NEAR-FIELD ACOUSTIC HOLOGRAPHY FOR SEMI-FREE ACOUSTIC FIELD BASED ON WAVE SUPERPOSITION APPROACH

In the semi-free acoustic field, the actual acoustic pressure at any point is composed of two parts： The direct acoustic pressure and the reflected acoustic pressure. The general acoustic holographic theories and algorithms request that there is only the direct acoustic pressure contained in the pressure at any point on the hologram surface, consequently, they cannot be used to reconstruct acoustic source and predict acoustic field directly. To take the reflected pressure into consideration, near-field acoustic holography for semi-free acoustic field based on wave superposition approach is proposed to realize the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field, and the wave superposition approach is adopted as a holographic transform algorithm. The proposed theory and algorithm are realized and verified with a numerical example, and the drawbacks of the general theories and algorithms in the holographic reconstruction and prediction of the semi-free acoustic field are also demonstrated by this numerical example.

Novel Method for Selection of Regularization Parameter in the Near-field Acoustic Holography

Because of the ill-posedness of the near-field acoustic holography（NAH）,the regularization method is required to stabilize the computational process of NAH.The regularization effect is related to how to select the parameter correctly and effectively.However the L-curve method commonly used for the selection of regularization parameters has the disadvantages of wrong selection and incorrect selection,which influences the application of NAH.For the purpose of solving the problems existed in the L-curve method,the （？）-curve method is introduced into the field of NAH,and the performance applied to NAH directly is analyzed on the basis of equivalent source method-based NAH.However,it is found out via investigations that the（？）-curve method in NAH also has the problem of wrong selection and is unable to choose the regularization parameter correctly.In order to select the parameter correctly and effectively,a novel method for selecting regularization parameters is proposed based on the original（？）-curve method,which can be called improved （？）-curve method.In the proposed method the regularization parameters are discretized linearly between the largest singular value and the smallest singular value,and the solution norm and the residual norm corresponding to these regularization parameters are also described in a linear coordinate instead of in a lg-lg coordinate,which are the two main differences compared with the L-curve and with the original（？）-curve method.In linear coordinate and using the linearly discretized regularization parameters,the solution norm is a monotonically decreasing function of the residual norm as the increase of the regularization parameter,moreover the curve is convex everywhere.So the regularization parameters can be selected correctly and effectively based on the improved（？）-curve method.Then a numerical simulation is done with a simply supported plate to verify the validity of the proposed method.Experiments with two actual sources,a clamped plate and the double speakers,are carried out to do a further demonstration.The simulation result as well as the experimental result shows that the improved（？）-curve method is efficacious and has some advantages over the L-curve method and the original（？）-curve method.The proposed novel method is able to avoid the problem of wrong selection and to select the regularization parameter correctly even if the curve is smooth.

High-efficiency prediction method for helicopter global/ground noise based on near-field acoustic holography

Noise reduction program design is an effective approach that relies on efficient noise prediction for reducing ground noise during flight.The existing noise prediction methods have the limitations of being computationally expensive or only applicable to far-fields.In this paper,a High-Efficiency Prediction Method(HEPM)for helicopter global/ground noise based on near-field acoustic holography is proposed.The HEPM can predict the global noise based on acoustic modal analysis and has the advantages of high prediction accuracy and low time cost.The process is given as follows:firstly,the rotor noise on the holographic surface in the specified flight is obtained by simulations or experiments.Secondly,the global noise model,which maps time-domain noise to acoustic modes,is established based on near-field acoustic holography and Fourier acoustic analysis methods.Finally,combined with acoustic modal amplitude,the model established enables efficiently predicting the global/ground noise in the corresponding flight state.To verify the accuracy of the prediction method,a simulation study is conducted in hovering and forward flight states using a model helicopter with a 2-meter rotor and Rotor Body Interaction(ROBIN)fuselage.The comparison of HEPM with numerical results shows that the average prediction errors of the global and ground noise are less than 0.3 dB and 0.2 dB,respectively.For a region containing 100000 observers,the computation time of the HEPM is only one-fifth of that of the acoustic hemisphere method,demonstrating the rapidity of the proposed method.

Underwater hybrid near-field acoustical holography based on the measurement of vector hydrophone array

Hybrid near-field acoustical holography(NAH) is developed for reconstructing acoustic radiation from a cylindrical source in a complex underwater environment. In hybrid NAH,we combine statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography(SONAH) and broadband acoustical holography from intensity measurements(BAHIM) to reconstruct the underwater cylindrical source field. First,the BAHIM is utilized to regenerate as much acoustic pressures on the hologram surface as necessary,and then the acoustic pressures are taken as input to the formulation implemented numerically by SONAH. The main advantages of this technology are that the complex pressure on the hologram surface can be reconstructed without reference signal,and the measurement array can be smaller than the source,thus the practicability and efficiency of this technology are greatly enhanced. Numerical examples of a cylindrical source are demonstrated. Test results show that hybrid NAH can yield a more accurate reconstruction than conventional NAH. Then,an experiment has been carried out with a vector hydrophone array. The experimental results show the advantage of hybrid NAH in the reconstruction of an acoustic field and the feasibility of using a vector hydrophone array in an underwater NAH measurement,as well as the identification and localization of noise sources.

Underwater moving noise source identification based on hybrid near-field acoustical holography

Near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is a powerful tool for identifying noise sources and visualizing acoustic field. By recording the acoustic pressures in the near-field, the acoustic quantities in the whole 3-D field can be reconstructed and predicted. However, the current theory of NAH is not applicable to tracking large scale moving noise sources. Therefore, the hybrid near-field acoustical holography is developed for reconstructing acoustic radiation, which is derived from statistically optimized near-field acoustical holography (SONAH) and moving frame acoustical holography (MFAH). The theoretical formulation is systematically addressed. This method enables us to visualize the noise generated by moving noise sources and the measurement array can be smaller than the source, which improves the practicability and efficiency of this technology. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the advantages of hybrid NAH. Then, two experiments have been carried out with a line array of hydrophones. The results of simulations and experiments support the proposed theory, which shows the advantage of hybrid NAH in the reconstruction of an acoustic field in an underwater holographic measurement.

Underwater patch near-field acoustical holography based on particle velocity and vector hydrophone array

One-step patch near-field acoustical holography(PNAH) is a powerful tool for identifying noise sources from the partially known sound pressure field.The acoustical property to be reconstructed on the surface of interest is related to the partially measured pressure on the hologram surface in terms of sampling and bandlimiting matrices,which cost more in computation.A one-step procedure based on measuring of the normal component of the particle velocity is described,including the mathematical formulation.The numerical simulation shows that one-step PNAH based on particle velocity can obtain more accurately reconstructed results and it is also less sensitive to noise than the method based on pressure.These findings are confirmed by an underwater near-field acoustical holography experiment conducted with a vector hydrophone array.The experimental results have illustrated the high performance of one-step PNAH based on particle velocity in the reconstruction of sound field and the advantages of a vector hydrophone array in an underwater near-field measurement.

基于传递函数估计的近场声全息的噪声源识别

在近场声全息(NAH)声场测量中,噪声的存在使近场声全息重建精度降低,影响声场重建的实现。本文提出一种基于传递函数估计的双测量面NAH技术,首先采用双测量面对噪声源信号进行测量,然后基于传递函数法引入一种合理的传递函数估计,结合参考传声器信号来求解全息面复声压,最后利用前后测量面数据相位差异来求解格林函数,根据声场重建公式进行近场声全息声场重建。数值仿真及重建误差分析表明,存在测量噪声影响的情况下,本文提出的方法相比传递函数法NAH重建误差更小,能够更准确地识别声源位置并提高声全息重建精度。最后对某型拖拉机前端进行近场阵列扫描试验,验证基于传递函数估计的双测量面NAH的有效性。

传播波与倏逝波对全息重建影响的研究

通过分析近场声全息中传播波和倏逝波的声场分布与声源大小、辐射频率及测量距离的关系,得出了传播波和倏逝波在空间声场中的变化规律、影响因素以及两者之间的对应关系,确定了可利用的倏逝波传播距离。在此基础上,提出了一种改进的远场声全息方法:首先利用传统远场声全息方法重建声源,然后通过传播波与倏逝波的关系,得出声源面上相应的倏逝波成分,两者叠加获取接近于近场声全息的重建结果。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了这一结果。

基于单全息面三维声强测量的声场分离技术

在测量全息面三维声强和均方声压的基础上,根据平面上二维切向有功声强与复声压相位间的关系来间接获取复声压的相位,结合测得的均方声压,得到全息复声压;根据全息面上微粒法向振速的叠加原理和波数域的 Euler公式,推导出基于单全息面三维声强测量的声场分离公式,将全息面两侧声源各自在全息面上产生的声压分离开来。在全息面两侧均有声源的情况下,实现噪声源的识别与定位,克服了近场声全息(NAH)和基于声强测量的宽带声全息(BAHIM)的应用局限性。数值仿真的结果证明了该技术的可行性和有效性。

声场中倏逝波特性及改进全息重建方法的研究

近场声全息是通过在紧靠被测声源物体的近场测量面上记录全息数据,不但可以记录传播波成分,还可以获得反映声场高空间特性的倏逝波成分。通过分析传播波和倏逝波在声场中的分布情况与声场空间位置、声源大小及频率的关系,得出了传播波和倏逝波在空间声场中的变化规律、影响因素以及二者之间的对应关系。通过对不同背景噪声下倏逝波的传播情况确定了可利用倏逝波传播距离。在此基础上,提出了一种改进的声全息方法,通过用这种方法,可得出声源面上传播波与倏逝波成分,获取等效于近场声全息的重建结果。最后,通过仿真验证了这一结果。

基于压缩感知的平面近场声全息方法及其应用

传统的平面近场声全息在其重建过程中,无论采用波数域滤波或是正则化方法,都无法解决其本身的不适定性,进而无法提高重建精度。基于压缩感知的平面近场声全息,有效地利用了质点振速信号的稀疏性,将传统地直接求解质点振速转化为间接求解稀疏系数,避免了重建过程中的不适定问题。结合基于Tikhonov正则化方法的平面近场声全息,从数值仿真角度分析了两种方法的重建精度,结果表明,基于压缩感知的平面近场声全息方法具有很好的重建精度,尤其是在重建面的边界区域。最后,应用该方法有效地识别出了冰箱的噪声源,为其噪声控制提供有效依据。

基于新型传感器阵列的声全息测试分析方法研究

针对声全息技术在实际工程应用中的扫描相位误差和有限测量孔径的问题,通过改进测试阵列和算法优化两种途径对其进行分析和解决。使用基于数字麦克风的面阵进行快照法测量,代替了传统的扫描测量,规避了扫描引入的相位误差;从理论上分析了有限孔径下近场声全息重构误差产生机理,并提出了"有限孔径空间扩展+波数域迭代滤波"的声全息算法,选用简谐激励作用下四周为无限大障板的简支钢板为对象,与传统声全息算法结果对比,验证了算法的有效性,并分析了全息面数据空间补零长度和迭代循环次数对声场重构的影响;使用转子台作为被测设备,模拟已知故障,通过单参考源下传感器阵列扫描测量结果验证了算法可以准确地定位模拟故障的空间位置。