Planetary health risks in urban agriculture

Urban agriculture is gaining recognition for its potential contributions to environmental resilience and climate change adaptation,providing advantages such as urban greening,reduced heat island effects,and decreased air pollution.Moreover,it indirectly supports communities during weather events and natural disasters,ensuring food security and fostering community cohesion.However,concerns about planetary health risks persist in highly urbanized and climate-affected areas.Employing electronic databases such as Web of Science and PubMed and adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines,we identified 55 relevant papers to comprehend the planetary health risks associated with urban agriculture,The literature review identified five distinct health risks related to urban agriculture:(1)trace metal risks in urban farms;(2)health risks associated with wastewater irrigation;(3)zoonotic risks;(4)other health risks;and(5)social and economic risks.The study highlights that urban agriculture,while emphasizing environmental benefits,particularly raises concerns about trace metal bioaccumulation in soil and vegetables,posing health risks for populations.Other well studied risks included wastewater irrigation and backyard livestock farming.The main limitations in the available literature were in studying infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance associated with urban agriculture.

The Formation of Oscillation Patterns Based on the Planetary Gravitational Field and Their Suitability for Earthquake Prediction

The fluctuating planetary gravitational field influences not only activities on the Sun but also on the Earth. A special correlation function describes the harmonics of these fluctuations. Groups of earthquakes form oscillation patterns that differ significantly from randomly chosen control groups. These patterns are suitable as an element of an AI for the probability of earthquakes.

Black Hole Singularities and Planetary Formation

The goal of this research is to explore the effects of black hole singularities. Methodology is to start with large objects like galaxies and continue to smaller objects within our solar neighbourhood. High-redshift observations from the James Webb Space Telescope reveal that distant galaxies and their central black holes formed shortly after the Big Bang. An innovation about the speed of light explains how supermassive black holes could have formed primordially. Predictions of Hawking radiation include the possibility of black holes contributing to the energy of stars such as the Sun. Black holes have also been suggested as a source of radiation and magnetic fields in giant planets. Observations of Enceladus raise the possibility that this moon and other objects near Saturn’s Rings contain small singularities. Extrapolations of this methodology indicate that black holes could exist within solar system bodies including planets. Extended discussion describes how their presence could explain mysteries of internal heat, planetary magnetic fields, and processes of solar system formation.

Research on Instantaneous Angular Speed Signal Separation Method for Planetary Gear Fault Diagnosis

Planetary gear train is a critical transmission component in large equipment such as helicopters and wind turbines. Conducting damage perception of planetary gear trains is of great significance for the safe operation of equipment. Existing methods for damage perception of planetary gear trains mainly rely on linear vibration analysis. However, these methods based on linear vibration signal analysis face challenges such as rich vibration sources, complex signal coupling and modulation mechanisms, significant influence of transmission paths, and difficulties in separating damage information. This paper proposes a method for separating instantaneous angular speed (IAS) signals for planetary gear fault diagnosis. Firstly, this method obtains encoder pulse signals through a built-in encoder. Based on this, it calculates the IAS signals using the Hilbert transform, and obtains the time-domain synchronous average signal of the IAS of the planetary gear through time-domain synchronous averaging technology, thus realizing the fault diagnosis of the planetary gear train. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the calculated IAS signals, demonstrating that the time-domain synchronous averaging technology can highlight impact characteristics, effectively separate and extract fault impacts, greatly reduce the testing cost of experiments, and provide an effective tool for the fault diagnosis of planetary gear trains.

Point-symmetry in SNR G1.9+0.3:A Supernova that Destroyed its Planetary Nebula Progenitor

I analyze a new X-ray image of the youngest supernova remnant(SNR)in the Galaxy,which is the type Ia SNR G1.9+0.3,and reveal a very clear point-symmetrical structure.Since explosion models of type Ia supernovae(SNe Ia)do not form such morphologies,the point-symmetrical morphology must come from the circumstellar material(CSM)into which the ejecta expands.The large-scale point-symmetry that I identify and the known substantial deceleration of the ejecta of SNR G1.9+0.3 suggest a relatively massive CSM of■1M⊙.I argue that the most likely explanation is the explosion of this SN Ia into a planetary nebula.The scenario that predicts a large fraction of SN Ia inside PNe(SNIPs)is the core degenerate scenario.Other SN Ia scenarios might lead to only a very small fraction of SNIPs or none at all.

Do Planetary Transits Predict Synchronicity Experience?

Synchronicity involves the experience of personal meaning entangled with ambiguous coincidences in time. Ambiguity results from incomplete information about the chances of various events occurring. The problem that this study addresses is the lack of empirical research on synchronicity. This study sought to address this problem by exploring the astrological hypothesis that planetary transits predict synchronicity events. Synchronicities were compared with the probability distributions of planetary transits. In comparison with the base rate prediction, planetary transits were not a significant predictor of synchronicity events. The findings of this study provide new insight into the complex, multifaceted, and ambiguous phenomenon of synchronicity. The concept of ambiguity tolerance plays a significant role in synchronicity research since ambiguity cannot be completely eliminated.

A Morphological Study of Two Young Multipolar Planetary Nebulae

We carry out an optical morphological and infrared spectral study for two young planetary nebulae(PNs)Hen2-158 and Pe 1-1 to understand their complex shapes and dust properties.Hubble Space Telescope optical images reveal that these nebulae have several bipolar-lobed structures and a faint arc with a clear boundary is located at the northwestern side of Pe 1-1.The presence of this arc-shaped structure suggests that the object interacts with its nearby interstellar medium.Spitzer IRS spectroscopic observations of these young nebulae clearly show prominent unidentified infrared emission features and a weak silicate band in Pe 1-1,indicating that Hen 2-158 is a carbonrich nebula and Pe 1-1 has a mixed chemistry dust environment.Furthermore,we construct two three-dimensional models for these PNs to realize their intrinsic structures.The simulated models of the nebulae suggest that multipolar nebulae may be more numerous than we thought.Our analyses of spectral energy distributions for Hen 2-158 and Pe 1-1 show that they have low luminosities and low stellar effective temperatures,suggesting that these nebulae are young PNs.A possible correlation between typical multipolar young PNs and nested nebulae is also discussed.

Direct measurement and theoretical prediction model of interparticle adhesion force between irregular planetary regolith particles

Interparticle adhesion force has a controlling effect on the physical and mechanical properties of planetary regolith and rocks.The current research on the adhesion force of planetary regolith and rock particles has been primarily based on the assumption of smooth spherical particles to calculate the intergranular adhesion force;this approach lacks consideration for the adhesion force between irregular shaped particles.In our study,an innovative approach was established to directly measure the adhesion force between the arbitrary irregular shaped particles;the probe was modified using simulated lunar soil particles that were a typical representation of planetary regolith.The experimental results showed that for irregular shaped mineral particles,the particle size and mineral composition had no significant influence on the interparticle adhesion force;however,the complex morphology of the contact surface predominantly controlled the adhesion force.As the contact surface roughness increased,the adhesion force gradually decreased,and the rate of decrease gradually slowed;these results were consistent with the change trend predicted via the theoretical models of quantum electrodynamics.Moreover,a theoretical model to predict the adhesion force between the irregular shaped particles was constructed based on Rabinovich’s theory,and the prediction results were correlated with the experimental measurements.

Effect of Milling Parameters on DEM Modeling of a Planetary Ball Mill

The effects of the milling parameters involving shape of powder particles, rotation speed, and ball-to-powder diameter (BPDR) on DEM modeling in the planetary ball mill were investigated. BPDR was varied from 1 to 10. The results revealed that the size and shape of the powder particles do not give a significant change in simulation results when BPDR attains maximum value of 10. The increasing of BPDR leads to the increase of simulation time and size. Hence, the effect of change of the powder particle shape on the calculated data size is not significant. The results also revealed that the increasing rotation speed increases impact energy between powder particles.

Physical and Kinematical Characteristics of Wolf–Rayet Central Stars and their Host Planetary Nebulae

We address the physical and kinematical properties of Wolf–Rayet[WR]central stars(CSs)and their host planetary nebulae(PNe).The studied sample comprises all[WR]CSs that are currently known.The analysis is based on recent observations of the parallax,proper motion,and color index of[WR]CSs from the Gaia space mission’s early third release(eDR3)catalog,as well as common nebular characteristics.The results revealed an evolutionary sequence,in terms of decreasing Teff,from the early hot[WO 1]to the late cold[WC 12]stars.This evolutionary sequence extends beyond[WR]CS temperature and luminosity to additional CS and nebular characteristics.The statistical analysis shows that the mean final stellar mass and evolutionary age of the[WR]CS sample are 0.595±0.13M⊙and 9449±2437 yr,respectively,with a mean nebular dynamical age of 7270±1380 yr.In addition,we recognize that the color of the majority(∼85%)of[WR]CSs tends to be red rather than their genuine blue color.The analysis indicates that two-thirds of the apparent red color of most[WR]s is attributed to the interstellar extinction whereas the other one-third is due to the PN self-extinction effect.

Second Approximation of the Generalized Planetary Equation Based upon Golden Metric Tensors

In this paper, we consider the Post Einstein Planetary equation of motion. We succeeded in offering a solution using second approximation method, in which we obtained eight exact mathematical solutions that rebel amazing theoretical results. To the order of C-2, two of these exact solutions are reduced to the approximate solutions from the method of successive approximations.

The Variability and Radial Velocity of Planetary Nebula Central Stars

The extremely accurate estimates of stellar variability and radial velocity in the Gaia Data Release 3(Gaia DR3)have enabled us to examine the close binarity and radial velocity(RV)of central stars(CSs)of planetary nebulae(PNe).This study is twofold:(1)searching for new close binary CS candidates to better understand how binarity affects the formation and evolution of PNe;and(2)extending the sample size of known RVs of PNe in order to understand their kinematics and the dynamics of the Milky Way.As a target sample,we used all true,possible,and likely PNe available in the literature.Then,we looked for their matched Gaia DR3 sources that provide measurements of variability and RV.As a result,we detected the first large collection of trustworthy photometric variability of 26 symbiotic stars and 82 CSs.In this CS group,there are 24 sources already classified as true close binary CSs in the literature.Hence,we discovered 58 new close binary CS candidates.This close binary(CB)sample represents more than half of what is currently available in the literature.In addition,we identified the radial velocities for 51 PNe.To our knowledge,24 of these were measured for the first time.The RV measurements predicted by Gaia,based on the Doppler shift of the CS absorption lines,and those derived from nebular emission lines,show satisfactory agreement except for a few extremely high-velocity PNe.

Wind Turbine Planetary Gearbox Fault Diagnosis via Proportion-Extracting Synchrosqueezing Chirplet Transform

Wind turbine planetary gearboxes usually work under time-varying conditions,leading to nonstationary vibration signals.These signals often consist of multiple time-varying components with close instantaneous frequencies.Therefore,high-quality time-frequency analysis(TFA)is needed to extract the time-frequency feature from such nonstationary signals for fault diagnosis.However,it is difficult to obtain high-quality timefrequency representations(TFRs)through conventional TFA methods due to low resolution and time-frequency blurs.To address this issue,we propose a new TFA method termed the proportion-extracting synchrosqueezing chirplet transform(PESCT).Firstly,the proportion-extracting chirplet transform is employed to generate highresolution underlying TFRs.Then,the energy concentration of the underlying TFRs is enhanced via the synchrosqueezing transform.Finally,wind turbine planetary gearbox fault can be diagnosed by analysis of the dominant time-varying components revealed by the concentrated TFRs with high resolution.The proposed PESCT is suitable for achieving high-quality TFRs for complicated nonstationary signals.Numerical and experimental analyses validate the effectiveness of the PESCT in characterizing the nonstationary signals from wind turbine planetary gearboxes.

应用滑动轴承的风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学建模及解耦方法

在行星轮系动力学建模中,常以非线性油膜力或线性刚度-阻尼形式考虑其对系统动力学特性的影响,前者仿真精度高但计算成本也高,后者计算效率高却忽略了油膜力和轴颈-轴套偏心量的时变性,仿真精度有限。为此,以2MW级风电齿轮箱为研究对象,建立滑动轴承时变线性刚度-阻尼模型,提出计入轴颈-轴套时变偏心量的滑动轴承附加偏心修正力计算方法;利用行星架销轴-行星轮变形协调关系,将时变线性刚度-阻尼模型与附加偏心修正力进行耦合;建立应用滑动轴承的风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学模型,对比了工况和轴承参数对模型计算精度与系统动态响应的影响,并通过试验加以验证。研究结果表明,齿轮副动态啮合力波动会使滑动轴承刚度-阻尼系数和附加偏心修正力产生周期性变化;在稳定和瞬态工况下,提出的模型可以很好地预测系统响应,尤其是行星轮振动响应;减小滑动轴承宽径比与间隙、增大输入转矩可以改善系统均载性能。

基于格拉姆角场与深度卷积生成对抗网络的行星齿轮箱故障诊断

针对行星齿轮箱故障诊断中样本分布不均衡所引起的模型泛化能力差及诊断精度低等问题,采用格拉姆角场图像编码技术和深度卷积生成对抗网络相结合进行数据增强,融合AlexNet卷积神经网络进行故障诊断。将采集到的一维振动信号转化为格拉姆角场图,按比例划分训练集与测试集,将训练集样本与随机向量输入到深度卷积生成对抗网络模型中,交替训练生成器与判别器,达到纳什平衡,生成与原始样本类似的生成样本,从而实现故障样本的增广。用原始样本与生成的增广样本训练卷积神经网络分类模型,完成行星齿轮箱的故障识别。实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效提升样本不均衡条件下的行星齿轮箱故障诊断精度,使之达到99.15%,且能使收敛速度更快。

面向天文多普勒差分测速的太阳/行星光谱对生成方法

为了提供天文多普勒差分测速所需的同步太阳/行星光谱对,提出了一种变分自编码器(VAE)和对偶生成对抗网络(Dual GAN)相融合的VAE-Dual GAN。首先,实测太阳光谱经过VAE编码到隐空间,实现了光谱到光谱域的扩充;然后,由Dual GAN将隐空间映射到伪行星光谱;最后,利用伪行星光谱生成重构太阳光谱。此外,利用编码和生成重建损失加强对网络的约束。VAE-Dual GAN利用Dual GAN的转换学习能力完成了两个光谱域的转换,生成同步太阳/行星光谱对。实验结果表明,VAE-Dual GAN可生成高质量的太阳/行星光谱对,将天文多普勒差分测速精度提高60%以上。

一种新型二级凸轮式分度机构动力学仿真

针对一种新型二级凸轮式分度机构的拓扑结构特点,在ADAMS软件环境下建立了机构动力学模型,分析机构的输出响应。在此基础上,研究了转速、惯性负载及针齿分度圆半径等因素对整机动态性能的影响规律。此外,分析了传动构件的针齿强度。结果表明:机构输出轴角速度值随着转速的提高而大幅度增加,随着针齿分度圆半径的增大而减小,其波动幅值随负载的增大而明显减小。机构分度期内针齿与凸轮间的动态啮合力显著波动,上述研究成果可为该类分度机构的工况参数选择原则提供一定的参考。

无传动间隙的3K行星齿轮减速器设计

3K行星齿轮减速器的啮合齿轮副存在齿侧间隙,使得传动链中引入了传动间隙,导致传动精度降低以及换向冲击。为消除3K行星齿轮减速器的传动间隙,利用3K行星齿轮传动中行星架不参与力矩传递的特性,提出了一种柔性行星架以消除传动间隙,并通过仿真分析验证了所提消隙机构的有效性。通过配齿及效率优化实现了高效的正向和反向传动。研制样机并进行了传动精度、滞回特性、正弦响应误差、正向传动效率、反向传动效率以及反向启动扭矩测试,结果验证了所提柔性行星架对消除3K行星齿轮减速器传动间隙、提高传动精度和传动效率以及提高反向传动性能的有效性。

微型行星齿轮传动设计与分析

提出一种应用于某航空发动机中空气涡轮起动机的微型行星齿轮传动设计方案,对传动系统的构型进行结构设计、参数匹配;采用有限元分析软件ANSYS对其重要零部件进行强度校核,基于正交试验法对减速器结构进行优化,为微型行星减速结构在航空发动机起动机等航空产品中的推广与应用提供理论支撑。

汽车差速器行星齿轮失效分析

汽车行星齿轮是传动系统的核心部件之一,其失效对汽车性能和安全产生极大影响。该研究通过实验测试和分析,对行星齿轮失效机理进行了研究。实验表明,行星齿轮的失效主要包括齿顶接触疲劳和齿面磨损,其中前者是主要失效模式。结果表明,行星齿轮的扭矩和转速对失效模式和失效寿命有着重要影响,同时,采用高强度材料和改进设计可以有效提高行星齿轮的寿命。该研究为汽车传动系统的设计和优化提供了重要的理论支撑和实验数据。