obtained near the crack front with aspect ratios （a/c） of 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Tz decreases from an approximate value of Poisson ratio v at the crack tip to zero with increasing normalized radial distances （r/a） in the normal plane of the crack front line, and increases gradually when the elliptical parameter angle φ changes from 0° to 90°at the same r/a. With a/c rising to 1.0, Tz is getting nearly independent of φ and is only related to r/a. Based on the present FE calculations for Tz, empirical formulas for Tz are obtained to describe the 3D distribution of Tz for embedded center-elliptical cracks using the least squares method in the range of 0.2 ≤ a/c ≤ 1.0. These Tz results together with the corresponding stress intensity factor K are well suitable for the analysis of the 3D embedded centerelliptical crack from field, and a two-parameter K-Tz principle is proposed.

Evaluation of Right Ventricular Volume and Systolic Function by Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography

The optimal plane for measurement of the right ventricular (RV) volumes by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) was determined and the feasibility and accuracy of RT3DE in studying RV systolic function was assessed. RV “Full volume” images were acquired by RT3DE in 22 healthy subjects. RV end-diastolic volumes (RVEDV) and end-systolic volumes (RVESV) were outlined using apical biplane, 4-plane, 8-plane, 16-plane offline separately. RVSV and RVEF were calculated. Meanwhile tricuspid annual systolic excursion (TASE) was measured by M-mode echo. LVSV was outlined by 2-D echo according to the biplane Simpson's rule. The results showed: (1) There was a good correlation between RVSV measured from series planes and LVSV from 2-D echo (r=0.73; r=0.69; r=0.63; r=0.66, P<0.25—0.0025); (2) There were significant differences between RVEDV in biplane and those in 4-, 8-, 16-plane (P<0.001). There was also difference between RV volume in 4-plane and that in 8-plane (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between RV volume in 8-plane and that in 16-plane (P>0.05); (3) Inter-observers and intro-observers variability analysis showed that there were close agreements and relations for RV volumes (r=0.986, P<0.001; r=0.93, P<0.001); (4) There was a significantly positive correlation of TASE to RVSV and RVEF from RT3DE (r=0.83; r=0.90). So RV volume measures with RT3DE are rapid, accurate and reproducible. In view of RV's complex shape, apical 8-plane method is better in clinical use. It may allow early detection of RV systolic function.

THE 3-D STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR FOR A HALF PLANE CRACK IN A TRANSVERSELY ISOTROPIC SOLID DUE TO THE MOTION OF LOADS ON THE CRACK FACES

Three-dimensional analysis of a half plane crack in a transversely isotropic solid is performed. The crack is subjected to a pair of normal point loads moving in a direction perpendicular to the crack edge on its faces. Transform methods are used to reduce the boundary value problem to a single integral equation that can be solved by the Wiener-Hopf technique. The Cagniard-de Hoop method is employed to invert the transforms. An exact expression is derived for the mode I stress intensity factor as a function of time and position along the crack edge. Some features of the solution are discussed through numerical results.

基于三维激光扫描的岩质边坡结构面自动识别方法

针对解决传统结构面调查效率低,而现有结构面自动识别技术多为非监督式聚类或夹角阈值分割,操作者主观影响过大或者鲁棒性较差都可能导致优势结构面数量判定不准确的问题,本文提出了一种基于改进分水岭的结构面识别方法。首先,以结构面点云为数据源,采用PCA主成分分析计算平面法向量;随后,求解出点云局域平面的产状并使用高斯核密度估计分析点云分布密度;最后,利用改进分水岭算法实现岩体优势结构面自动聚类。结果表明:本文采用的密度簇阈值分割算法,无需确定种数类别,可直接得到结构面最优聚类组数及产状。算法识别出的结构面产状误差最大为2.9°,满足精度要求,为岩体结构面精细化识别提供了可靠保证。